Raichur District Research Articles

Socio-Demographic Profile and Types of Child Sexual Abuse Cases Registered Under Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act in Raichur District

Socio-Demographic Profile and Types of Child Sexual Abuse Cases Registered Under Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act in Raichur District

Knowledge of the Farmers about Water Management Practices in Upper Krishna Command Area of Karnataka

The present study was conducted during the year 2018-20 in Upper Krishna command area to ascertain the knowledge of the farmers towards water management practices. The study was conducted in Vijayapura, Yadgir and Raichur districts of UKP Command Area. Two talukas from each district were selected based on highest irrigated area by UKP project. The talukas selected for the study were Sindagi and Indi from Vijayapura district, Surpur and Shahapur from Yadgir district and Deodurga and Lingasugur from Raichur district, respectively. From each taluks four villages had selected and from each selected villages ten samples had randomly selected. Thus, total sample size was 240. With respect to overall knowledge of the farmers about selected water management practices in command area, more than half (51.67 %) of the farmers had high knowledge level about water management practices, followed by medium (30.00 %) and low (18.33 %).

Rainfall analysis over Kalyana Karnataka districts for resource planning in agriculture

The study has been made to analyze the rainfall of six districts of Kalyana Karnataka by utilizing the past 50 years (1971-2020) rainfall data. The rainfall data was critically examined and analyzed statistically for annual and seasonal values followed by computation of trend analysis of annual rainfall. The results revealed that, the highest mean annual rainfall was recorded at Bidar (917.8 mm) followed by Yadgir (877.8 mm) and the lowest at Ballari (559.8 mm). The CV varied between 24.0% (Bidar) to 32.6% (Yadgir). From the skewness analysis it was observed that, skewness varied from 0.3 (Bidar and Koppal) to 0.7 (Yadgir and Raichur). The Yadgir district showed zero Kurtosis and the remaining districts were found to be negatively Kurtosis and it varied from -0.1 to -0.6. The Raichur district showed 0.6 positively Kurtosis. From regression analysis, it was found that, the slopes of regression line of annual rainfall are positive at Bidar, Raichur and Koppal. This shows that these districts have increasing annual rainfall trend. However, since the correlation coefficient value (R2) is too low, the increasing trend is not significant. The remaining stations (Kalaburgi, Yadgir and Ballari) showed negative slope of regression line. This indicates these stations have decreasing trend of annual rainfall. The mean monsoon season rainfall varied between 315.3 mm (Ballari) to 705.8 mm (Bidar) and the CV was found to be more than 30% in all the districts which indicate highly erratic rainfall and the rainfall is not much dependable around the mean rainfall. The skewness analysis revealed that, all the stations showed positive skewness and it varied between 0.3 (Raichur and Koppal) to 0.9 (Yadgir).

Effectiveness and perceived significance of the Indian agricultural information sources-a comparative study from Raichur district of Karnataka

Across the globe, studies have been conducted in drought-affected areas and proved the significance of information sources and found to have a positive impact in creating awareness about new alternative and agricultural technology on improving the livelihood of the farmers. Against this backdrop, the present study on the effectiveness of information sources and their perceived significance in diversifying the livelihood was conducted in the Raichur district of Karnataka. Among the total selected samples for the study, 200 were rainfed, and 200 were irrigated farmers. The study revealed that the awareness about the different extension service mechanisms, like agriculture portals, Panchayat level meetings, and SMS sent by the regulated markets found very low in the rainfed respondents compared to irrigated respondents. Further, the perceived importance of the extension officers was found low among the small farmholders. Hence, the strategy suggested in this study is, there is a need of information inclusion. For that there is a need to improve the efficiency of the extension and agricultural information system. To do so a coordinated and holistic approach need to be taken up from the concerned departments. The formulated approch should be implemented effectively at ground level using all the actors and stakeholders in the society keeping the fact farmer is the last resort of the human kind.

Estimation of fluoride uptake in soil and staple food crops produced in highly fluoridated and non-fluoridated regions of Raichur District, Karnataka.

A staple food crops have varied role in diet of people living in particular regions of world; hence, it is critical to recognize their productivity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to estimate fluoride concentration in staple food crops grown in highly fluoridated and non-fluoridated regions and its correlation with soil. Total 36 samples were collected of which 18 samples consisting of each three samples of rice, redgram and jowar were selected. Likewise 18 corresponding soil samples from both areas were collected. All samples were ashed for 4-6 hours at 550°C in muffle furnace. The samples were allowed to cool, after which 10 ml distilled water was added to each sample and fluoride concentration was determined using ion selective electrode method, before each sample analysis the instrument was standardized using fluoride containing TISAB (III) buffer solution. The data was tabulated and subjected to cross-sectional observational statistical analysis using SPSS software applying unpaired t-test and Pearson's test. The mean fluoride concentration in crops and soils were rice (0.79 ppm), redgram (4.26 ppm), jowar (8.8 ppm) and in soil of rice (1.23 ppm), redgram (1.23 ppm) and jowar (1.21 ppm) respectively in fluoridated area. Where as in non-fluoridated area rice (0.07 ppm), redgram (0.81 ppm), jowar (0.81 ppm) and in soil of rice (0.61 ppm), redgram (0.07 ppm) and jowar (0.52 ppm) respectively. The resultant correlation between staple food crops with their corresponding soils were found highly significant in both regions with P value <0.005; hence, crops in fluoridated region exhibited increased fluoride retention, whereas crops in non-fluoridated region had optimal fluoride levels. Fluoride concentration in food crops has strong correlation with their respective soils and water irrigation properties.

Mapping of Groundwater potential zones in Lingasugur Taluk in North-eastern part of Karnataka, India using Remote Sensing, GIS and multi-criteria data analysis

Groundwater research has evolved tremendously as presently it is the need of society. Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) are the main methods in finding the potential zones for the groundwater. They help in assessing, exploring, monitoring and conserving groundwater resources. A case study was conducted to find the groundwater potential zones in Lingasugur taluk, Raichur District, Karnataka State, India. Ten thematic maps were prepared for the study area such as geology, hydrogeomorphology, land use/ land cover, soil type, NDVI, NDWI, slope map, lineament density, rainfall and drainage density. A weighted overlay superimposed method was used after converting all the thematic maps in raster format. Thus from analysis, the classes in groundwater potential were made as very good, moderate, poor and very poor zones covering an area of 10.1 sq.km., 169.25 sq.km., 1732.31 sq.km. and 53.66 sq.km. respectively. By taking the present study into consideration, the future plans for urbanization, recharge structures and groundwater exploration sites can be decided.

Scientific Management Practices Followed by Sheep Rearing Farmers in Raichur District of Karnataka, India

Livestock is one of the most remunerative enterprises among the farming community the present study was undertaken to know the scientific sheep management practices by sheep owners in Raichur and Lingasugur taluks of Raichur district. For this purpose, 6 villages from each taluks were selected on the basis of highest sheep population. Ten respondents drawn from each selected village with 120 sample size. The data was collected through structured schedule and the data were analyzed by using appropriate statistical methods. The findings of the study indicated that a large majority of the sheep owners (85.00%) administer the drugs for de worming in lamb management, followed by providing of fresh and clean water (83.33%) and proper bedding material (80.00%) in winter season. With regards feeding management of the sheep, a large majority of the respondents (85.00%) allowed their sheep for grazing in community land Nearly one fifth of the respondents provided green fodder throughout the year as their land comes under the canal irrigation provision, in addition to bore well facilities. Further, 100% of the respondents had proper floor space for the sheep size with cleaning padlock regularly in housing management practices. It is worth to note that 83.00 per cent of them monitor heat detection in sheep and provided treatment to the animals which were suffering from reproductive disorder (87.50%).This is mainly due to the availability of veterinary services in the locality. With regards health management practices, cent percent of the respondents check up the health of the sheep regularly and administer vaccination as scheduled (4/annum) and disinfection of the padlock in order to prevent the disease.

Constraints as Perceived and Suggestions as Expressed by Sheep Rearing Farmers in Raichur District of Karnataka, India

The study was conducted in purposively selected Raichur district of Karnataka. Highest number of sheep population criteria were used in selection of taluks and villages. A total of 120 respondents were selected from 06 selected villages of 2 taluks namely Lingasuguru and Raichur The quantitative and qualitative data were used to collected the information through interview schedule, The present study is highlighted different constraints and suggestion perceived by sheep rearing farmers during management practices simple statistical tools frequency and percentage are used in the study. In socio economic constraints the result found that majority (71.67%) poor knowledge and Ignorance on management practices followed literacy rate (62.05 %), It was found that a high majority (92.50%) unaware insurance services, poor credit facilities (87.50%), shrinkage of grazing land (76.67%) and cost of medicine (61.67%). Suggestion expressed by 69.17 per cent suggested on vaccination followed by keeping quality of buck (65.00%), increase number of veterinary hospital and staff (60.00%) and increase the community grazing land (37.50%), more than three-fourth of sheep farmers suggested discourage the middle man in market, strengthening the existing the animal market (72.50%) and develop new marketing channel (63.33%).

SPLAT-PBW: An eco-friendly, cost-effective mating disruption tool for the management of pink bollworm on cotton

Indian cotton farmers have reaped the benefits of Bt cotton cultivation since commercialization (March 2002) until 2013–14. From 2014 onwards, the pink bollworm (PBW) outbreak in the entire cotton-growing regions of the country was witnessed. The pest aggravated and became more problematic, not being controlled with the present management practices due to resistance to cry-toxins and insecticides. However, a non-chemical approach modifying the behavior of PBW was exploited in this study and evaluated its effectiveness in comparison with existing management strategies. An area-wide management trial with mating disruption technology was carried out using specialized pheromone and lure application technology for pink bollworm (SPLAT-PBW). Application of 500, 750, and 1250 g/acre of the lure during 2017–18 in 154 acres and 206 acres during 2018–19 in Raichur district of Karnataka, India, recorded significant control of PBW. The results revealed that SPLAT-PBW applied at 500 g/acre was found to be optimum, as minimum rosette flower (8.23%), green boll damage (7.36%), locule damage (8.41%), and higher yield (33.59 q/ha) recorded as compared to farmers’ practice which yielded 22.33 q/ha even after 5–6 rounds of insecticide spray. At the end of the fifth week, 40.36% of the active ingredient of pheromone was present in the field sample. It indicated a slow-release mechanism of pheromone from the SPLAT-PBW lures. Non-chemical approaches of insect pest management in cotton significantly benefit in reducing the load of chemical pesticides and cost of protection. This technology is an alternate option to chemical pesticides to curb the menace of the PBW due to management difficulties with the present pest control tools.

Adoption of climate-smart agriculture technology in drought-prone area of India – implications on farmers' livelihoods

PurposeLaser land leveling (LLL) is a climate-smart technology that improves water use efficiency and reduces risk in crop cultivation due to weather variability. Hence, this technology is useful for cultivating water-intensive crops in a sustainable way. Given this background, the state government of Karnataka initiated to promote LLL in drought-prone districts and selected Raichur district for implementation. Moreover, farmers in this district had observed drought situation during monsoon paddy growing season in 2018. Therefore, this study attempts to investigate the importance of LLL technology for paddy cultivation under drought conditions.Design/methodology/approachA primary survey with 604 farmer households had been conducted in Raichur in 2018. Among them, 50% are adopters of LLL who have been selected purposively and rest 50% are non-adopters who have grown paddy in the adjacent or nearest plot of the laser-leveled plot. The adoption and causal impact of LLL has been estimated using propensity score matching, coarsened exact matching and endogenous switching regression methods.FindingsThe result reveals a positive and significant impact of LLL on paddy yield and net returns to the farmers. The results indicate an increment of 12 and 16% in rice yield and net income, respectively, for LLL adopters in comparison to the non-adopters of LLL.Research limitations/implicationsThe major limitation of the study is that it does not adopt the method of experimental study due to certain limitations; hence, the authors employed a quasi-experimental method to look at the possible impact of adoption of LL.Originality/valueThere have been various agronomic studies focusing on the ex-ante assessment of the LLL. This study is an ex-post assessment of the technology on the crop yield and farmers' income in a dry semi-arid region of India, which, according to the authors, is the first in this approach.

A study on livelihood security of rehabilitant farmers

This research analyzed the livelihood security of the rehabilitant farmers of Upper Krishna Project Area (UKP). The present investigation was undertaken in Upper Krishna Project (UKP) area of Bagalkot district, Karnataka state. Livelihood Security of the rehabilitant farmers was analyzed by considering five components viz., natural, physical, financial, human and social capital. All the rehabilitant farmers covering 176 villages and 136 rehabilitation centres spread over in Bagalkot, Bijapur, Belgaum, Gulbarga and Raichur districts under UKP form the population for the study. The present study depicted that Livelihood Security of the rehabilitant farmers was found to be 54.66 per cent. Natural capital of the rehabilitant farmers was found to be the lowest among all the capitals. Social capital performed moderately among the components of the livelihood security. Rehabilitant farmers residing closer, moderately and far away from the District Head Quarter (DHQ) also analyzed. Further study revealed that relatively higher Livelihood Security of 58.58 per cent was observed among the closely distanced rehabilitant farmers from the DHQ. Most of the rehabilitant farmers (35.00%) residing closer to DHQ belonged to high Livelihood Security category.

Lignin-Degrading Microorganisms from Organic Soils

The most prevalent aromatic polymer in nature is lignin, produced by higher plants and thought to make up 30-35 percent of the non-fossil organic carbon on the planet. Lignin hydrolyzing enzymes such as lignin peroxidase, laccase, manganese peroxidase, and others produce a variety of aromatic monomers, including ferulic and vanillic acids. However, very little research has been done on the role of microbes in lignin degradation. In the present work, we have isolated 25 ligninolytic bacteria and 25 ligninolytic fungi from organic soils of Koppal, Raichur districts of Karnataka. The bacterial isolates were identified as Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus subtilis, based on biochemical tests, and fungi were identified as Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viridae, Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Pleurotus ostreatus based on morphological characters. The ligninolytic activity of bacterial isolates was high when compared to fungal isolates. All the isolates produced detectable amounts of lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, and laccase under in vitro conditions. In dye decolorization test, fungal isolates KGST-1, KGST-2, and KKSP could decolorize Ramazol Brilliant Blue R and Congo red.

Assessment of oral health status and treatment needs in hemodialysis patients at Raichur district, Karnataka, India

Introduction: According to the World Health Organization (WHO) global burden of disease project, chronic kidney disease is the 12th leading cause of death and 17th leading cause of disability in the world. Statistics show that 90% of the patients suffering from chronic renal failure face oral health-related problems. The objective of the study was to assess the oral health status and treatment needs in hemodialysis patients at Raichur district, Karnataka.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 110 patients undergoing hemodialysis at Raichur district, Karnataka. Oral health status was assessed using the WHO assessment form 1997. Oral Hygiene Index – Simplified (1964) was used to assess the Oral Hygiene Status.Results: The mean age of the patients was 43.99 ± 12.80 years and the mean Decayed Teeth, Missing Teeth, Filled Teeth (FT), and Decayed Missing FT was 2.53 ± 2.39, 4.39 ± 7.57, 0.08 ± 0.30, and 7.00 ± 7.01, respectively. The prevalence of dental caries was 94.5%. Calculus was seen in 60.9% of the patients. Oral hygiene status was poor in 49.5% of the patients. The mean number of teeth required treatment was 4.4.Conclusion: This special population has high prevalence of dental caries and poor oral hygiene which needed periodic health education and intervention.

Vegetation of Kalyana Karnataka Region, India

Understanding the diversity of vegetation is a useful tool in plant ecology and forestry to compare the composition of different species. Kalyana Karnataka region is one of the largest arid regions in India. The natural vegetation can be seen mostly in the valleys and hill locks only. The forest vegetation generally falls under Southern tropical dry deciduous forest and Southern tropical thorn forests. Dry deciduous forests are found in small blocks almost throughout the area but the mere composition is at Chincholi in Kaluburagi district, Khanapur and Changler in Bidar District and Sandur and Sogi in Bellary. Trees of this region are generally drought resistant with wide distribution and have great adaptability (Anogeissus latifolia, Soymida febrifuga etc.). The occurrence of teak (Tectona grandis) in low to fair amount characterizes this type. Yadgir, Raichur and Koppal district comprising predominant thorny and hardwood species, main components are Acacia chundra, A. leucophloea, Albizia amara, Ixora arborea, Cassis fistula etc.; this can be classified as thorn forests. Associated and encountered shrubs and herbs in the region were also recorded. Interestingly, few insectivorous plants viz., Drosera indica, D. Burmanii, Utricularia species are found. Pteridophytes like Isoetes coramandaliana, Selaginella bryopteris, Pteris jeranifolia, Adiantum incisum etc. are creating botanical interest about the forest vegetation of Yadgiri and Raichur district.

Livelihood diversification of irrigated and rainfed farmers a comparative study from drought affected Raichur district of Karnataka

Raichur is a district located under the northern dry zone of Karnataka where the economy mainly depends on agriculture for their livelihood. However, the district receives river water for irrigation; therefore, agriculture in the district is both under irrigated and rainfed conditions. The district is chronically affected by drought as it occurs every other year. The rainfall in the district is scanty and soil has got poor water holding capacity, as a result, there is a decrease in productivity of food grains, increase in poverty and desertification forcing the farmers to diversify their income-generating sources to have a sustainable livelihood. Livelihood diversification was examined using the primary data collected from 400 sampled respondents. Among 400, 200 were irrigated another 200 were rain-fed respondents. To understand the extent of diversification Simpson Diversification Index was used. The study results revealed that the average extent of diversification was more in rainfed respondents less found in irrigated respondents. But among irrigated respondents, the extent of diversification was found more in 2017 than in 2010. The diversification from on-farm to non-farming enterprises was increased in rainfed respondents. But diversification among the on-farm enterprises witnessed more in irrigated respondents. The research survey revealed that sugarcane was reported among irrigated farmers group. In 2017 migration was one of the popular income diversification strategies followed by both groups.

An Optimal Irrigation Scheduling for Drip Irrigated Onion in A- Semi-Arid Region Using the Computer Program CROPWAT 8.0

Efficient utilization of available water resources requires appropriate management strategies considering the changing environmental conditions. The present study used a widely adopted crop water requirement estimation model-CROPWAT 8.0 for estimation and scheduling of irrigation requirement for onion crop grown under Vertisol in the Rabi season in the semi-arid region of Raichur district. The soil moisture at the root zone was not allowed to fall below 50% depletion. The irrigation events brought the soil moisture back to the field capacity level. The total water requirement for the 1st and 2nd seasons was 428.77 mm and 399.98 mm respectively at 90% irrigation efficiency. CROPWAT based two days irrigation scheduling scenario was found to be appropriate to maintain optimal soil moisture range within the crop root zone at different crop stages.

Pattern of Finger Prints in Raichur District Population A Prospective Studiy Conducted at Raichur Institute of Medical Sciences, Raichur

The present study was a prospective study conducted in LVD College, Raichur, Karnataka, and study periodwas December 2013 to November 2014 (One year). During study period, total of 210 subjects (40 male and170 female) of Raichur origin were randomly selected and included in the study. The students were in theage group between 18 to 28 years. The purpose of the study was to find out the pattern of finger print patternsin Raichur district region.

Study of Violent Asphyxial Deaths in Raichur District of Karnataka

Study of Violent Asphyxial Deaths in Raichur District of Karnataka

Pattern of Poisoning Cases and Poisoning Deaths A Retrospective Studiy Conducted at Raichur Institute of Medical Sciences, Raichur

The present study is a retrospective study conducted in Raichur institute of Medical sciences, Raichur Karnataka. During the study period that is from January 2017 to March 2017, out of 547 medico-legal cases which came to casualty, 164 cases were poisoning. Among 164 poisoning cases, 13 cases died in hospital and postmortem examination is done in mortuary RIMS Raichur hospital. The most common type of poisoning case in and around the Raichur district was organo-phosphorus poisoning (58.53%) followed by kerosene poisoning (13.41%). Males (55.48%) were the more common victims of the poisoning. Age group between 11-20 years (32.92%) was most commonly affected. Majority of poisoning cases was suicidal (84.14%) in manner. In 26.56% the motive for suicidal poisoning was financial crisis leading to depression and consumption of poisonous substance.

Pattern of Homicidal Deaths at Raichur District Region – A Retrospective Study

Background: It is a retrospective study carried out to find out the pattern of homicidal deaths in around the Raichur district region, among autopsies conducted at mortuary, RIMS, Raichur. Materials and Methods: This is a two year retrospective study of autopsies conducted from January 2016 to December 2017 at Raichur Institute of Medical Sciences, Raichur. The objectives of the study were to know the pattern of homicidal deaths in and around Raichur district and to study the various socio-demographic factors influencing the homicidal deaths. Using a predefined and structured Performa, all the necessary details pertaining to the cases were collected from the inquest report and were analyzed. Results: There were 757 total cases of autopsies conducted during the study period, of which there were 51 (6.73%) homicidal deaths. Male preponderance, 20-29 age group, blunt weapons - most commonly used, neck - commonest region of body involved constitutes 29.52%, most common cause of death - hemorrhage and shock 25.49%( 13) equally followed by Head injury, maximum homicide took place at the victim‘s residence (58.82%), the most common motive behind the homicide was Infidelity (21.56%), maximum numbers of homicides were committed by Spouse (27.45%). Conclusion: An attempt is made to know the socio demographic profile of the deceased so as to understand the sociological, economical, demographic and psychological aspects influencing homicidal deaths. The spurt in the homicidal deaths in our region may be attributed to the poor socio – economic condition, unemployment among young people, marital and family disputes, decreasing value based morality in the society, soft and sometimes toothless law enforcement agencies. Key