The stabilizing potential of inflation-targeting regimes is well established in Keynesian models, from Setterfield’s theoretical contributions to the Keynes-Metzler-Goodwin-Taylor (KMGT) framework, but their role within Classical-Marxian business-cycle theory remains underexplored. Duménil and Lévy showed that monetary policy can stabilize a Classical model, yet without a canonical Taylor rule. This paper fills that gap by integrating a Taylor-type rule into Foley’s model of liquidity–profit rate cycles. The resulting Foley-Taylor model, with its parsimonious three-dimensional structure, permits a full analytical stability analysis, yielding tractable parameter conditions that, in larger systems such as the KMGT, can only be obtained numerically. The results reveal the presence of damped oscillations, indicating that the system’s equilibrium is asymptotically stable and resists divergence into a limit cycle. The model also engages with the Minskyan literature on real–financial linkages, but shifts the focus toward the containment of instability already present in Foley’s framework and its extensions. By showing that such a policy can tame the cycles in a Foley-type model, our analysis demonstrates that the stabilizing capacity of a Taylor rule, well-documented in Post-Keynesian (PK) models, is also robust within a Classical-Marxian framework.

Abstract Market power represents distortions that hinder the efficient allocation of resources within an economy. The significance of measuring such distortions is particularly pronounced in Philippine agriculture which has been subject to periodic food affordability crises. This paper is the first to directly quantify markups and assess returns to scale for agricultural suppliers and manufacturers. Using establishment-level surveys for Philippine agricultural suppliers and manufacturers from 2012 to 2018, I estimate a national average markup parameter for suppliers and manufacturers through production function regressions. I use panel data models to consistently estimate output elasticities for materials’ expenditure with which I back out theory-consistent markups and scale economies separately for agricultural suppliers and manufacturers. For suppliers, I find average markups of 8 % and constant returns to scale. For agricultural manufacturers, I find markups above 50 % and modest but statistically significant increasing returns to scale of 11 %. These estimates are consistent with the theoretical relationship between markups, profits, and returns to scale. Estimates of fixed costs over time inform us that markups are a more important factor keeping profit rates elevated for manufacturing than for upstream suppliers.

ABSTRACT Accurately predicting the default status of listed companies is crucial for risk management and investment decisions. This study develops a default prediction model for Chinese‐listed companies by combining news headlines and numerical indicators. A CNN–BiLSTM architecture is employed to encode news headline data, and a DNN is used to encode numerical indicators, with a fusion weight applied to integrate the two data types. During training, the weights of the CNN–BiLSTM and DNN encoders are frozen, while the hybrid and output layers are fine‐tuned. This approach improves prediction accuracy and robustness by combining textual and numerical data through weighted information fusion. Additionally, the incorporation of an attention mechanism enhances the model's interpretability by allowing it to focus on the most important features in the data. The main findings of the research are: (1) The proposed model, which combines both news headlines and numerical indicators, outperforms models that rely only on numerical data or only on news headlines. (2) The proposed model outperforms nine baseline models (including BERT series, Transformers, CatBoost, etc.) in terms of G‐mean, AUC and Type II Error. By reducing Type II error, the model helps minimise potential financial losses for institutions. (3) Key numerical indicators, such as ‘Audit opinion type’, ‘Common Stock Profitability Rate’ and ‘Eligibility for Margin Trading and Securities Lending’, are crucial for predicting both default and nondefault samples. In default samples, important news headline terms include ‘Aggressive expansion’, ‘Trustee management’ and ‘Pledged financing’, whereas nondefault samples are characterised by terms such as ‘Wide market potential’, ‘Stabilization and recovery’ and ‘Opening high and rising steadily’.

This study aims to analyze Madura tobacco farming in Kadur District, Pamekasan Regency, based on the characteristics of farmers, production cost structure, profit level, business efficiency, and profitability in three agroecosystems, namely rice fields, tegals, and mountains. The tobacco varieties analyzed include Prancak 95, Opot, and Melateh Tompang. Data was obtained from respondent farmers in three sample villages, namely Bungbaruh village with rice field tobacco land, Bangkes Village with tegal tobacco, and Pamoroh Village with mountain tobacco land. Using the survey method, it was then analyzed quantitatively descriptively through the calculation of profit (π), Profit Rate, R/C Ratio, and Return on Investment (ROI). The results of the study show that the characteristics of tobacco farmers in Kadur District are dominated by the adult age group with relatively long farming experience, varied formal education, and small to medium land ownership. The cost structure of tobacco farming is dominated by labor costs, with a contribution of 72–82% of the total cost, which reflects that Madura tobacco cultivation is labor-intensive. In terms of production, the Melateh Tompang variety shows the highest level of productivity in all types of land, but it is not always followed by high selling prices. The Prancak 95 variety has the highest and most stable selling price, but produces the lowest profits and profitability. The results of the farming analysis showed that the Opot variety provided the highest profits, profit rate, R/C Ratio, and ROI on rice fields and fields, while the Melateh Tompang variety was most profitable on mountain land. All varieties in all three types of land have an R/C Ratio value above one, so it is still economically feasible. Overall, the Opot and Melateh Tompang varieties have proven to be financially superior to Prancak 95, with a higher level of profitability and better cost efficiency. These findings indicate that the suitability of varieties with agroecosystem conditions is a key factor in increasing income and sustainability of tobacco farming in Kadur District.

Rational water management remains a major challenge for vegetable production in Guinea, particularly during the dry season. This study evaluated the effects of different irrigation frequencies on the growth, yield, and economic profitability of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.), cultivar Clemson Spineless, under the edapho‑climatic conditions of Faranah. The experiment was conducted from January to April 2023 on sandy‑loam soil (pH 6.0) using a randomized complete block design with four irrigation treatments: two irrigations per day (FA₀), one irrigation per day (FA₁), one irrigation every two days (FA₂), and one irrigation every three days (FA₃), each replicated four times. Growth parameters, yield components, and economic indicators were assessed. Irrigation frequency significantly affected vegetative growth and yield. The highest yields were obtained under FA₀ (10.31 t ha⁻¹) and FA₁ (10.21 t ha⁻¹). However, FA₁ recorded the highest net benefit (50,362,188 GNF) and profitability rate (97.30%). Daily irrigation therefore represents the most efficient strategy for optimizing okra productivity and profitability under dry‑season conditions in Faranah.

In today's volatile and globally interconnected market, the hotel industry is facing immense competition. To obtain a competitive advantage, hotels may adopt a completely new branding strategy. The integration of brand experience into marketing strategies has brought about a lot of interest in the hotel industry. With the rise of smart technology in the hospitality business, it is crucial to recognise the impact of brand experience on customer pleasure, commitment, and general hotel performance. Using a quantitative technique, the study surveyed 649 people from different parts of China. Hotel performance indicators like rate of occupancy and profitability are improved because of increased guest satisfaction and loyalty brought about by a pleasant brand experience. According to the research, smart technologies can only gain momentum if they are easy to use, secure users' personal information and provide tailored experiences that cater to individual tastes. However, the findings also provided insight into challenges that are already being experienced such as failures in smart devices and an inability to meet the particular needs of some customers. Smart hotels' future prosperity is contingent upon their capacity to improve the customer experience. Core issues like value, quality service delivery, and environmental responsibility are non-negotiable, and responding to educated consumer feedback through ear-to-the-ground listening might be crucial to achieving this goal. Studies carried out by the Chinese industry further develop prevailing smart hotel knowledge and highlight their brand experiences. The managers of hotels can benefit from strategic branding strategies and smart technology suggestions to enhance the guest experience and the hotel's financial performance.

The early machine theory of Marx and Engels re-examines the dialectical role of machinery in capitalist production, elucidates its revolutionary potential, and lays the theoretical groundwork for the systematization of Marxs later reflections on machinery. First, it reveals how machinery is transformed from a means of labor into an alienated instrument. Under the domination of capitals logic, machinery becomes a value-extracting apparatus that absorbs living labor; through the factory system, it restructures the spatiotemporal order of labor, reducing workers from subjects of labor to mere living components of the machine. Second, it analyzes the internal contradictions embedded in machinery. Although machinery, as the engine of productive-force revolutions, intensifies exploitation by raising the rate of relative surplus value, it simultaneously displaces living labor, thereby shrinking variable capital and lowering the rate of profit. At a deeper level, it exacerbates the antagonistic conflict between the socialization of production and private ownership, planting the seeds of a revolutionary self-negation. Finally, it explores the practical pathways through which machinerys revolutionary potential may be realized. Only by transforming ownershipturning machinery from capitals property into the common means of production of associated workerscan technological alienation be overcome and labor ultimately be elevated from a mere means of subsistence to lifes prime need. The core concern of the early machine theory of Marx and Engels lies in exposing the logic of domination inherent in capitalist relations of production rather than critiquing machinery itself. This critical perspective is foundational for decoding the paradoxes of artificial intelligence in the digital-intelligent era.

The present study aims to contribute to the literature on unequal exchange by empirically linking unequal exchange, the rate of profit, and growth convergence in a Marxian framework. To this end, a method is proposed that incorporates several contributions from recent empirical literature into a framework based on the combination of Marx’s economics with Leontief’s input-output analysis. The method is applied to data from the World Input–Output Database (2016 version) to estimate the effects of unequal exchange on the rate of surplus-value, the organic composition of capital, the rate of profit and the growth rate, covering 43 countries from 2000 to 2014. The main conclusion of the study is that unequal exchange boosts the rate of profit in the North and constraints profitability in the South, mainly due to the effect on the rate of surplus-value. The main implication of all this is that if the effect of unequal exchange on growth rates were of the same order as the effect on profit rates—as Marxian economics assumes—unequal exchange could explain a good deal of the lack of convergence between rich and poor countries.

This research examines capital deployment efficiency as a predictor of startup success through a comprehensive analysis of 500 companies across eight industries and five global regions. Moving beyond traditional metrics focused on funding volume and valuation headlines, the study establishes empirical benchmarks for measuring how effectively startups convert invested capital into sustainable business value. The analysis employs three core efficiency ratios: valuation leverage ratio, revenue generation efficiency, and revenue-to-valuation multiple, combined into a composite efficiency score that captures both market recognition and operational performance dimensions. The findings reveal substantial industry variations in capital deployment effectiveness, with E-Commerce companies achieving the highest composite efficiency score of 5.66 and profitability rate of 54.3 percent, while Cybersecurity ventures demonstrate the lowest performance at 2.76 and 31.4 percent, respectively. Profitable companies demonstrate 206 percent higher composite efficiency scores than non-profitable ventures, validating these metrics as robust predictors of business sustainability. The research establishes clear correlation patterns between efficiency measures and successful exit outcomes, with companies achieving initial public offerings demonstrating composite scores nearly four times higher than those remaining privately held. Regional analysis reveals meaningful geographic variations, with North American companies excelling in valuation creation while Asian ventures demonstrate superior operational execution in revenue generation. The study challenges conventional assumptions about funding frequency, finding that companies completing five funding rounds achieve the highest profitability rates, suggesting patient capital deployment strategies may produce superior long-term outcomes. The research provides actionable frameworks for investors to integrate efficiency metrics into due diligence processes and enables entrepreneurs to optimize operational strategies for sustainable competitive advantage.

This paper reconsiders the typology long used to categorise Marxian crisis theory: the excess commodity theory and the excess capital theory. Theorists supporting the excess capital theory repeatedly criticise the excess commodity theory as ignoring the market forces that restore the balance of supply and demand. Nevertheless, some theories regarded as the excess commodity theory definitely assume the resilience of the market and yet try to find how capital accumulation necessarily falls into some disproportionate state. Therefore, Marxian crisis theory must be differently divided into two: one that emphasises the overaccumulation against labour, indicated in the profit rate, and the other that emphasises the overaccumulation against capital itself, which is shown in the movement of accumulation rate. This reclassification is drawn from two Japanese debates on the crisis theory: the one between Samezo Kuruma and Kozo Uno, and the other between Kuruma and Ryozo Tomizuka.

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of hybrid financing models for agrotourism in Russia, focusing on Krasnodar Krai and the Republic of Crimea, to evaluate the effectiveness of government programs and private investments. The study is based on empirical data from 2020–2023, including key indicators such as profitability, payback periods, job creation, and tourist flow dynamics. The methodological framework incorporates multivariate regression analysis, expert interviews, and a review of regulatory frameworks, ensuring a holistic approach that accounts for institutional and external factors, including sanctions and climate risks. The results demonstrate that integrating government grants, subsidies, and public-private partnerships (PPPs) with private investments significantly enhances both economic and social returns. In Krasnodar Krai, this approach achieves a profitability rate of 20.1% with a 38% share of private investments, alongside the creation of 34.7 jobs per project and a 29% increase in tourist flows. However, significant regional disparities were identified: in Crimea, project approval processes take up to 68 days due to administrative barriers and sanctions, reducing overall efficiency and hindering sectoral development. The study emphasizes the need for digitalization in financial monitoring and management, as well as optimization of regulatory and administrative frameworks to increase private investment shares to 22–25% by 2028. The practical significance of this research lies in its policy and business recommendations, which aim to enhance investment attractiveness and sustainable development of agrotourism in Russia. These findings contribute to institutional economics theory and the discourse on sustainable rural development amid global instability.

Since its inception, the capitalist economic system has undergone significant transformations, evolving from primitive accumulation to expansion and high development. While capital effects have driven productivity growth, they have also been accompanied by exploitation. According to Marx’s theory of surplus value, the pursuit of profit inherently involves the extraction of surplus labor, leading to systemic social inequalities. In Capital Volume III, Marx famously states, “The law of the tendency of the rate of profit to fall is, in every respect, the most important law of modern political economy,” arguing that the declining rate of profit is an inevitable consequence of the development of social productive forces under capitalism. This law suggests that as capital intensifies its investment in machinery and technology to enhance productivity, the organic composition of capital rises, ultimately leading to a falling profit rate. This gives rise to a critical question: in today’s era dominated by digital capital, does Marx’s law of the falling rate of profit still hold explanatory power? Has its self-abolition mechanism been delayed by financial speculation?Within the framework of Marx’s critique of political economy, the logic of capital effects and their inherent contradictions are revealed. The contradiction between the infinite expansion demands of capital and the finite nature of markets ultimately leads to the self-negation of capital. With declining average profit rates, overproduction, and automation replacing labor, the capitalist system is gradually disintegrating, creating conditions for a new mode of production. In the future, humanity is expected to transition towards a “society of labor,” achieving true freedom and development.

Background: Agricultural production plays a vital role in the global economy by integrating different sectors and promoting capital circulation across industries. In this context, the dairy sector emerges as a promising avenue for investment. This study aims to assess the economic feasibility of establishing a dairy plant for the production of parmesan and mozzarella cheeses in Lavras, MG, considering both deterministic and probabilistic scenarios. Methods: The analysis was conducted in three stages: data collection, deterministic economic feasibility analysis using traditional financial indicators (NPV, IRR, profitability rate, and payback), and a probabilistic assessment using the Monte Carlo simulation with 100,000 iterations to incorporate uncertainty into the model. Results: The deterministic results indicated a positive Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) exceeding the Minimum Attractiveness Rate (MAR), and a profitability rate above 1.5, validating the investment’s viability. The probabilistic analysis reinforced these findings, with over 80% of simulated scenarios resulting in a positive NPV and over 77% showing IRR above the MAR. Key variables influencing profitability included market share, Class AB cheese consumer percentage, parmesan markup, operational costs, and per capita cheese consumption. Conclusions: The study confirms the economic feasibility of implementing the proposed dairy plant. The integration of Monte Carlo Simulation enhanced the robustness of the analysis by accounting for uncertainty, providing valuable insights for strategic decision-making. The project presents strong potential for regional development, job creation, and income generation.

Soybean productivity in sub-Saharan Africa is often constrained by low soil fertility and limited biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). This study evaluated the effects of different rhizobial inoculant rates (0, 5, 7.5, 10, and 12.5g kg-1 seed) on growth, yield, and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) of three soybean varieties, Afayak, Favor, and Jenguma, using a split-plot design with variety as the main plot and inoculant rate as the subplot. Significant effects of variety and inoculant rate were observed for key agronomic traits. Compared to the uninoculated control, grain yield increased (p < 0.001) in 2023 by 27.3%, 78.8%, 45.9%, and 146.5%, and in 2024 by 47.6%, 54.2%, 87.9%, and 180.6% at 5, 7.5, 10, and 12.5g kg-1 seed, respectively. The 10g kg-1 rate yielded the highest nitrogen fixation, at 51.5kg ha-1 in 2023 and 56.4kg ha-1 in 2024. Jenguma responded best to inoculation, followed by Afayak and Favor. Economic analysis, using partial budgeting and the marginal rate of return (MRR), identified the most profitable rates as exceeding a 100% MRR threshold. Regression analysis revealed a curvilinear yield response to inoculant rate, with an optimum of about 1.9g per plot, equivalent to 10g kg-1 seed for yield stability or 7.5g kg-1 for a more economical option. Results underscore the importance of variety-specific inoculation strategies to enhance nitrogen use efficiency and sustainable soybean production in the region.

ABSTRACT The paper studies why capital accumulation did not accelerate in Mexico after a sharp rise in the profit share of income. A Cambridge/Weisskopf equation decomposition shows two main factors: first, the presence of Marx-biased technical change, which pushed the output/capital ratio and profit rate down; and second, the investment share of profits — a measure of investment propensity — which failed to rise. Econometric estimations show that investment propensity does respond to changes in the profit share, but in a non-linear way: the response starts strong at low profit shares, but weakens as the profit share increases, until eventually it ceases to be significant. Thus, at the generally high profit shares observed in Mexico, further increments only drew a minor investment response. The analysis relies on a panel of annual observations at the 3-digit industry level, primarily sourced from the Mexican national accounts KLEMS database, and covering the private business sector and its disaggregation into manufacturing, entire tradables, and non-tradables over the period 1990−2019.

Abstract The Data Intensive Farm Management (DIFM) project has successfully executed experiments in farmer fields where every spot in the field is part of an experimental plot. What is still unsettled is how best to turn this extensive information into profitable variable rate nitrogen recommendations. This research used Bayesian methods to combine DIFM data with the on‐farm experimental data that is used to make regional and state‐level recommendations. The goal was to develop site‐specific recommendations for corn ( Zea mays L.) in a DIFM field. The first step was to estimate yield response using historical data from the maximum return to nitrogen (MRTN) database. The MRTN model allowed parameters to change over time and indicated that increased corn yields were mostly due to increasing yield potential. The second step was to estimate a spatially varying coefficient model using estimates from the first step as informative Bayesian priors. Using 3 years of a single field's on‐farm experimental data from the DIFM database, the first 2 years were used to predict the third year. The information from MRTN dominated, which resulted in the predicted spatial variability being small. The method was thus unsuccessful in providing variable rate recommendations. The estimation was also computationally intensive. The conclusion is that less exact methods need to be developed that would have fewer parameters and could be estimated much faster.

Preoperative prediction of microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma using gadoxetic acid-enhanced golden-angle radial sparse parallel dynamic MRI.

Consumer awareness of ecofriendly products has boosted the growth of the natural cosmetics industry, including those derived from aloe vera. However, its potential remains underutilized, particularly in processing and value addition. This study analyzes the value added of two aloe vera based cosmetic products, powder face masks and peel off face masks produced by PT. Saesha Cantika Indonesia in Bogor Regency. Using the Hayami value added method and a case study approach, the results show high value added for both products: IDR 125,714/kg (78%) for the powder mask and IDR 80,000/kg (67%) for the peel off mask. The powder mask demonstrates better raw material efficiency and a higher contribution to labor income, while the peel off mask offers greater profitability with an 80% profit rate. Value added distribution for the powder mask is 34% to labor and 66% to profit, whereas for the peel off mask it is 20% to labor and 80% to profit. These findings indicate that both products possess substantial economic potential with distinct advantages. The powder mask suits labor intensive business strategies that support local economic empowerment, while the peel off mask aligns with premium market strategies emphasizing high profit margins. Overall, processing aloe vera into cosmetic products provides considerable economic benefits and opportunities for agribusiness development based on local natural resources.

In the contemporary fast-changing business world, it is vital to incorporate sustainability and long-term value creation into financial decision-making. Product Lifecycle Thinking (PLT) is a relatively new approach that assists an organisation in evaluating and controlling costs and consequences of what it manufactures on financial, environmental, and social levels throughout the whole lifecycle of a product. This paper examines the aspects of PLT in financial decision making and how it can be used by finance leaders to ensure costs are minimised, risks mitigated, and rates of profitability increased in the long term. Applying mixed-methods research, which involves interviews with finance authorities at the top level, case studies, surveys and financial analysis of data sets, the paper discerns the essential advantages of PLT, e.g., cost-saving, higher ROI, and augmented risk management. The findings indicate that firms implementing PLT have registered a substantial financial gain and risk reduction, though they are affected by other issues, including data availability and finance teams' resistance. The paper highlights the importance of having an effective PLT integration through cross-functional teamwork and investment in lifecycle data systems. The results are instructive to the firms that aim to ensure harmony between the strategies of finance and sustainability and promote long-term achievement.

This paper studies Marx’s theories of the exploitation of labor and the falling rate of profit alongside Piketty’s identity in the era offinancialization. Marx argues that capitalist systems literally exploit labor to extract surplus value, a claim that fans the flames of the critiques of capitalism and contributes to debates about class struggles. Marx also argues that capital accumulation leads to a falling rate of profit, which in modern times can be countered by financialization, as a result guaranteeing the extraction of surplus value. On the other hand, Piketty’s analysis focuses on wealth inequality, proposing that the rate of return on capital outpaces the rate of economic growth (i.e., r &gt; g ), which worsens societal wealth disparities over time, through inheritance and capital income. By synthesizing Marx’s and Piketty’s perspectives within the context of a modern financialized world, this study contributes to ongoing political economy debates on how financial mechanisms sustain the extraction of surplus value. We examine how financial practices influence Marx’s mechanisms of exploitation of labor and the falling rate of profit while also influencing with Piketty’s observations about capital accumulation and inequality. This connection between Marxian theories and contemporary wealth distribution informs debates and enriches discussions on managing inequality in the 21st century.