In a period of rapid social and economic change in Saudi Arabia under Vision 2030, increasing numbers of Saudi women undertake international sojourns for study and professional development. This article examines how these temporary migrations serve as sites for renegotiating gender roles, autonomy, and mobility. Using feminist narrative inquiry, we conducted 13 in-depth biographical interviews with Saudi women sojourners (students and spouses) living in Ottawa, Canada, and analyzed data using reflexive thematic analysis. Participants described a liminal autonomy: the startling acquisition of everyday freedoms—driving, unchaperoned mobility, and mixed-gender interaction—contrasted with prior constraints under male guardianship. Yet these freedoms were constrained by two transnational forces: a digital leash of family/community surveillance from home and a racializing gaze in Canada, where Islamophobia and othering complicated daily life and identity work. Women critically assessed a “moving target” of reform in Saudi Arabia, celebrating new mobilities (e.g., driving) while expressing skepticism toward the 2022 Personal Status Law, perceived as codifying patriarchal authority. We argue that sojourner autonomy is fragile, intersectional, and perceived as reversible upon return. The study advances theory by articulating liminal autonomy, showing how polymedia reproduces control across borders and distinguishing lifestyle freedoms from structural autonomy. Implications include intersectional campus supports, culturally attuned counseling, and recognition of returning sojourners as agents of social change.

The timing of migration often aligns with predictable seasonal or environmental cues, allowing populations to maximise fitness by moving between habitats at optimal times. However, rapid environmental change is disrupting this predictability, leading to mismatches between expected and observed conditions with potential demographic consequences. Atlantic salmon are long-distance migrators that travel between freshwater and oceanic habitats and are experiencing widespread declines across their range. Our understanding of the genetic basis of run timing in Atlantic salmon has been limited to European populations, or at a coarse population level. We combine whole-genome sequencing of 498 individuals from seven North American populations with individual migration timing data to explore the genomic basis of adult return timing. We identify a large-effect region on chromosome 17 associated with migration timing (unimodal or bi-model), with ppfia2 explaining a substantial proportion of the variation, as well as an underlying polygenic basis to this complex life-history trait. These findings demonstrate a clear genomic basis for migration timing in Atlantic salmon, with the associated ppfia2 gene also playing a role in other long-distance migratory vertebrates. This suggests a potentially conserved evolutionary mechanism underlying migration timing across species and highlights the importance of genetic insights for understanding population resilience and declines in Atlantic salmon.

Using wordless picture books to assess gender variations in social imagination among preschool children.

Effect of experimental seawater acidification on the prooxidant-antioxidant system of the Pacific oyster Magallana gigas (Thunberg, 1793) under normoxic and hypoxic conditions.

Contrasting boundary-layer energy budgets during daytime, nighttime, and compound heatwaves in eastern China.

Exploration and advances in enzymatic electrochemical biosensors for in vivo detection of brain glutamate.

Spatiotemporal variations in radiocarbon age of freshwater organic carbon in the Northern Hemisphere cryosphere: Mechanisms and implications.

A multiobjective optimization approach to data assimilation for complex biological systems with sparse data.

Acute solar and atmospheric shifts preceding emergency department presentations for intentional drug overdose.

Abstract This study explores tensions between rarity, research, and clinical decision-making in surgical diseases through a case study of pediatric pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS), an extremely rare and severe pediatric cardiopulmonary disease. We first examine the history of PVS treatment and illustrate how the field has been characterized by rapid clinical changes that outpace evidence. Through this context, we characterize patients and their ability to contribute to research as a limited resource that future patients depend on. We argue that this establishes future patients as legitimate stakeholders in decisions regarding current-day clinical management. Exploring this tension, we ask, to what extent should just resource utilization and research priorities shape clinical decisions, and can the dual role of patients-both as care recipients and as a limited resource-be ethically balanced? The article interrogates these questions through two proposals: standardizing care across centers, and regionalizing PVS treatment. We argue that regionalization is ethically justifiable, whereas standardization is not. Ultimately, we conclude that while a patient's primary role is as a recipient of care, research and resource considerations can and should still inform clinical management of rare diseases. Importantly, this is ethically possible only under conditions that preserve patient welfare and the accepted standard of care.

Evaluation of oxidative stress in the newborn foal: a multibiomarker approach.

Pyrene aided dual mode fluorophore sensor for trace hydrazine detection in real environmental samples: Design, mechanism and DFT insights.

Temporal shifts in diversity and functional traits of free-living nematode associated to Cystoseira.

This research investigated educators undergoing simultaneous changes to their disciplinary and pedagogical knowledge to explore supports for teachers undergoing complex transformations to education. This topic is relevant within the context of increasingly rapid educational change. The research fills a gap in the literature in providing detailed accounts of the transformation process, particularly within the context of mainland China. The primary objective was to investigate a job-embedded teacher training in which teachers used action research for the design, implementation and evaluation of a project-based digital literacy programme. The participating teachers did not have previous training in digital literacy and did not typically teach using a project-based approach. The research used a case study methodology. Data sources included researcher field notes, artefact analysis and post-programme semi-structured interviews. Analysis indicated that the teachers’ use of a modified action-research protocol with job-embedded training provided effective support in applying new pedagogical and content knowledge as well as team management and collaborative processes. Implementation of the target programme for students still faced constraints from systemic pressures, such as conflicting assessment and leadership priorities. The research findings offer insight into practical considerations when helping teachers transition from traditional pedagogy to Project-Based Learning (PBL) or from teaching traditional literacy to digital literacy. The research also generated theoretical implications such as the need for educational leaders to plan tailored support for complex teaching and technological innovations. For this purpose, the Training Support for Educational Transformation (TSET) action-research model is proposed.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly become embedded in core domains of international concern, from autonomous weapons and cyber operations to biometric border control, digital trade, and financial regulation.While existing debated in international law tend to focus on discrete questions-such as the legality of lethal autonomous weapons or the human rights implications of algorithmic surveillance-much less attention has been paid to whether the international legal system, as a structure, is ready to govern AI as a cross cutting phenomenon. This article offers a structural readiness assessment of international law for artificial intelligence. It develops a three part framework centred on normative coverage (the extent to which existing rules and principles apply to AI mediated conduct), institutional capacity (the ability of international bodies to interpret, monitor, and enforce those norms), and adaptive flexibility (the systems capacity to adjust to rapid technological change without constant crisis driven reform). Drawing on doctrinal analysis and case studies relating to autonomous weapons, AI enabled surveillance, and cross border algorithmic regulation, the article argues that international law is normatively rich but institutionally thin and procedurally slow in AI sensitive areas, producing fragmented, reactive, and often ad hoc responses. It concludes that meaningful readiness for AI will depend less on drafting entirely new AI treaties and more on clarifying responsibility for AI mediated harm,strengthening oversight mandates of existing institutions, and developing interpretive principles tailored to algorithmic opacity,explainability,and systemic risk.

This study examines how U.S. community colleges have expanded lifelong education in response to rapid industrial restructuring and technological change, and considers the implications for restructuring the Korean junior college system. Community college lifelong education models in U.S are categorized into four types: reskilling programs, programs for older adult learners, industry-linked and training models, and noncredit certificate-based workforce training, with representative cases analyzed for each type. The findings show that lifelong education in U.S. community colleges goes beyond short-term vocational training or remedial provision, operating as an institutional framework that supports adult learners’ career reconstruction and social reentry across the life course. Degree and noncredit pathways are flexibly organized in accordance with local conditions, while programs for older learners address both reemployment and broader developmental objectives. In addition, strong connections with regional industries and labor markets enhance linkages among education, training, and employment. These findings suggest that lifelong education policy in Korean junior colleges needs to extend beyond project-based initiatives toward a longer-term framework that integrates adult learners’ life course trajectories with regional labor market contexts.

Adrenergic-driven thermogenic activation of brown adipose tissue requires high amounts of nutrients including iron to support mitochondrial biogenesis. This is governed by rapid gene expression changes in ex vivo differentiated human cervical-derived brown adipocytes. Transferrin receptor 1 (TFRC) is upregulated in response to dibutyryl-cAMP. We aim to investigate the mechanism of facilitated iron uptake when thermogenesis is activated. Pharmacological inhibition and siRNA-mediated knock-down of TFRC during stimulation decrease intracellular iron content and prevent elevation of oxygen consumption and induction of thermogenic markers. Deferoxamine-mediated iron chelation also shows comparable effects. Contrarily, the expression of ferroportin exporter is suppressed during activation; however, its inhibition does not increase thermogenesis. Brown adipocytes constitutively express and secrete high amounts of transferrin, while melanotransferrin expression and release are upregulated only in activated adipocytes. In silico analysis suggests that melanotransferrin interacts with the helical domain of TFRC. Our findings support that iron is critical in stimulating adipocyte thermogenesis.

ConspectusGene expression of cells is a highly heterogeneous and dynamic program that changes over time in various biological processes such as embryogenesis, disease progression, and response to stimuli. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of heterogeneous and dynamic gene expression is crucial for advancing our knowledge of health and disease. The recent development of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies has offered a great opportunity to dissect cellular heterogeneity by profiling the transcriptomes of individual cells. However, scRNA-seq captures only static snapshots of gene expression and fails to temporally resolve the RNA dynamics. Therefore, the rapid changes in transcription, the coordinated regulation of RNA synthesis and degradation rates, and the cellular interactions driving cell fate decisions remain poorly understood. In the past few years, metabolic RNA labeling-based scRNA-seq has emerged as a cutting-edge chemical tool to tackle these challenges. Nucleoside analogs are applied to label newly transcribed RNAs and distinguish them from pre-existing RNAs. This time-resolved technology unbiasedly captures the true RNA dynamics for thousands of genes in each of the individual cells, providing unprecedented insight into the regulation of heterogeneous and dynamic gene expression in diverse biological processes.In this Account, we highlight the recent advances achieved by our group and other laboratories in metabolic RNA labeling-enabled time-resolved scRNA-seq. First, we summarize the recent development of time-resolved scRNA-seq by integrating metabolic RNA labeling (e.g., 4-thioridine labeling) with various scRNA-seq platforms. We highlight our size-exclusion and locally quasi-static hydrodynamics-based Well-TEMP-seq method, which greatly improves the performance of time-resolved scRNA-seq (higher throughput, higher cell barcoding efficiency, and RNA recovery rate) and lowers the cost. Next, we extend the labeling strategy from single nucleoside labeling to double nucleoside labeling and develop scDUAL-seq The sequential (pulse-pulse) labeling by two different nucleosides in scDUAL-seq addresses the limitation of single nucleoside labeling in the simultaneous monitoring of RNA synthesis and degradation processes and accurate measurement of RNA kinetics. The ability of scDUAL-seq to discriminate between different cell states also allows the unveiling of the interplay between RNA synthesis and degradation that controls distinct RNA regulatory strategy transitions during dynamic processes. Then, we discuss the further development of in vivo metabolic RNA labeling-based scRNA-seq by our laboratory (Dyna-vivo-seq) and others, which advances the time-resolved scRNA-seq studies from cultured cells to animal models. This innovation opens new avenues to reveal single-cell RNA dynamics in living organisms. Finally, we introduce our attempts to integrate time-resolved scRNA-seq with spatial transcriptomics, adding a spatial dimension to temporal RNA dynamics. This new paradigm allows the dissection of the spatiotemporal regulation of gene expression and cell fate decisions through cell-cell interactions in the tissue microenvironment, which holds great promise for biomedical applications.Our perspectives on the current limitations of the chemical tools for single-cell RNA dynamics profiling and the future directions for improvement are also provided. We anticipate that this Account will inspire chemists to develop advanced chemical tools to profile the heterogeneous and dynamic gene expression programs and offer transformative insights into the molecular landscape of RNA dynamics in health and disease.

The increasing exposure of coastal ecosystems to pollution, eutrophication, ocean acidification, hypoxia and accelerating climate change has highlighted the need for molecular tools capable of detecting sublethal and early biological responses before ecological deterioration becomes evident. In this context, epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNA expression provide sensitive and mechanistically informative indicators of organismal responses to environmental stress. This manuscript synthesizes current knowledge on how these epigenetic pathways respond to key anthropogenic and climate-driven stressors across marine taxa, emphasizing their roles in mediating plasticity, acclimatization and potential adaptive trajectories. We review methodological advances in environmental epigenomics, including high-throughput DNA methylation and chromatin-mapping techniques, and discussed the challenges posed by non-model marine species, including the scarcity of reference genomes. We also evaluate the practical application of epigenetic biomarkers as part of marine biomonitoring frameworks, with particular attention to their potential integration into effect-based assessment tools within the European Union Water Framework Directive. By connecting mechanistic insights with applied management perspectives, this manuscript highlights how epigenetic markers can improve early-warning capabilities, guide conservation planning and enhance the predictive power of coastal ecosystem assessments in the face of rapid environmental change.

Abstract The Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB) shelfbreak front is a bottom-trapped frontal system at the continental shelf edge, defined by the cross-shelfbreak buoyancy gradient between fresh Shelf Water onshore and salty Slope Water offshore. Frontal-induced upwelling of nutrient-rich water supports biological productivity across trophic levels, making reliable estimates of frontal position an important reference for biophysical research and ecosystem management. Here, we present a multi-year cross-shelfbreak glider survey along 70°W, which captures the structure of the shelfbreak front on synoptic to seasonal timescales. We provide observational evidence that the foot of the seasonally averaged MAB shelfbreak front remains trapped at the shelfbreak all year. This finding supports theoretical predictions that the rapid bathymetry change at a shelfbreak promotes frontogenesis of bottom-trapped frontal systems. The seasonally averaged shelfbreak front and jet are largely geostrophically balanced and therefore show similar cross-shelfbreak variability. In contrast, watermass characteristics across the shelfbreak front and jet vary distinctly on synoptic to seasonal timescales, potentially related to cross-shelfbreak exchange. Canonical frontal proxies based on fixed watermass characteristics, such as the 34.5 PSU isohaline, therefore risk overestimating shelfbreak frontal variability. Thus, the presented results highlight the need for caution when using watermass-based proxies to identify the buoyancy-driven shelfbreak front, especially during extreme events.