Radiosensitivity Research Articles

Individual radiosensitivity testing in 2025: Current advances and future directions for personalized radiotherapy.

Resonant axion-plasmon conversion in the magnetospheres of magnetars may substantially impact the landscape of dark-matter axion detection. This Letter explores how resonant axion-plasmon conversion modify the expected radio signals from axion-photon conversions observed on Earth. Critically, the resonant conversion radius lies within the region expected for axion-photon conversion, introducing a nonradiative power loss that diminishes the anticipated photon flux. Our analysis demonstrates that this effect can reduce radio telescope sensitivities, shifting them into regions excluded by previous experiments. These findings compel a reassessment of experimental constraints derived from radio signatures of axion-photon conversions and highlight the necessity of accounting for plasmon effects in astrophysical axion searches. The presented corrections provide critical insights for refining the detection strategies of future telescope-based dark matter axion experiments.

Purpose: The use of ionizing radiation is a fundamental approach in the complex treatment of oncological diseases, including breast cancer (BC), the most common localization of malignancies in women. The degree of early radiation-induced skin damage (ERSD), a common complication of adjuvant radiation therapy (ART), can be considered as a criterion of individual radio sensitivity. An important link in the immune response to the damaging effects of ionizing radiation is the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF). The TNF gene occupies a central position in the HLA gene complex and has a number of single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Approximately half of the carriers of the minor allele of TNF-308A/G polymorphism may be included in the ancestral haplotype AH8.1. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of polymorphisms of the TNF gene and genes of the HLA complex on the degree of ERSD in patients with breast cancer during the course of ART. Material and methods: The study included 145 BC patients who underwent a course of ART (2 Gy in 25 fractions). The degree of ERSD was determined by a radiologist. Polymorphisms of genes TNF (–863C/A, –308G/A, –238G/A), HSPA1B+1267A/G and IKBL-62T/A and marker alleles of haplotype AH8.1 (HLA-A*01, HLA-B*08, HLA-DRB1*03) were determined by the PCR-SSP and PCR-RFLP. Results: ERSD was detected in all BC patients during the course of ART: grade I – 57.9 %, grade II – 35.9 %, grade III – 6.2 %. Three genetic comparison groups were identified: carriers of the allele TNF-308A and simultaneously three marker alleles of haplotype AH8.1 (11.7 %); carriers of the allele TNF-308A without the AH8.1 haplotype (11.0 %); carriers of the wild allele homozygote TNF-308GG (77.3 %). The percentages of BC patients with grade II-III ERSD were significantly higher in carriers of the TNF-308A allele without the AH8.1 haplotype than in other BC patients (75.0 % and 38.0 %, respectively, p=0.0065; RR=1.97, 95 % CI [1.38, 2.83]). An increase in the proportion of BC patients with grade II-III ERSD with additional TNF-863CC homozygote to 85.7 %, compared with 37.4% for other breast cancer patients (p=0.0009), further increases the relative risk to RR=2.92, 95 % CI [1.68, 3.12]. The inclusion of other studied polymorphisms in the analysis did not have an additional effect. Conclusion: For the first time, the heterogeneity of the reaction of allele TNF-308A carriers to radiation therapy has been revealed, which manifests itself depending on the inclusion or non-inclusion of this allele in the ancestral haplotype AH8.1 of the HLA complex. A genetic group with increased individual radio sensitivity has been identified as TNF-308A carriers without the haplotype AH8.1.

Human inborn errors of immunity (IEI) represent a diverse group of genetic disorders affecting the innate and/or adaptive immune system. Some IEI entities comprise defects in DNA repair factors, resulting in (severe) combined immunodeficiencies, bone marrow failure, predisposition to malignancies, and potentially resulting in radiosensitivity (RS). While other IEI subcategories such as common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) and immune dysregulation disorders also associate with lymphoproliferative and malignant complications, the occurrence of RS phenotypes in the broader IEI population is not well characterized. Nonetheless, identifying RS in IEI patients through functional testing is crucial to reconsider radiation-related therapeutic protocols and to improve overall patient management. This study aimed to investigate chromosomal RS in a diverse cohort of 107 IEI patients using the G0 cytokinesis-block micronucleus (MN) assay. Our findings indicate significant variability in RS across specific genetic and phenotypical subgroups. Severe RS was detected in all ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) patients, a FANCI deficient and ERCC6L2 deficient patient, but not in any other IEI patient included in this cohort. Age emerged as an influencing factor for both spontaneous and radiation-induced MN yields, while the manifestation of additional clinical features, including infection susceptibility, immune dysregulation, or malignancies did not associate with increased MN levels. Our extensive analysis of RS in the IEI population underscores the clinical importance of RS assessment in AT patients and supports RS testing in all IEI patients suspected of having a DNA repair disorder associated with RS.

The growing number and complexity of procedures performed in interventional cardiology laboratories increases the risk of biological damage to personnel working in these settings. Given the radio sensitivity of the gonads and the product of conception, women have a risk related to radio exposure that has an impact on their private and working life. This review discusses the available evidence regarding the impact of ionizing radiation on fertility and pregnancy. Furthermore, the different preventive strategies and containment maneuvers of radio exposure in catheterization and electrophysiology/pacing laboratories are examined. Finally, the areas of uncertainty that require targeted research aimed at better defining risks and prevention possibilities are highlighted. Globally, greater information and a safe and inclusive work environment will ensure equal opportunities and fair professional growth in the cardiology field.

A suitable protocol was developed for in vitro clonal propagation of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni from shoots tip and nodal explant. Experiments were conducted to standardize the culture media composition with plant hormone for multiple shoot proliferation and rooting for obtaining plantlets with uniform characteristics like the mother plant in terms of growth and habits. The best response towards multiple shoot regeneration was observed from nodal explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal media fortified with 3.0 mg/L Benzyl amino purine (BAP). In this combination, an average of 14 shoots were regenerated from the shoot tip and 16 shoots were regenerated from nodal explant. Multiple shoots were increased up to two to three times higher when they were sub-culture in the same media combination. Plantlets produced profuse rooting within 10 to 16 days after transfer to MS supplemented with different concentrations of Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), Alpha naphthyl acetic acid (NAA) and Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (0.5-2.5 mg/l). Best root development was obtained in MS containing 1.5 mg/l IBA. Rooted plantlets were transferred to soil for hardening. About 90% of plantlets were successfully established to the field condition. For the induction of the mutation, radio sensitivity tests were performed by determining lethal dose-50 (LD50) after irradiating the explants by gamma ray. The LD50 was 45 gray (Gy) for shoot tip explants whereas 55 gray (Gy) for nodal explants. Some morphological changes occurred in the treated explants which is significant for induction of mutation. J. of Sci. and Tech. Res. 6(1): 99-107, 2024

Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) have been extensively studied as radio-sensitizers due to their significant photoelectric absorption coefficient, compact size, and excellent biocompatibility. Although several research evaluated the role of Au NPs in radio sensitization, most of them were in vitro. At the same time, only a small number of studies analyzed this role at the in vivo level. This study aims to address the improvement of radiosensitization by Au NPs in tumor-bearing mice by meta-analysis. The Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Medline, and PubMed were used in this study. Thirty-six relevant studies investigated the efficacy of Au NPs as radio-sensitizers. Out of these studies, thirty-three studies were excluded; only three studies were eligible for analysis. This study was performed on only three articles that were eligible containing eleven trial comparisons and 189 mice. For the 189 mice that were used in three experiments, statistics on overall survival were available for 89 animals in the treatment group (radiation therapy with Au NPs) and 100 mice in the control group (radiation therapy alone). The pooled odds ratio (ORs) comparing experimental with control in the pooled study was 3.38 (95 percent CI, P=0.0003). This finding demonstrates a correlation between increased survival rates and the use of Au NPs in radiotherapy. This study showed that Au NPs considerably impact on radio-sensitization and radiation therapy effectiveness in tumor-bearing mice.

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is essential for DNA replication and repair, cell growth, and survival. PCNA also enhances androgen receptor (AR) signaling in prostate cancer (PC) cells. We identified a PCNA interaction protein (PIP) box at the N-terminal domain of AR and developed a small peptide PCNA inhibitor R9-AR-PIP containing AR PIP-box. We also identified a series of small molecule PCNA inhibitors (PCNA-Is) that bind directly to PCNA and interrupt PCNA functions. The present study investigated the effects of the PCNA inhibitors on the sensitivity of PC cells to X-ray radiation. The effects of targeting PCNA on radio sensitivity of PC cells were investigated in four lines of castration-resistant PC (CRPC) cells with different AR expression statuses. The cells were treated with the PCNA inhibitors and X-ray radiation alone or in combination. The effects of the treatment on expression of AR target genes, DNA damage response, DNA damage, homologous recombination repair (HRR), and cytotoxicity were evaluated. We found that the androgen response element (ARE) occupancy of the DNA damage response gene PARP1 by AR is significantly attenuated by PCNA-I1S or R9-AR-PIP combined with X-ray radiation, while X-ray radiation alone does not enhance the ARE occupancy. PCNA-I1S or R9-AR-PIP alone significantly inhibits occupancy of the AR-occupied regions (AROR) in PRKDC and XRCC2 genes. R9-AR-PIP and PCNA-I1S inhibit expression of AR-Vs target gene cyclin A2 and show the additive effects with radiation in AR-positive CRPC cells. Targeting PCNA by PCNA-I1S and R9-AR-PIP downregulates expression of DNA damage response genes EXO1, Rad54L, Rad51, and/or PARP1 and shows the additive effects with radiation as compared with their respective controls in AR-positive CRPC LNCaP-AI, 22Rv1, and R1-D567 cells, but not in AR-negative PC-3 cells. R9-AR-PIP and PCNA-I1S elevate the levels of phospho-DNA-PKcs(S2056) and γH2AX, indicating DNA damage in response to radiation in AR-positive cells. The HRR is significantly attenuated by PCNA inhibitors PCNA-I1S, R9-AR-PIP, and T2AA in all four CRPC cells examined, and inhibited by Enzalutamide (Enz) only in 22RV1 cells. The cytotoxicity induced by X-ray radiation in androgen-dependent LNCaP cells is enhanced by Enz and a lower concentration of R9-AR-PIP in the colony formation assay. R9-AR-PIP at higher concentration reduces the colony formation and has an additive effect with X-ray radiation in all AR expressing cells, regardless of AR-FL and AR-Vs, but does not significantly alter the colony formation in AR-negative PC-3 cells. PCNA-I1S attenuates colony formation and has an additive effect with ionizing radiation in all four CRPC cells, regardless of AR expression status. These data provide a strong rationale for the therapy studies using PCNA-I1S or R9-AR-PIP in combination with X-ray radiation against CRPC tumors in preclinical models.

Liver cancer (LC) is one of China's most common malignant tumors, with a high mortality rate, ranking third leading cause of death after gastric and esophageal cancer. Recent patents propose the LncRNA FAM83H-AS1 has been verified to perform a crucial role in the progression of LC. LncRNA FAM83H-AS1 has been verified to perform a crucial role in the progression of LC. However, the concrete mechanism remains to be pending further investigation. This study aimed to explore the embedding mechanism of FAM83H-AS1 molecules in terms of radio sensitivity of LC and provide potentially effective therapeutic targets for LC therapy. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was conducted to measure the transcription levels of genes. Proliferation was determined via CCK8 and colony formation assays. Western blot was carried out to detect the relative protein expression. A xenograft mouse model was constructed to investigate the effect of LncRNA FAM83H-AS1 on tumor growth and radio-sensitivity in vivo. The levels of lncRNA FAM83H-AS1 were remarkably increased in LC. Knockdown of FAM83H-AS1 inhibited LC cell proliferation and colony survival fraction. Deletion of FAM83H-AS1 increased the sensitivity of LC cells to 4 Gy of X-ray radiation. In the xenograft model, radiotherapy combined with FAM83H-AS1 silencing significantly reduced tumor volume and weight. Overexpression of FAM83H reversed the effects of FAM83H-AS1 deletion on proliferation and colony survival fraction in LC cells. Moreover, the over-expressing of FAM83H also restored the tumor volume and weight reduction caused by the knockdown of FAM83H-AS1 or radiation in the xenograft model. Knockdown of lncRNA FAM83H-AS1 inhibited LC growth and enhanced radiosensitivity in LC. It has the potential to be a promising target for LC therapy.

Radiotherapy is one of the routine treatment strategies for breast cancer (BC) patients. Different responses of the patient to radiation due to different intrinsic radiosensitivity (RS) were induced to the researcher try to introduce a standard assay for the prediction of RS. Clonogenic assay is recognized as a gold standard method in this subject but because of some of its disadvantages, it is needed for alternative assays. In this study, two assays were evaluated for this reason in ten BC patients with different RSs. The peripheral blood of 10 volunteers with BC was obtained, and the peripheral blood mononuclear cells were extracted. After exposed with 2 Gy, survival fraction at 2 Gy (SF2) was calculated by clonogenic assay. γ-H2AX assay was performed for all patients, and apoptosis assay was evaluated for three represented categorized patients. RS of patients showed SF2 and categorized in three groups (high, medium, and low RS). Double-strand breaks (DSBs) were decreased in high radiosensitive patients, but the residual DSBs were clearly higher than other two groups. It is shown that the repair system in these patients is lower active than others. Apoptosis frequency in patient 4 is highly active which could induce the enhancement of her RS. γ-H2AX and apoptosis assays could predict the intrinsic RS, but evaluation of them separately is not sufficient for this aim. It is necessary to consider all the parameters together and consideration of the combination of assays could fit a better prediction of intrinsic RS.

Gomphrena pulchella, commonly known as the button flower, stands as an exotic ornamental species celebrated for its beauty in landscaping, fencing, and potted displays. Gamma irradiation-induced mutation has emerged as a promising strategy for induced-mutant breeding. Nonetheless, the application of gamma radiation on G. pulchella remain limited. This study aimed to determine the optimal effective dose by radio sensitivity test and evaluate the effects of radiations on G. pulchella cutting. The cuttings of G. pulchella were irradiated using acute gamma at 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 Gy. Each treatment consisted of 35 cuttings. The irradiated cuttings were then planted into a perlite medium and after 60 days, the number of survived cuttings, the number of new leaves and shoots, the length of new shoots and days to flower bud emergence were measured. The survival rate of cuttings decreased as the dose of radiation increased. The highest mean survival rate was 97% obtained from the non-irradiated cuttings (0 Gy) followed by 89% from 10 Gy, 94% from 20 Gy, 69% from 40 Gy, 54% from 60 Gy and 31% from 80 Gy and only 9% survival at 100 Gy. Higher radiation rates also decreased the leaves and shoot numbers, shoot length and fluorescent emergence. Based on the survival rate graph, the lethal dose 50% (LD50) value was 59 Gy. The results revealed that gamma irradiation had various effects on the growth of G. pulchella including vegetative and flower development. The value of LD50 will be used to determine the optimal effective dose for further radiation-induced mutation in G. pulchella research.

Changes in Daily Apparent Diffusion Coefficient on Fully Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Correlate With Established Genomic Pathways of Radiation Sensitivity and Reveal Novel Biologic Associations

Background: The outcome of radiation therapy, the duration and quality of life of cancer patients significantly depend on the radiosensitivity (RS) of a cancerous tumor, and the duration of the patient’s relapse-free period is largely determined by the degree of its radioresistance (RR). Today the results of molecular mechanism investigation of cancer radioresistance and the classification of cancer cells according to their radiophenotypes mostly contribute to improving prognosis methods of treatment outcomes and increasing effectiveness of radiation therapy. In this work, we developed a classification method of cancer cells according to their radiosensitivity using machine learning based on the data analysis of clonogenic cell survival under ionizing radiation. Material and methods: The method consists of clustering parameters of experimental dose-effect relationships, which were approximated using the equation of a linear-quadratic (LQ) model, which is used to evaluate RS of cancer cells in radiobiology. The training of the statistical model included published experimental dataset of 96 cancer cell lines, for which parameters a, b and their ratio a/b of the LQ model were determined. Classification of cancer cells according to their radiosensitivity was carried out based on principal component analysis (PCA) in the parameter space (a, a/b), k-means clustering and hierarchical clustering methods. Results: Application of the developed statistical model to a large dataset of cancer cells made it possible to reliably separate radiosensitive and radioresistant (RR) cells into two clusters according to the parameters a and a/b. Application of the model to cancer cells with acquired RR, in which RS was suppressed as a result of exposure to irradiation or hypoxia, allowed tracing the shift of parent cells’ parameters from the RS cluster to the RR cell cluster. To study the genetic mechanisms of radiosensitivity, we performed bioinformatic analysis of the mutation distribution in genes encoding proteins in the cellular signalling pathways of cancer cells, i.e. proliferation, apoptosis, repair of damaged DNA molecules and antioxidant defence cellular system. Conclusion: The developed statistical model of radiophenotypic classification of cancer cells based on their radiosensitivity can be used in the development of radiation therapy treatment plans taking into account radiosensitivity of patient’s tumour. The model may be also helpful in a joint analysis of the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of cancer cells, aiming at the elucidation of the molecular and genetic mechanisms of radiosensitivity and development of biomarkers of radioresistance.

Objective. Equivalent uniform aerobic dose (EUAD) is proposed for comparison of integrated cell survival in tumors with different distributions of hypoxia and radiation dose. Approach. The EUAD assumes that for any non-uniform distributions of radiation dose and oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) within a tumor, there is a uniform distribution of radiation dose under hypothetical aerobic conditions with OER = 1 that produces equal integrated survival of clonogenic cells. This definition of EUAD has several advantages. First, the EUAD allows one to compare survival of clonogenic cells in tumors with intra-tumor and inter-tumor variation of radio sensitivity due to hypoxia because the cell survival is recomputed under the same benchmark oxygen level (OER = 1). Second, the EUAD for homogeneously oxygenated tumors is equal to the concept of equivalent uniform dose. Main results. We computed the EUAD using radiotherapy dose and the OER derived from the 18F-Fluoromisonidazole PET (18F-FMISO PET) images of hypoxia in patients with glioblastoma, the most common and aggressive type of primary malignant brain tumor. The 18F-FMISO PET images include a distribution of SUV (Standardized Uptake Value); therefore, the SUV is converted to partial oxygen pressure (pO2) and then to the OER. The prognostic value of EUAD in radiotherapy for hypoxic tumors is demonstrated using correlation between EUAD and overall survival (OS) in radiotherapy for glioblastoma. The correction to the EUAD for the absolute hypoxic volume that traceable to the tumor control probability improves the correlation with OS. Significance. While the analysis proposed in this research is based on the 18F-FMISO PET images for glioblastoma, the EUAD is a universal radiobiological concept and is not associated with any specific cancer or any specific PET or MRI biomarker of hypoxia. Therefore, this research can be generalized to other cancers, for example stage III lung cancer, and to other hypoxia biomarkers.

The study was conducted at the research field of Nalitabari Sub-station, BINA, Sherpur during the period November 2019 to May 2020 to characterize, evaluate and select promising gladiolus varieties suitable for Bangladesh and to determine the optimum dose of radiation for LD50 for varietal improvement. The parameters studies were plant height, days to 1st flowering, number of leaves per plant, leaf length, leaf breadth, length of spike, length of rachis, number of flower per spike, flower diameter, number of corms per plant, weight of single corm, vase life, per cent germination, per cent survivability, shoot length and root length. The longest plant (154.2 cm) was observed in White Prosperity, while the shortest plant (101.7 cm) was in Regency. The longest leaf (70.3 cm) was found in Red Cascade and the shortest leaf (48.0 cm) was found in Her Majesty. The highest number of floret per spike was produced by Red Cascade (17.3) followed by White Prosperity (17.0). The Regency produced the lowest number (8.0) of floret per spike. The longest vase life (9.3 days) was observed in American Beauty followed by (8.7 days) Red Cascade, while the shortest vase life (5.7 days) was recorded in Wine and Roses. In radio sensitivity test, 30-40 Gy of gamma irradiation would be the optimal dose for inducing useful mutation in gladiolus. Bangladesh J. Nuclear Agric, 37(2): 43-56, 2023

Radon is one of the carcinogenic radioactive gases causing radiological risk to the public via ingestion and inhalation. The 222Rn activity concentrations were estimated in potable water of Benue South (Otukpo and Ado Local Government Areas) using the Tri-Carb 1000 Liquid Scintillation Counter (LSC). 222Rn activity for Ado and Otukpo LGAS ranged from 2.281±1.861 to 27.525±1.861 Bq/L with a mean value of 10.031±1.861 Bq/L and 2.115±0.689 to 11.367±0.689 Bq/L with an arithmetic mean of 7.574±0.689 Bq/L respectively. The radon levels are within the reference level of 100 Bql−1 proposed by the WHO and EU Commission. Nearly 33% of the potable water had radon activity levels exceeding the maximum contamination level of 11.1 Bql−1 proposed by USEPA. The annual average ingestion dose values are lower than the action level of 100 µSvy−1 as proposed by the WHO and EU Commission. The values of dose variations of Annual effective dose (AED) to individuals were found to increase with age and water consumption rates. The estimated mean radio sensitivity for the different age groups followed a decreasing trend of Adults>Children>Infants in both Ado and Otukpo LGAs. The radiation dose for inhalation received by individual lungs from consumption of radon in water samples from Ado and Otukpo LGAs was significantly higher than the corresponding radiations received by the walls of the stomach. In conclusion, there is a possible occurrence of cancerous bronchial epithelium than stomach cancer over time in the study areas due to the consumption of water.

To investigate the effect and mechanism of Anlotinib on radio sensitization of human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549. Human lung adeno carcinoma cell line A549 was teated with anlotinib and/or radiotherapy, then divided four groups, control group (Ctrl), Anlotinib treatment group (A), irradiation group (RT) and Anlotinib combined with irradiation group (A+RT) . CCK8 method was used to determine cell proliferation; the clone formation experiment was used to determine the inhibitory effect on cell growth; flow cytometry was used to determine cell cycle and apoptosis; immunofluorescence of γ-H2AX was used to determine DNA damage; expression of DNA-PKcs were detected by Western blot. Anlotinib inhibited proliferation and clonogenic survival following irradiation. The dose (Dq), the average lethal dose (D0) and the survival score (SF2) in the anlotinib combined radiotherapy group was significantly lower than those in the radiotherapy group. Anlotinib decreased G2/M phase arrest and promoted the cells apoptosis induced by in irradiation. The confocal microscopy results showed the average number of γ-H2AX foci in the A+RT group was more than that in RT group. The protein levels of DNA-PKcs were higher in A+RT group than that in RT group. Anlotinib enhances the radio sensitivity of A549 cells, which may be attributed to the delay DNA damage repair. It provides a rationale strategy by Anlotinib combined with irradiation for NSCLC.

Feasibility study for the evaluation of doses received by organs during medical exposure for pediatric patient undergoing CT scan and estimation of the potential risk of radiation-induced cancers

Comparative Transcriptome Analyses in Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL): Evidence of E2F1 As a Major Target in Aggressive Blastoid MCL Model

The Bone Marrow-Targeted Conditioning Stress Test Demonstrates Vertebrae Niche Being More Radio-Tolerant Than Femur, Indicating Skeleton Resilience and Global Heterogeneity