Rates Of Overweight Research Articles

Is the COVID-19 epidemic affecting the body mass of Chinese teenagers? - A longitudinal follow-up study.

After the spread and outbreak of COVID-19 worldwide, the learning, lifestyle, and health level of young individuals have been immensely impacted. With regard to the existing studies, the development trend of adolescents' body shape in the late COVID-19 period is not sufficiently analyzed, and relevant targeted investigation is lacking. This study aimed to explore the body mass index (BMI) changes of 6-14 years-old adolescents before and after the COVID-19 epidemic, and to provide a reference for promoting the continuous enhancement of adolescent health. The BMI and related data pertaining to 93,046 individuals from 2019 to 2022 were collected by cluster sampling, and changes in the BMI Z score and detection rate of overweight and obese adolescents before and after the epidemic were analyzed. Furthermore, the trend of obesity rates among adolescents in Jinan from 2019 to 2022 was analyzed using a logistic regression analysis model. The one-way ANOVA models indicated that the BMI Z score of 6-14 years-old adolescents in 2020 significantly increased compared to 2019 (p < 0.01), and decreased in 2021 and 2022; in 2020, the obesity rate of adolescents exhibited a significant increase; however, the rate decreased after being controlled in 2021 and 2022. The normal-body size proportion continued to rise (p < 0.01), and adolescents of different age groups and genders exhibited similar development trends; the results of the logistic regression analysis indicate that there was a significant increase in obesity rates in 2020, adolescents of different age groups and genders exhibited similar development trends (p < 0.05). This study demonstrated that the COVID-19 epidemic impacts the BMI and obesity detection rate of adolescents. Adolescents from different age groups and genders exhibited similar development trends.

Cardiometabolic risk factors in South American children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Cardiometabolic risk factors (impaired fasting glucose, abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia) cluster in children, may predict adult disease burden, and are inadequately characterized in South American children. To quantify the burden of cardiometabolic risk factors in South American children (0-21 years) and identify knowledge gaps. We systematically searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature via Virtual Health Library from 2000-2021 in any language. Two independent reviewers screened and extracted all data. 179 studies of 2,181 screened were included representing 10 countries (n = 2,975,261). 12.2% of South American children experienced obesity, 21.9% elevated waist circumference, 3.0% elevated fasting glucose, 18.1% high triglycerides, 29.6% low HDL cholesterol, and 8.6% high blood pressure. Cardiometabolic risk factor definitions varied widely. Chile exhibited the highest prevalence of obesity/overweight, low HDL, and impaired fasting glucose. Ecuador exhibited the highest prevalence of elevated blood pressure. Rural setting (vs. urban or mixed) and indigenous origin protected against most cardiometabolic risk factors. South American children experience high rates of obesity, overweight, and dyslipidemia. International consensus on cardiometabolic risk factor definitions for children will lead to improved diagnosis of cardiometabolic risk factors in this population, and future research should ensure inclusion of unreported countries and increased representation of indigenous populations.

A “leaner” government? The effect of China's anti-corruption campaign on the body weight and health of public sector employees

Health is fundamental for bureaucrats to properly perform duties so as to deliver the function of the state. Based on a nationally representative longitudinal survey and using a difference-in-differences identification strategy, we study whether and how the recent anti-corruption campaign in China shapes the body weight and health of public sector employees (PSEs). We find that the anti-corruption campaign significantly decreased the BMI and overweight rates of PSEs. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the effect is more pronounced among the PSEs who are more exposed to corruption ex ante. Further analyses demonstrate that the mechanisms underlying the BMI reduction effect include decreased frequency of alcohol consumption and eating out as well as increased time spent on exercise among PSEs post-campaign. Finally, we find the reduced BMI among PSEs also leads to better self-assessed health and has broader implications for bureaucratic efficiency and governance quality. Overall, this study offers a novel political economic perspective to shed light on an unintended health consequence of China's anti-corruption campaign.

Family characteristics in adolescents with overweight or obesity: a network analysis.

Rates of overweight and obesity continue to grow in adolescents. Overweight and obesity in adolescence are associated with numerous immediate and long-term adverse health conditions. Throughout adolescence, parents and the family have an important and central influence on adolescents' health and lifestyle. The home environment may be a major factor in shaping children's weight. However, our current understanding of the interplay between family-related variables in adolescents with overweight or obesity is limited and fragmented. This study aimed to assess the relationship between family-related variables in adolescents who are overweight or obese using network analysis and inform future health promotion for family-based intervention. Participants (n = 488) were recruited from middle schools in Nanjing from October 2022 to March 2023. Participants, together with their parents, completed a questionnaire at school about the family food environment, family size, family APGAR index, family physical activity facilities, parental mental health, rearing behavior, parental weight status, drinking history, marital satisfaction, and sociodemographic characteristics. The network split into three distinct communities of items. Network analysis showed that parental mental health and paternal rearing styles-rejection were the most central nodes in the network. In contrast, maternal weight status was the most peripheral and least connected nodes. Family-related variables constituted a connected network in adolescents with overweight or obesity. The pattern of network node connections supports that interventions could prioritize targeting changing parental mental health and paternal rearing styles in adolescents with overweight or obesity.

Build health in childhood: is it possible to promote health through a social media campaign?

Abstract Introduction Given the rise of overweight rate among Italian school-aged children (detected by the surveillance system “OKkio alla SALUTE”-WHO-COSI Italy, a communication campaign, addressed to parents, was carried out on social media to promote knowledge and encourage healthy choices to improve children's well-being. Social media allows both to inform users and to actively involve them through an exchange of ideas and opinions. The National Institute of Health, the IRCCS Burlo Garofolo and the Ministry of Health promoted this initiative. Methods The campaign consisted in the dissemination, through the institutional page “Guadagnare Salute” on FB and IG, of messages, videos and infographics about a healthy lifestyles. An evaluation plan was set up. Data considered 16/11/2022-04/12/2023 on FB. Results The campaign started on November 23rd 2022 and will end in May 2023. 33% of the published posts were sponsored. Users. In the considered timeframe, FB users increased by 78%; 86% were women aged between 35 and 54. The most significant user increase occurred during: a. the first three weeks of the social media campaign and b. after the Christmas break. Exposure. 483.926 users viewed the published contents and 15.056 visited the FB page. Involvement. What affected most the post coverage was: a. sponsorships; b. type and topic of content. The topic that most interested the users was physical activity (active mobility and physical activity in school). Some particular posts about fruit and vegetable consumption, healthy eating and sedentary lifestyle also had a high engagement rate. The topic of sugar-sweetened beverages received the most controversial comments. Conclusions Currently, there still is little evidence on the role that social media has on actually changing attitudes and health behaviors among people. The initiative aims to provide further evidence of institutional channels using social media for health promotion purposes. Key messages • Social media could be a key communication channel, especially in order to reduce inequalities. • Evidence about the effectiveness of social media as a health promotion setting is still limited.

Rural-Urban Differences in Overweight and Obesity, Physical Activity, and Food Security Among Children and Adolescents.

Childhood obesity has been associated with numerous poor health conditions, with geographic disparities demonstrated. Limited research has examined the association between rurality and food security, physical activity, and overweight or obesity among children. We examined rates of food security, physical inactivity, and overweight or obesity among rural and urban children and adolescents, and associations between rurality and these 3 outcomes. We used cross-sectional data from a nationally representative sample of children and adolescents aged 10 to 17 years from the 2019-2020 National Survey of Children's Health (N = 23,199). We calculated frequencies, proportions, and unadjusted associations for each variable by using descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses. We used multivariable logistic regression models to examine the association between rurality and food security, physical activity, and overweight or obesity. After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, rural children and adolescents had higher odds than urban children and adolescents of being overweight or obese (adjusted odds ratio = 1.30; 95% CI, 1.11-1.52); associations between rurality and physical inactivity and food insecurity were not significant. The information from this study is timely for policy makers and community partners to make informed decisions on the allocation of healthy weight and obesity prevention programs for children and adolescents in rural settings. Our study provides information for public health programming and the designing of appropriate dietary and physical activity interventions needed to reduce disparities in obesity prevention among children and adolescents.

Sweetness preference and its impact on energy intake and body weight - a review of evidence.

In the last few years, several approaches have been postulated for tackling the global increase in overweight and obesity rates, including different dietary macronutrient compositions or the timing of meals. Recently, taste modulation has come into focus as a possible approach for influencing dietary behavior. The perception of sweet taste is innate and an evolutionary protection mechanism to prevent primates from eating poisonous plants. It is hypothesized that this innate sweetness preference could be modulated by dietary sweetness, including sweet foods and beverages, which results in a learned sweetness preference that affects energy intake and body weight. However, this hypothesis is not supported by unanimous scientific evidence. This review provides an update of the current literature, regarding the modulation of sweetness preference as a possible new approach in the prevention of overweight and obesity. In general, results from observation as well as interventional studies in all age groups are heterogeneous. The majority showed no effect of dietary sweetness modulation on sweetness preference, energy intake or anthropometric measures. Therefore, the modulation of sweetness preference due to diet, foods or beverages is still a hypothesis and not scientifically proven. However, due to the lack of data, more research is necessary.

Prevalence, risk factors, and optimal way to determine overweight, obesity, and morbid obesity in the first Dutch cohort of 2338 long-term survivors of childhood cancer: a DCCSS-LATER study.

Overweight and obesity are common challenges among childhood cancer survivors. Overweight may be disguised, as survivors can have normal weight but high fat percentage (fat%) on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). We aimed to assess prevalence, identify determinants and biomarkers, and assess which method captures overweight best, in a nationwide cohort. The prevalence of overweight and obesity, primarily defined by body mass index (BMI), was assessed in the DCCSS-LATER cohort of adult survivors treated from 1963-2002, with the LifeLines cohort as reference. The associations between risk factors and overweight metrics were investigated using logistic regression. Additional overweight metrics included DXA fat%, waist circumference (WC), waist/hip ratio (WHR), waist/height ratio (WHtR), and high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin. A total of 2338 (mean age 35.5 years, follow-up 28.3 years) survivors participated. The overweight prevalence was 46.3% in men and 44.3% in women (obesity 11.2% and 15.9%, morbid obesity 2.4% and 5.4%), with highest rates among brain tumor survivors. Compared to controls, there was no overall increased overweight rate, but this was higher in women > 50 years, morbid obesity in men > 50 years. Overweight at cancer diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.83, 95% CI 2.19-6.69), cranial radiotherapy (aOR = 3.21, 95% CI 1.99-5.18), and growth hormone deficiency (separate model, aOR = 1.61, 95% CI 1.00-2.59) were associated with overweight. Using BMI, WC, WHR, and WHtR, overweight prevalence was similar. Low HMW adiponectin, present in only 4.5% of survivors, was an insensitive overweight marker. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-based classification identified overweight in an additional 30%, particularly after abdominal radiotherapy, total body irradiation, anthracyclines, and platinum. Overweight occurs in almost half of long-term survivors. There was no overall increased incidence of overweight compared to controls. We identified factors associated with overweight, as well as subgroups of survivors in whom DXA can more reliably assess overweight.

Utilizing a Logic Model for Planning, Implementing and Evaluating Sport Programs for Youth Who Are Incarcerated

Physical activity during adolescence is critical for disease prevention and health promotion. Studies show that youth who are incarcerated have lower levels of physical activity than their non-incarcerated peers, higher rates of overweight and obesity in adulthood, and worse general health over a lifetime. Sport programming is a promising intervention to address these health concerns. However, such programming is currently limited and varied across the juvenile justice system, and little is known about implementation. At the same time, there is a considerable interest in adopting sport programming among facility administrators throughout the United States (US). To address this opportunity in practice, this article describes the process of building a logic model based upon a case example for sport programming in a juvenile correctional facility in the US developed through an academic-community partnership. Findings demonstrate the utility of logic model development to support practitioners interested in designing and implementing sport programming within justice settings and have broader implications for practitioners looking to develop new programs or adapt programs for new populations where little guidance currently exists.

Weight management strategies and food supplement intake among Bulgarian adults: results of a national survey

The number of overweight and obese people has dramatically risen in the last two decades and has become one of the most serious health concerns. This study aimed to assess the use of food supplements as aids in reducing body weight and different approaches for weight management practised by Bulgarian adults. A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based online survey was conducted between December 2019 and February 2020. A total of 508 adults completed the survey. According to study participants, the Internet was the most used source of weight reduction information (66.9%). One hundred and seventy-two adults (33.9%) have sought weight-loss advice from a personal trainer/fitness instructor, and only 12.6% (n = 64) have consulted with a physician. More than half of the respondents (n = 288, 56.7%) reported food supplement use to maintain weight. The majority of the consumers were female (76.4%, p &amp;lt; 0.001) and adults with higher education (89.9%, p &amp;lt; 0.001). The main reasons for food supplement intake were individual research on the Internet (43%), advice from a personal trainer/fitness instructor (23.6%), and a recommendation from a healthcare provider (22.2%). With the increasing rates of overweight and obesity, food supplements are becoming a popular weight-loss approach, which is confirmed by our findings.

Research on the association between overweight and obesity mediated by Chinese children and adolescent aged 13-18 years physical exercise and psychological distress

Objective: To analyze the association between overweight and obesity, psychological distress, and the influence of physical exercise among Chinese children and adolescents. Methods: The study used data from the 2019 Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health. A total of 95 280 Han Chinese children and adolescents aged 13 to 18 years were included in the study based on complete information on overweight and obesity, psychological distress assessment, and physical exercise variables. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale was used to measure their psychological distress, with scores above 25 indicating high psychological distress. The BMI group of the adolescents was evaluated according to the Chinese standard "WS/T 586-2018 Screening for Overweight and Obesity in School-age Children and Adolescents", including underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity. The individual's BMI Z-score (BMIZ) was evaluated using the WHO standard and divided into ten groups based on the population percentile distribution. The survey collected the subjects' average daily physical exercise time and divided them into two groups: less than 1 hour and greater than or equal to 1 hour. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between overweight and obesity and high psychological distress among children and adolescents and the differences in association between different physical exercise groups. Results: The detection rates of overweight and obesity among Han Chinese children and adolescents aged 13 to 18 years in 2019 were 14.5%, and 7.6%, respectively. The rate of high psychological distress was 37.6%, and the rate of average daily physical exercise time exceeding 1 hour was 17.1%. Using the population with a BMIZ P10 below as a reference, the association strength between high psychological distress and the population gradually increased, with an OR (95%CI) value of 1.08 (1.02-1.14), 1.09 (1.02-1.14), 1.10 (1.03-1.16), and 1.16 (1.09-1.23) for BMIZ in the P60-, P70-, P80-, >P90 groups. Compared to normal weight, both overweight and obesity were positively associated with high psychological distress in children and adolescents, with obesity showing a more significant correlation, while underweight was negatively associated with high psychological distress. The detection rates of high psychological distress in normal weight, underweight, overweight, and obese groups were 37.6%, 37.0%, 38.2%, and 38.7%, respectively, with an OR (95%CI) value of 0.93 (0.88-0.98) for the underweight group and 1.05 (1.01-1.10) and 1.13 (1.07-1.19) for the overweight and obese groups, respectively. The positive correlation between BMIZ, overweight, and obesity with high psychological distress was significant only in adolescents who exercised less than 1 hour per day on average. Conclusions: Chinese children and adolescents face the problem of obesity and high psychological distress, with a positive correlation between these two problems. Physical activity may moderate the association between obesity and psychological distress in children and adolescents. Adequate physical exercise may offset the potential high psychological distress caused by obesity in children and adolescents. Thus, strengthening physical exercise among children and adolescents reduces the risks of both obesity and psychological health problems effectively.

Comparing Sleep Patterns and Clinical Features between Preschool and School-Age Children with OSA.

This study aimed to evaluate sleep patterns and investigate differences in clinical features among young individuals with snoring and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Data from 213 children and adolescents who underwent polysomnography (PSG) for primary snoring or OSA were collected between July 2017 and December 2021. To analyze differences in sleep architecture, hypoxia levels, and other clinical features, the participants were divided into two age groups: a preschool group and a school-age group. The school-age group had significantly higher apnea-hypopnea index, obstructive apnea index, oxygen desaturation index, and body mass index than the preschool group. Both the lowest and average oxygen saturation levels were lower in the school-age group. Adenoid hypertrophy was more prevalent in the preschool group. The rate of overweight or obesity was 35.6% in the preschool group and even 94.2% in the school-age group. There were higher percentages of N1 and N2 sleep stages, and lower percentages of N3 and REM sleep stages in the school-age group. The groups exhibiting moderate to severe OSA demonstrated significant alterations in the difference between sleeping and waking diastolic blood pressure. There is a higher frequency of respiratory events among school-age children compared with their preschool peers. Moreover, alterations in sleep structure are more prominent in the school-age group. Adenoid hypertrophy may serve as the primary instigator of OSA in preschool children, whereas the predominant causes in school-age children may be obesity or excessive weight. Retrospective chart review, 3 Laryngoscope, 134:1472-1478, 2024.

SAT664 Obesity And Overweight Diagnosis, Physician Prescription And Patient Filling Of Anti-Obesity Medications In US

Abstract Disclosure: K. Ezendu: Employee; Self; Eli Lilly &amp; Company. C.K. Choong: Employee; Self; Eli Lilly &amp; Company. Stock Owner; Self; Eli Lilly &amp; Company. M. Brown: Employee; Self; Eli Lilly &amp; Company. R. Malik: Employee; Self; Eli Lilly &amp; Company. Stock Owner; Self; Eli Lilly &amp; Company. E.R. Hankosky: Employee; Self; Eli Lilly &amp; Company. Stock Owner; Self; Eli Lilly &amp; Company. Background: The prevalence of obesity and overweight is high and growing in the US adult population. Current trends in diagnosis and treatment with anti-obesity medications (AOMs) of obesity or overweight are unknown. Objectives: To describe obesity and overweight diagnosis rates, AOM prescribing rates, and AOM fill rates in AOM-eligible adults from 2016 to 2021. Methods: Separate cohorts of AOM-eligible adults (18-80 years) were constructed from Optum’s de-identified Market Clarity Data for each year from 2016 to 2021. AOM-eligible individuals were defined as adults with obesity (≥1 body mass index (BMI) value ≥30 kg/m2) or adults with overweight (≥1 BMI 27 - &amp;lt;30 kg/m2) and ≥1 obesity-related complication (ORC) including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases. Obesity or overweight diagnosis rates in each cohort (2016-2021) were determined as the percentage of adults with obesity or overweight (as determined by BMI in the electronic health record (EHR)), respectively, who had a corresponding ICD-10 diagnosis in claims or EHR. The prescribing or fill rate of AOMs (i.e., phentermine-topiramate, lorcaserin, orlistat, naltrexone-bupropion, liraglutide, and semaglutide) was determined as the percentage of AOM-eligible members with a written prescription of an AOM in the EHR or at least one filled AOM prescription based on pharmacy claims in each year, respectively. Results: There were between 1,606,593 to 2,277,415 AOM-eligible adults constituting each cohort. The cohorts had similar distributions for age, gender, race, BMI, and insurance type. The obesity diagnosis rate increased from 39.4% in 2016 to 57.2% in 2021, with the diagnosis rate in claims only at 33.5% in 2016 and 47.3% in 2021. The overweight diagnosis rate rose from 18.1% in 2016 to 31.2% in 2021, with the claims-based rate at 15.4% in 2016 and 29.2% in 2021. The prescribing rate for AOMs was low, ranging from 0.4% to 0.5% across all years. Similarly, the fill rates for AOMs rose from 0.4% in 2016 to 0.6% in 2021. From 2016 to 2021, the prescribing and fill rates for incretin AOMs (i.e., liraglutide and semaglutide) doubled (from 0.1% to 0.2%) and quadrupled (from 0.1% to 0.4%), respectively. Conclusions: Despite some increases in recent years, obesity and overweight diagnosis rates remain low, suggesting a significant clinical care gap. Even in the most recent year, less than 3 of 5 people with obesity received an official diagnosis and less than half received a claims-based diagnosis. The overall obesity and overweight diagnoses were higher than reported in claims, signaling a gap in reimbursement. AOM prescribing and filling remained consistently low, with less than 7 in 1000 AOM-eligible adults receiving or filling AOM prescriptions. The clinical care gap for overweight and obesity is substantial, needing effective measures to reduce barriers for obesity care. Presentation: Saturday, June 17, 2023

SAT419 Characteristics Of Trans Male Children And Adolescents Care Followed Up In A Children Hospital

Abstract Disclosure: M. Esposito: None. V.G. Gonzalez: None. J. Pasqualotto: None. A. Morin: None. Introduction Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people are those whose gender identity do not correspond with their sex assigned at birth. Gender identity law was approved in 2012, guarantees access to health care including hormones and surgical procedures reassignment without any requirement except "informed consent by the individual concerned". Last years the number of youth with TGD seeking gender affirming care has increased, resulting in the formation of multidisciplinary care teams to respond to the growing demand. Objective To characterize the population of transgender male(TM) attended in a Pediatric Endocrinology Service. Method Medical records of the Pediatric Endocrine Service were reviewed for youth with TGD seen from December 2017 to November 2022. Results We received 92 TGD individuals in our care team, of which 64 (69.6%) consulted in Endocrinology Service, 52 trans-male (TM) (81.3%) and 12 trans-female (TF) (18.7%). We describe TM group. Median age was calculated for first medical advice: 14 (9-16) years; self-perception TGD: 9 (3-14) years; and gender affirmation: 13 (6-16) years. Obesity and overweight was present in 22 (42.3%), normoweight in 25 (48%) and underweight in 5 (9.7%). Vitamin D levels (N: 35) were insufficient in 30 children (85.7%). At first visit 45 (86%) were in Tanner stage 5. Gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists (Gnrh) were used in 27 TM (51.9 %) to prevent the progression of biological puberty, median age at start of treatment was 14 (11-15) years. Testosterone (T) was used in 18 (34.6%) to develop sex characteristics of the self-identified gender, median age of beginning was 16 (14-17) years of which 12 have previously used GnRH. In 4 adolescents (7.7%) thoracic masculinization surgery was performed at a median age of 16 years. Conclusion Most of the TGD children and adolescents were TM with a median age at first visit of 14 years and tanner stage 5. Overweight and obesity rates were higher than international norms and are a common problem among TGD youth. They should be considered a high-risk group and targeted in obesity prevention and treatment efforts. The majority of transgender youth had vitamin D insufficiency, so we recommend sun exposure and physical activity. Although they consulted in the Pediatric Endocrinology Service, only 63.5% started some hormonal therapy. Gender affirmation require multidisciplinary approach in which endocrinologists play an important role. Presentation: Saturday, June 17, 2023

Effects of food price on nutrition outcomes among women in Nigeria.

Nutrition outcomes (undernutrition, overweight, and obesity) among women are growing concerns across the globe. Currently, the rate of undernutrition and overweight among women in Nigeria is ranked among the highest in Africa. A major contributory factor reported is unstable food prices in the country. This study, therefore, examined the effects of food prices on nutrition outcomes among women in Nigeria. Secondary datasets retrieved from two different sources were used for this study. Cross-sectional data on weight and height for women were obtained from Nigeria Health Demographic Survey (NHDS). Data on monthly prices of the selected food items were obtained from the Nigeria Bureau of Statistics (NBS). The data were categorized into energy dense (yam tuber, garri, rice, and maize) and nutrient dense (egg, beef, and chicken). Multinomial logit regression was used to estimate the relationship between the prices of energy and nutrient-dense food prices concerning respondents' personal and environmental characteristics such as age, wealth status, and region; as well as the three nutrition outcomes for women (undernutrition, overnutrition, and obesity). This study revealed that the prevalence of overweight and obesity among women was 19.9% and 10.3%, respectively. Nutrition outcomes (obesity and overweight) were positively correlated with the price of energy-dense food with 0.2% and 0.3%, respectively. Nutrient-dense food price is negatively correlated with undernutrition with a probability of 0.1%. The study recommends that food policy instruments such as food prices and subsidies can be introduced to favor the consumption of healthier food to stem the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Nigeria.

Childhood overweight and obesity in Bariloche, Argentina: Beyond eating habits and physical activity.

The incidence of overweight and obesity is alarming worldwide. In Argentina, multifactorial studies are scarce despite the high rates of childhood overweight and obesity (OW/OB). In this study we assessed the prevalence of childhood OW/OB and the associated risk factors from a multicausal perspective: we analyzed sleep habits, screen use, chronic stress in children and their caregivers, social relationship problems, eating habits, and physical activity. Of the 397 first and seventh graders who completed the questionnaires, 41% had childhood OW/OB. In children with obesity, a lower level of physical activity, a lower consumption of protective foods, a higher risk for sleep disorders, higher levels of chronic stress (in both children and their caregivers), and higher rates of peer rejection were observed. Widespread use of screens before bedtime was noted in most children. This study evidences the diversity of factors associated with childhood OW/OB and highlights the convenience of a multidimensional approach to address it. In addition, the results of this study suggest the need to consider lifestyle habits as a preventive and therapeutic strategy for the management of OW/OB from early stages.

The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Firefighters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Previous studies consistently report a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among firefighters. However, the clustering of CVD risk factors, defined as metabolic syndrome (MetSyn), has received little attention by comparison. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the pooled prevalence of MetSyn among firefighters. Using combinations of free text for 'firefighter' and 'metabolic syndrome', databases were searched for eligible studies. Meta-analyses calculated weighted pooled prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for MetSyn, its components and overweight/obesity. Univariate meta-regression was performed to explore sources of heterogeneity. Of 1440 articles screened, 25 studies were included in the final analysis. The pooled prevalence of MetSyn in 31,309 firefighters was 22.3% (95% CI: 17.7-27.0%). The prevalences of MetSyn components were hypertension: 39.1%; abdominal obesity: 37.9%; hypertriglyceridemia: 30.2%; dyslipidemia: 30.1%; and hyperglycemia: 21.1%. Overweight and obesity prevalence rates in firefighters were 44.1% and 35.6%, respectively. Meta-regression revealed that decreased risk of bias (RoB) score and increased body mass index (BMI) were positively associated with an increase in MetSyn prevalence. Since one in five firefighters may meet the criteria for MetSyn, novel interventions should be explored to both prevent MetSyn and reduce the onset of CVD risk factors.

Stories of Challenge in South Africa: changes in the enabling environment for nutrition among young children (1994–2021)

Despite important nutrition-related policy and programmatic improvements in South Africa, rates of stunting among young children remain unacceptably high, while rates of overweight and obesity in this same population group are simultaneously on the rise. This study sought to examine the changes in the enabling environment for nutrition aimed at young children in South Africa by drawing on a literature review, policy mapping, and stakeholder interviews, for the time period from the end of apartheid in 1994 to 2021. The study focuses on changes and drivers of change at national level but also in three provinces: Western Cape, North West, and KwaZulu-Natal. The study ultimately seeks to better understand the changes and challenges with regards to policy and commitment to nutrition, coordination structures at various levels, and how these led to or did not lead to implementation and impact in these provinces. The study ends with reflections on what these findings mean for food and nutrition security in South Africa going forward, as well as what they might mean for other countries with similar contexts.

Trends and predictions in the physical shape of Chinese preschool children from 2000 to 2020.

To explore physical shape changes in preschool children from 2000 to 2020, and forecast development trends over the next 10 years. The grey GM (1,1) prediction model was used to fit the physical shape indicators of preschool children in China from 2000 to 2020, and then the longitudinal change trend of physical shape was compared and analyzed. Finally, the development trend of physical shape in China in 2025 and 2030 was predicted. (1) During the period from 2000 to 2020, the height, weight and chest circumference of Chinese preschool children all increased rapidly. Specifically, the weight of male and female children increased by 1.8 kg and 1.6 kg, their chest circumference increased by 1.6 cm and 1.5 cm, respectively, and both their heights increased by 3.6 cm. Among these indicators, the older the age, the greater the growth rate. It is expected that all the indicators will continue to grow rapidly over the next 10 years, but the growth rate will slow. (2) From 2000 to 2020, the growth rate of weight was higher than that of height, and BMI showed an increasing trend. The obesity detection rates in boys and girls increased by 5.6 and 2.8%, respectively. Over the next 10 years, the incidence of obesity is expected to increase by 3.8% in boys and 2.8% in girls. (3) Improvement in the growth and development of preschool children in China has a certain correlation with the rapid growth of China's economy,less physical activity, education and other factors. Over the past 20 years, the growth and nutritional status of Chinese preschoolers have improved dramatically, but overweight and obesity remain. Overweight and obesity rates are expected to continue to increase rapidly over the next 10 years, particularly among boys, and effective measures should be taken to control the obesity epidemic.

The Relationship Between Fast Food Consumption, Pocket Money, And Quality Of Sleep With Over Nutrition In Adolescents

Background: Adolescents with obese nutritional status are at risk of experiencing degenerative diseases, which can reduce the quality of life of adolescents. The healthy rate of overweight and obesity is closely related to food intake and lifestyle. Consuming fast food has become a lifestyle for teenagers. This is also influenced by the amount of pocket money, making it easy for teenagers to get fast food. Another lifestyle factor that is related to obesity in adolescents is the quality of sleep. This study aims to determine the relationship between fast food consumption, pocket money, and sleep quality with the incidence of overweight in adolescents at SMA Negeri 1 Telukjambe Timur Karawang. Research Methods: This research was conducted at SMAN 1 Telukjambe Karawang. The respondents were grade 10 and 11 students aged 16-18 years. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with a total sample of 103 respondents. The method used is quantitative research with survey techniques utilizing a cross-sectional approach. Data analysis was performed with the chi-square test. The instruments used in this study were the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire, and the pocket money questionnaire. Research Result: Analysis of statistical test data using spearman rank. The results of the study showed that the majority of respondents aged 16 years were 74 people (71.8%), non-overnutrition were 76 people (73.8%), rarely consumed fast food as many as 59 people (57.3%), sleep quality 76 people (73.8%) have insufficient income, and 74 people (71.8%) have low pocket money. Conclusion: The conclusion in this study is that there is a relationship between the frequency of fast food consumption and the quality of sleep with the incidence of overweight, and there is no relationship between pocket money and the incidence of overweight and the fast food consumption habits of adolescents.