Raichur District Research Articles

Relationship between Scientific Management Practices Followed by Fish Farmers with their Socio-economic Profile Characteristics

This study investigates the relationship between the adoption of scientific management practices by fish farmers and their socio-economic profile characteristics in the Raichur district of Karnataka, India. Using an ex-post-facto research design, data were collected from 120 fish farmers across eight villages. The results indicate that 36.28% of farmers adopted scientific management practices at a medium level, while 33.72% and 30.00% reported low and high adoption levels, respectively. Key socio-economic factors influencing adoption included education, social participation, extension orientation, and mass media utilization. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to enhance adoption rates and improve fish farming productivity, thereby supporting rural economies. This revised abstract maintains the essential details while improving clarity and focus.

Efficiency and Performance of Different Fish Marketing Channels in Raichur District of Karnataka, India

Agriculture plays a pivotal role in India's economic growth, with fish farming being one of the earliest and most critical methods of food production. Every year the production of fish has been increasing. When compared to the advancements made in fish production, India's fish marketing system is incredibly inadequate and ineffective. Hence this study tried to found efficiency of various fish marketing channels. In various marketing channels, there are several marketing intermediaries. The net returns of fish farmers will vary depending on the number of intermediaries, distance to the marketing location and exports of the commodity. Therefore, out of all the different marketing channels available in their area, farmers must select the most effective one. Hence, to find out the effective marketing channel of Raichur District the study was formulated with 120 fish farmers as respondents who belongs to community based fish farming. Results showed that, majority of the fish producers sold their produce through channel III (69.50%) even though it is less efficient marketing channel than channel I (11.55%) and channel II (18.95%) because of their nearness and convenience. Also the quantity sold was more in the same channel which was around 2876.27 kg of the total production. This research provides valuable insights into the current state of fish marketing in Raichur and offers a foundation for future studies and policy interventions aimed at optimizing the fish farming sector in India.

Regional and Local Kannada Newspapers in Raichur District A Study

Abstract: The present article examines the existence and shape of the growth functions of circulation for leading regional and local newspapers in Raichur District, and assesses their effects on their competitors. Since digital news consumption is proliferating in India, it is important to study how Karnataka regional newspapers have adapted. The study examines the extent to which Raichur District Karnataka in regional and Local newspapers have the study looks at newspaper of the most circulated Kannada language (a regional language of Raichur District in Karnataka state) newspapers. Our study finds that regional and local newspaper. The people of Raichur, Koppala, Yadagiri, Gulbarga, Bidar, Bellary (Kalyana–Karnataka) and Vijayanagara, Gadag, Bagalkote region read these newspaper.

Chapter 3. Cultivating problems and politics: Precarious fields and the social history of the Medieval Deccan, southern India

AbstractThis paper assesses the shifting locations and social significance of agricultural spaces through analyses of intensive pedestrian survey results, multi‐spectral remote sensing data, and Medieval Period inscriptional records around the site of Maski (Raichur District, Karnataka). In doing so, it challenges a longstanding historiographical trope about the social history and essential “fertility” of the Raichur Doab, a region of the central Deccan of southern India that was ostensibly contested for its rich agricultural resources by numerous imperial polities throughout the Medieval and Early Modern Periods. The results suggest that cultivation was extended into the region's more marginal production environments between the 11th and 14th centuries. Moreover, the process of agricultural expansion appears to have partly contributed to fomenting social concerns about the effects of temple patronage as many of the region's underclass farmers faced multiple modes of precarity, including those engendered by new labor and cultivation conditions in the semi‐arid Deccan. In that sense, the paper also expands on contemporary notions of precarity and highlights the significance of a variety of ways through which conditions of precarity might emerge in other historical contexts.

Isolation, Morphological Characterization and Screening of Yeast Isolates from Different Fruit Samples of Raichur District, Karnataka, India

Isolation, Morphological Characterization and Screening of Yeast Isolates from Different Fruit Samples of Raichur District, Karnataka, India

Association of Dental Caries with Odontogenic Infections and Nutritional Status in an Orphanage of Raichur District: A Cross-sectional Study

Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the association of nutritional status and dental caries in children at an orphanage in Raichur city, Karnataka. Materials and Methods: A specially designed structured questionnaire was administered to a total of 101 children of the orphanage to gather demographic details, dietary habits, sugar exposure, and oral hygiene practices. The sweet score was recorded as given by Nizel and Papas, body mass index (BMI) was assessed using the Centers for Disease Control 2000, growth charts, dental caries, and odontogenic infections were recorded using decayed missing filled teeth in deciduous dentition (dmft)/Decayed Missing Filled Teeth in permanent dentition (DMFT) and pufa/PUFA (Pulpal involvement, Ulceration, Fistula, and Abscess) index (Monse et al., 2010), respectively. Results: A total of 101 participants were enrolled in the study including children aged 6–15 years old with a mean age of 10.67 ± 2.74 years. A statistically significant relation was found between the duration of stay in an orphanage and the prevalence of dental caries (P < 0.05). A statistically significant positive correlation was found between the duration of stay in the orphanage and BMI (0.382) dmft/DMFT (0.203). In addition, a statistically significant positive correlation was also observed between dmft/DMFT and pufa/PUFA. Conclusion: The study showed caries to be primarily associated with the sugar exposure and dietary habits, whereas untreated dental decay was the main cause of odontogenic infections. The untreated caries PUFA ratio was 13.98% with only one filled component, indicating the unmet needs for decayed teeth and lack of awareness and access to preventive and curative dental care facilities by the children of the orphanage.

Fulfilling Domestic Water Demand in Semiarid Regions of North Karnataka: Challenges and Way Forward

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development includes Goal 6 (SDG 6): ‘Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all’. SDG target 6.1 aims to achieve by 2030 ‘universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all’. The Government of India has also launched the Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) to provide potable tap water to every rural household by 2024. In this context, this article explains the findings of a study to assess the domestic water demand and the availability of water in seven villages in the Ballari and Raichur districts in North Karnataka. This study indicates that groundwater is predominantly used for domestic purposes in these districts due to the lack of adequate and reliable surface water. Only 14% of households in the study area receive adequate water as per the JJM norms and this water stress is projected to worsen due to the increasing supply–demand mismatch in the future. The authors recommend the implementation of the revised configuration of the Krishna (Almatti)–Pennar river interlinking project by 2030 since this alignment is optimised to reduce project-related deforestation, people displacement, project duration and costs. This is critical for the sustainable development of North Karnataka.

Impact of front-line demonstration of Redgram + foxtail millet intercropping under rain-fed situation in Alkod village of Raichur District

Impact of front-line demonstration of Redgram + foxtail millet intercropping under rain-fed situation in Alkod village of Raichur District

Removal of Fluoride from contaminated drinking water using Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. Plant bark as an adsorbent

In India endemic fluorosis is considered as a major public health problem. The fluoride contamination and its removal approach attract a lot of concern from the scientific community at the global scale due to finite potable groundwater resource. In the present study, Guntral village from the Raichur district, Karnataka has been selected to know the fluoride concentration in ground water. The Groundwater samples were collected from bore wells and analyzed in the laboratory by using Ion Selective Electrode method and it was found that fluoride level from the range of 6.4-9.3 ppm from the different sampling sites. Further in order to remove fluoride, the adsorption method was followed by using Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC.Bark. The column method followed for removal of fluoride from the groundwater proved that 91.7 % after the treatment. Adsorption isotherm and kinetic models were well fitted to adsorption methods. It is clearly evidenced that bark of Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC adsorbent acts as one of the most significant and promising adsorbent for the removal of fluoride from the groundwater resources.

A Study on Fluorosis Health Problems in Mashihal Village: An Ongoing Challenge to Public

Fluorine is widely dispersed in nature in the form of fluoride. It is required for development and growth of the body. But excessive consumption of fluorides in different forms may lead to development of fluorosis. In the present study Mashihal village, Raichur District was selected to evaluate human health risks of fluoride contamination in Groundwater samples to understand its suitability for drinking purpose. In addition to this, health risks of prolonged ingestion of high fluoride were evaluated by standard survey and questionnaires method. The obtained results witnessed that in this village, people suffering from Dental, Skeletal and non-skeletal fluorosis. Groundwater chemistry is mainly controlled by presence of types of carbonates and weathering of rocks. Consequently the results reveal that the fluoride concentration in groundwater samples ranged from 4.6 to 6.4 ppm in Mashihal, which was significantly higher than the recommended limit of BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards) 0.5-1.5 mg/l. While low levels of fluoride help strengthen and protect tooth enamel, moreover much fluoride can cause dental fluorosis—a discoloration of teeth, usually with opaque white marks, lines, or mottled enamel and poor mineralization. Thus, Population of this area is at very high risks of chronic toxicity by excess fluoride intake. Therefore, there is an urgent need to supply of safe drinking water to public.

Rhinosporidiosis of Nasal and Nasopharyngeal Subsite from Raichur District, Karnataka – Case Reports

Rhinosporidiosis is a mucocutaneous infection, primarily involving the nose. It rarely presents as a disseminated disease, with a polypoidal lesion of the mucous membrane of the nose and its subsite. Rhinosporidiosis affects commonly the mucous membrane of the nasopharyngeal subsite, conjunctiva and palate. The causative organism is Rhinosporidium seeberi and this disease is more prevalent in tropical countries.

Economic Analysis of Plant Growth Promoter - Pulse Magic Application on Pigeonpea Production in Karnataka, India

Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L) mill. sp.) is one of the major pulse crops of the tropics and sub-tropics and has several unique characteristics. The study was conducted in the Raichur district of Kalyan Karnataka region. Pulse Magic is a combi product, released by the University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur as it contains major nutrients, micronutrients and Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) which help the crop to achieve maximum yield potential. A total sample size of 120 respondents consisting of 60 users and 60 non-users of Pulse Magic. The total cost of cultivation of pigeon peas with Pulse Magic use was (₹ 23238) considerably higher than non-users (₹ 22344). The net return accrued was also highest in Pulse Magic users (₹ 16951.62) compared to non-users (₹ 11287.52). The returns per rupee of investment were found to be marginally higher in Pulse Magic (1.73) users compared to non-users (1.50). The per acre incremental gain yield was 19.52 per cent due to the application of Pulse Magic in comparison with non-adoption of Pulse Magic technology. The partial budgeting revealed a higher net gain of ₹ 5667 per acre in Pulse Magic users compared to non-users of Pulse Magic on pigeon pea production. The results of the probit model indicated that age, education, variety and extension contact were statistically influencing in adoption of Pulse Magic technology.

The why, what and how of preconception care: an exploratory descriptive qualitative study in Karnataka, India

BackgroundWomen’s health and nutrition are key to their reproductive health and are important for optimising pregnancy outcomes. Formation of most foetal organs starts soon after conception and much before the woman has her first antenatal visit. The provision of biomedical, behavioural and social interventions to couples to address health, nutrition, behaviour issues and individual environmental risk factors that could contribute to improved maternal and child health outcomes before conception is crucial. Most rural women in India, do not seek pregnancy care before the second trimester because of socio-cultural factors. Therefore, intervening in the preconception period is important. The objective of the study was to explore the challenges and opportunities of implementing preconception care interventions.MethodsIndividual, in-depth, semi-structured interviews (n = 25) were conducted with primary stakeholders (newly married women, newly married men, and family members) in Shorapur taluk of Yadgir district and Devadurga taluk of Raichur district. Thirty-one interviews were conducted with taluk, district, state officials and academicians. This descriptive qualitative study conducted four focus group discussions with front-line health workers. The in-depth interviews (IDIs) and Focus-group discussions (FGDs) used separate pre-tested semi-structured interview/discussion guides. Data analysis was carried out using NVivo software using a phenomenological approach with both inductive and deductive analysis.ResultsA strong influence of social and cultural norms shapes healthcare-seeking behaviour at the community level. Poor dietary diversity, lack of awareness, poor literacy levels, work pressure for women, lack of decision-making power and empowerment among women, pressure to conceive early, and gender norms are the roadblocks to successful preconception care programs in the rural Karnataka setting. The stakeholders expressed the need for interventions during the preconception period. The government functionaries recommended several interventions which could be potentially integrated into the existing Reproductive Maternal, Neonatal, Child and Adolescent Health (RMNCH + A) strategy to improve the health and nutrition of women before they conceive.ConclusionThe study highlights the need for structured interventions during the preconception period to improve maternal health and pregnancy outcomes. The recommendations provided by government functionaries are indicative of the feasibility of integrating interventions in the RMNCH + A strategy.

Autoregressive integrated moving average (Arima) model for simulation of groundwater level at Devasuguru Nala watershed, Raichur district

Autoregressive integrated moving average (Arima) model for simulation of groundwater level at Devasuguru Nala watershed, Raichur district

Effect of Solar Powered Cooling System to Counteract Heat Stress in Stall Fed HF Deoni Crossbred Cows

Background: During summer the environmental conditions exceeds beyond threshold limit, that enhances heat gain beyond that lost from the body and induces heat stress in cows. The higher temperature and heat stress increases respiration rate, rectal temperature and temperature humidity index, which affects health of the cows. The objective of the study was to create favourable environmental conditions to reduce heat stress and to improve the performance of the cows. Methods: The solar powered cooling system was developed and installed at Main Agriculture Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur District of Karnataka. The functional components of the developed cooling system are foggers, timer-switch, solar panels, battery, water tank, charge controller and hosepipe. The solar panels act as an energy source for the operation pump and the 4-way fogger assembly provides the fogging of water and creates a healthy environment by reducing the air temperature. The system assessment was carried out with 3 levels of variables of foggers (6, 12 and 18 foggers), height of fogger (2.25, 2.50 and 2.75 m) and operational time interval (2, 4 and 6 min). These were statistically analysed along with air temperature (AT), relative humidity (RH), and respiration rate (RR) were also measured. Result: The AT, RH and RR was significantly influenced by the treatment combinations of selected variables and it was found that reduction of 9.2 oC in AT and 49 % (29 breaths min-1) in RR and 47 % increase in RH (66 %) were recorded at 18 foggers at 2.75 m height with 4 min operational time interval. Thus, the developed cooling system was significant (P less than 0.001) in creating optimum environmental conditions for the wellbeing of milch animals.

Impact of a school-based nutrition educational intervention on knowledge related to iron deficiency anaemia in rural Karnataka, India: A mixed methods pre-post interventional study.

To understand the extent to which adolescent awareness about anaemia and anaemia prevention can be changed by nutrition messages received at school. Mixed-methods pre-post intervention study. Three government schools in Bagalkot, Belagavi and Raichur districts of Karnataka, India. Students of grade six and seven and teachers involved in implementing the intervention. An educational intervention was co-developed by school teachers and nutrition experts using locally adapted resource materials that consisted of lectures, role play and practical demonstrations. Seven half-hour educational sessions were delivered by school teachers over 7 weeks to 455 students. Pre- and post-intervention tests measured changes in adolescents' knowledge about anaemia. Semi-structured in-depth interviews with teachers and focus groups with students explored their reactions to the intervention. Knowledge score related to anaemia. The percentage of children with correct scores increased by 7.3-49.0 percentage points for the tested questions after implementation of the intervention. The mean knowledge score increased by 3.67 ± 0.17 (p < 0.01). During interviews, teachers and students highlighted high acceptance of the intervention and materials, an increase in awareness, a positive attitude towards changing behaviour around diet, an increase in the demand for iron and folic acid supplements and improved sharing of messages learned with peers and families. Challenges expressed included need for further training, time limitations and hesitancy in teaching about menstruation and pregnancy. Educational interventions carried out for adolescents by teachers in schools are effective in improving awareness and attitude related to anaemia and its prevention.

Undernutrition among rural school-age children: a major public health challenge for an aspirational district in Karnataka, India.

For school-age children, a healthy transition from childhood to adolescence and adulthood depends on proper nutrition. Globally, most nutritional surveys focus on preschool and adolescents, neglecting school-age children. Recent studies have shown the prevalence of thinness among adolescents to be 26.5% in Karnataka. Similarly, among children aged < 5 years in the Raichur district, the prevalence of stunting, wasting, and being underweight was 39.8, 23.2, and 40.7%, respectively. The present study aimed to bridge the data gap between < 5 years of children and adolescents through a nutritional survey of school-going children in Raichur, one of the aspirational districts of India. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from January to March 2020 among rural school-age children (n = 2700) in 30 villages of the Raichur district of Karnataka, India. The school children were selected through a multi-stage cluster sampling technique. The WHO Anthro-plus software was used for calculating the age and sex-specific Z-scores for weight-for-age (WAZ), height-for-age (HAZ), and BMI-for-age (BAZ). Of the 2,700 school-age children surveyed, the mean weight and height were 22.2 kg (+5.8) and 124.9 cm (+11.6), respectively. The prevalence of children having weight-for-age Z-scores < -2 SD (Underweight) was 45.3% (95% CI: 42.7%-47.8%). The magnitude of stunting and severe stunting was 19.5% (95% CI: 18.0%-21.0%) and 7.6% (95% CI: 6.6%-8.6%), respectively. The proportion of children with BMI for age Z-scores < -2SD (thinness) was 43% (95% CI: 41.1%-44.9%), with sub-district Sindhanur having a dual burden of malnutrition. Despite many flagship programs, the prevalence of undernutrition in school-age children remains a considerable public health problem in the aspirational district of Raichur, India. Furthermore, exploratory studies are recommended to identify the factors associated with undernutrition among school-age children and strategize evidence-based intervention.

Severity and distribution of bacterial leaf blight of rice in different rice growing ecosystems of Karnataka state of India

Bacterial leaf blight of rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae has posed a major threat to production-oriented farming in recent years. The yield losses caused by this pathogen are as high as 70 to 80 per cent based on the severity of the disease. A random survey was carried out in the major rice-growing ecosystem of Karnataka viz., Bhadra, Coastal, Hilly, Kaveri, Tunga Bhadra project (TBP) and Upper Krishna project (UKP) ecosystems of Karnataka during Kharif 2019. Among all the surveyed ecosystems, the highest mean per cent disease index (PDI) of 52.60 was observed in the Bhadra ecosystem, followed by 43.67 PDI in the TBP ecosystem, and the lowest PDI of 31.08 was observed under the Kaveri ecosystem. However, moderate disease severity in the range of 31.82 to 33.79 was observed under the UKP and Hilly ecosystems of Karnataka. Among the surveyed districts, the highest disease severity (62.04 PDI) was observed in Shivamogga, followed by Gadag (52.17 PDI) and Ballari (52.87 PDI) districts, and the least severity of 20.72 PDI was observed in Raichur district. However, there was no disease severity in the Coastal ecosystem of Karnataka. The disease was severe in commercial rice-growing regions compared to those where the traditional varieties were grown. The moderate rainfall areas like Bhadra and TBP ecosystem were more severely infected with BLB than the severe rainfall area like the coastal ecosystem. The present study has identified the risk-prone areas of BLB in different rice ecosystems of Karnataka.

Social distinctions during the south Indian Neolithic: changing mortuary practices in a late prehistoric cemetery at Maski

Human burials have been recovered from a wide variety of intra- and extramural settlement contexts at Neolithic period sites (3000–1200 BC) in southern India, yet formal cemeteries remain virtually unknown from this period. Research at MARP-79 in the Raichur District of the south Indian state of Karnataka, near the type-site of Maski, documents a large Neolithic cemetery, now with the largest number of radiometrically dated burials of any archaeological site in southern India. The cemetery demonstrates considerable, previously undocumented variation in mortuary ritual, involving new materials, technologies and burial practices, which challenge culture-historical models, pointing instead towards long-term incremental developments that alter how we understand the emergence of Neolithic social differences.

Enhancing Farmers’ Income through Vegetable Farming in Raichur District of Karnataka: An Economic Analysis

Enhancing Farmers’ Income through Vegetable Farming in Raichur District of Karnataka: An Economic Analysis