Wireless Mobile Ad-hoc Networks Research Articles

Retraction Note to: QOS distributed routing protocol for mobile ad-hoc wireless networks using intelligent packet carrying systems

Retraction Note to: QOS distributed routing protocol for mobile ad-hoc wireless networks using intelligent packet carrying systems

Fuzzy logic based cross-layer design to improve Quality of Service in Mobile ad-hoc networks for Next-gen Cyber Physical System

5G standard by 3GGP has provision for Device-to-Device (D2D) communication over a Wireless Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) framework. Recent research and development in 6G Networks and beyond has support for integration of MANET to the Mobile communication infrastructure to cater services to many potential future-proof applications like Smart Vehicular Networks using Internet of Vehicles (IoV) and Flying Ad-hoc Networks (FANET) for drone networks and military Ad-hoc networks. MANET being an Ad-hoc and infrastructure-less network poses major deployment challenge in resource allocation and management to facilitate strict Quality of Service (QoS) requirements for future Internet of Things (IoT) based Next-generation Cyber Physical System (NG-CPS). Most of MANETs use Contention-based Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) random Access Media Access Control (MAC) and a generic TCP/IP stack implementation. It is a daunting task to have deterministic model of network parameters for specific QoS requirements of IoT applications hence a soft-computing approach would be most viable solution considering network parameters across all five layers of TCP/IP stack that is a Cross-Layer design approach to improve QoS. In this paper, we have proposed a Fuzzy Logic system based Cross-Layer (FLS-CL) design for MANET to improve Network QoS parameters like Throughput, Packet Delivery ration (PDR) and End-to-End (E2E) delay. The proposed system has been implemented using Fuzzy Logic based parameters modeling using MATLAB and the Network simulation study using QualNet® simulator. The results are promising with average 27.64 % improvement in PDR and 76.04 % less E2E delay for connection-less UDP-based CBR applications and 3.28 % improvement in PDR and 58.81 % less E2E delay for connection-oriented TCP-based FTP applications. The QoS improvements are achieved with proposed FLS-CL as compared to state-of-the-art IEEE 802.11 based MANET without any FLS cross-layer optimization.

Research on the Convergence Application of Satellite Mobile Communication and Wireless Ad Hoc Network

The article analyzes the networking modes and main features of satellite mobile communications and wireless ad hoc networks, and proposes to build a dual-function terminal of satellite mobile communications and wireless ad hoc networks. By merging the respective advantages of the two communication modes, the application range of satellite mobile communication can be further expanded, and finally exemplified typical application scenarios.

A review on application of MANET-IoT

Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) will be very important for the Internet of Things (IoT). MANET is a decentralized selforganizing wireless network. Every device in MANET is completely free and can move in any direction. The interaction of the Internet of Things with wireless sensors and Mobile Ad-hoc Networks allows for the development of a new MANET-IoT framework. Innovative MANET-IoT systems are created through the interaction between Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and the IoT, which creates numerous design difficulties. Several application domains use MANET-based IoT systems. These systems increase user mobility while reducing costs. At the same time, new complex problems are emerging in the area of networking. This paper analyzes the literature on various MANET-IoT applications using wireless sensor networks (WSNs).

Ns-3-leo: Evaluation Tool for Satellite Swarm Communication Protocols

We present <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ns-3-leo</i> , a module for the discrete event network simulator <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ns-3</i> , which includes models for the network mobility and link characteristics of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite mega-constellations. The initial goal has been to create a simulation environment in which existing routing protocols from the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) areas can be evaluated in these types of networks. To show its capabilities, we performed simulations of the planned satellite constellations of Starlink and Telesat based on publicly available parameters. Through simulations of Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV), we were able to gain valuable insights into the unique challenges presented to these protocols by satellite networks. It is unlikely that existing ad-hoc protocols using distance-vector routing or flooding can be used for broadband internet connectivity and alternative methods of handling large-scale mobility in these networks are needed. However, with ns-3-leo a much needed extension for supporting the development of protocols fulfilling the needs of satellite constellations is provided.

An Improved Multipath Energy Aware On-Demand Routing Protocol for MANETs

With recent advances in the field of wireless network or Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) technologies, usage of mobile device computing technologies is the fastest growing technology. Formerly in the wired network, telephone and cable companies provide wired access to the devices for homes and offices. Today, the tendency is to move to wireless technology. Effective MANETs come across with numerous difficulties and challenges. If a packet is to travel from one host to another host, it needs to pass through many interconnected networks. The accompanying challenges in the network restrict current protocols from routing in MANETs. Also, balancing energy consumption is the major design issues since nodes have restricted energy, memory, bandwidth etc. Thus, the main objective of this research is to design an energy efficient protocol to minimize the energy consumption in MANETs. The main contribution of this research work includes the development of the new routing protocol called Energy Aware on Demand Routing (EADR) protocol for MANETs. This routing protocol approach is to build the new route discovery by evaluating energy consumption, packet loss, throughput and network lifetime. The protocol identification of the new route path by selection of the nodes which have the minimum energy threshold valves for its path to reach the intended destination node in network. The algorithm evaluates in minimizing the packet loss, energy consumption that increased throughput and network life time.

Proliferation of Opportunistic Routing: A Systematic Review

Opportunistic networks (OppNet) a new paradigm emerges after the great advancement of wireless technology and MANETs (Mobile Ad-hoc Networks). Store-Carry-forward phenomena is used to route the messages in OppNets; therefore, it is called delay tolerant network (DTNs). OppNet is such a heterogeneous flexible network that works in hurricane affected regions and volcanoes environment. The objective of this article is to determine, evaluate, elect and synthesize all terrific quality research work on the basis of Research Questions (RQ) which is significant to use for opportunistic routing. Systematic literature review on state-of-the-art researches on routing protocols are presented with comparative analysis. To eliciting relevant work for review, advanced exploration is conducted on contrasting digital libraries. This work gives the opportunity to the readers to understand what has been done in field of Opportunistic Routing (OR), what parameters effect the performance of protocol, name of the organization; who works in this field. At last, issues, challenges, and upcoming future terms of this network are discussed.

Energy-efficient dynamic wireless communication for wireless mobile ad-hoc networks using hybrid cryptography-based acknowledgement method

Energy efficiency continues to be a key factor limiting the ability to deploy ad-hoc networks. Deploying an energyefficient system that maximizes network lifetime has been a major challenge for many years. Many algorithms have been proposed to solve this problem. This paper proposes a new intrusion detection system—Enhanced Adaptive 3 Acknowledgment (EA3ACK)—using the Energy Efficiency Dynamic State (EEDS) algorithm. This algorithm is designed to increase network lifetime and residual energy by constantly monitoring individual nodes in the network, thereby improving the network's quality of service. The Network Simulator (NS2) is used to implement and test the proposed system.

Pragmatic Security-Aware Cross-Layer Design for Wireless Networks from Vampire Attacks

Wireless networks rely on ad hoc communication in an emergency, such as a search and rescue or military missions. WLAN, WiMAX, and Bluetooth are often used in Ad Hoc networks. Using a TCP/IP wireless network poses several challenges. Packet loss in 802.11 may be caused by noise or the network. TCP/IP connects non-adjacent layers of the network, resolving cross-layer communication technology for cross-layer communication. It regulates data transmission energy. This structure solves an issue in various ways. It is often used to improve data transfer. Currently, the OSI reference model's layers and functions are not explicitly connected. Only DCL can send multimedia data via wireless networks. The research employs CLD to improve wireless security—invasions of ad hoc networks (MANETs). The research helps secure wireless MANs (MANETs), Vampire Attack Defense (VAP) algorithms. A Secure Cross-Layer Design SCLD-AHN protocol is included. The paper contributes to controlling security attacks in wireless Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET's). In MANETs effectiveness of Vampire Attack Defense (VAP) algorithms is evaluated and analyzed. It also proposes a Secure Cross-Layer Design for the ad hoc networks (SCLD-AHN) protocol.

Cluster Based Malicious Node Detection System for Mobile Ad-Hoc Network Using ANFIS Classifier

Improvement of efficient packet access in a wireless Mobile Ad-Hoc network (MANET) is vital for achieving high speed data rate. The degradation occurs due to identification of malicious node and hence, reducing the severity will be a complex problem due to similar characteristics with trusty nodes in sensing area. In this work, Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) classifier based defected node identification system is developed. The conviction parameters to be extract of the reliable and malevolent nodes and these parameters are qualified by ANFIS classifier. Further, the individual nodes in MANET are classified in testing mode of classifier. The network performance will be degraded with the increased number of malicious nodes. Certain conditions like packet delivery ratio, throughput, detection rate, energy consumption, and precision value and link failures occur due to malicious node in the network. The anticipated malicious node detection structure be compare by means of the conservative techniques such as Optimized energy efficient routing protocol (OEERP), Low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH), Data routing in network aggregation (DRINA)and Base station controlled dynamic clustering protocol (BCDCP). The proposed ANFIS classifier is designed in Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB) and it can be interfaced with NS2 using “c” programming.

Improving Waste Management System Efficiency and Mobility with Efficient Path MANET

Waste Management System (WMS) is applied in smart cities and is supported by the Internet of Things (IoT). WMS involves several responsibilities, such as collection, disposal, and utilization of waste in relevant facilities. Efficient waste management has a considerable impact on the quality of life of citizens in smart cities. The interaction between wireless sensor networks and mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) with IoT provides excellent mobility for users, and reduces the deployment costs of networks. Data transfer via the intermediate connected devices must be maintained to shorten the distance between the devices. Intelligent routing algorithm is proposed to find efficient paths that comply with the WMS requirement constraints and avoid invalid paths that cause increased computation time. Chromosome intersection operation on genetic-based routing algorithm, intersection activation function, and intersection node table are proposed to avoid the similarity and redundancy of generated paths and keep the validity of the paths. This study improves the path finding, obtains good results, and increases the rate of efficient paths. Results show that the selected path is efficient in terms of distance, number of hops and number of iterations by using the proposed method. In addition, this proposed method outperforms DSR, which offers alternative paths with more efficiency.

Adaptive Key Management-Based Cryptographic Algorithm for Privacy Preservation in Wireless Mobile Adhoc Networks for IoT Applications

Adaptive Key Management-Based Cryptographic Algorithm for Privacy Preservation in Wireless Mobile Adhoc Networks for IoT Applications

Secure intrusion detection system routing protocol for mobile ad‐hoc network

With the recent advancements in the field of wireless networks or Mobile Ad-hoc networks (MANETs), mobile computing is the most powerful use for network communication and connectivity. Effective networks come across with numerous difficulties. Networks need to be able to transmit data with acceptable precision from one system to another. A framework must ensure that the retrieved data is consistent with the transmitted data for most applications. If the frame between the two nodes is distorted in the data-link layer, it must be corrected before having driven to other nodes. However, most protocols with the link-layer simply dismiss the frame and allow the high-layer protocols to pass down the frame. In other words, information is a valuable commodity, since asset information must be protected from threats. Some applications require a network mechanism for detecting and preventing these attacks in MANETs. An important challenge in MANET is building the secure intrusion detection system in network providing security to the nodes and route paths in network. The attacks in network can threaten the security issues which have been identified in the intrusion detection system engine, later it is prevented by intrusion prevention engine in the network. A henceforth new technique to implement the security goals and prevent attacks is implemented by introducing the Secure-Intrusion Detection System (S-IDS) in the network. The research work introduced the Secure Energy Routing (SER) protocol for the MANETs. The protocol solves the issue of security in network by detecting the attacks and preventing them in the network. The simulation results show the higher packet delivery ratio and low end-to-end delay with and without attacks. The protocol performance is good in terms of its packet delivery ratio and low end-to-end delay respectively.

Literature review on network security in Wireless Mobile Ad-hoc Network for IoT applications: network attacks and detection mechanisms

PurposeNowadays, more interest is found among the researchers in MANETs in practical and theoretical areas and their performance under various environments. WSNs have begun to combine with the IoT via the sensing capability of Internet-connected devices and the Internet access ability of sensor nodes. It is essential to shelter the network from attacks over the Internet by keeping the secure router.Design/methodology/approachThis paper plans to frame an effective literature review on diverse intrusion detection and prevention systems in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANETs) highly suitable for security in Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The literature review is focused on various types of attacks concentrated in each contribution and the adoption of prevention and mitigation models are observed. In addition, the types of the dataset used, types of attacks concentrated, types of tools used for implementation, and performance measures analyzed in each contribution are analyzed. Finally, an attempt is made to conclude the review with several future research directions in designing and implementing IDS for MANETs that preserve the security aspects of IoT.FindingsIt observed the different attack types focused on every contribution and the adoption of prevention and mitigation models. Additionally, the used dataset types, the focused attack types, the tool types used for implementation, and the performance measures were investigated in every contribution.Originality/valueThis paper presents a literature review on diverse contributions of attack detection and prevention, and the stand of different machine learning and deep learning models along with the analysis of types of the dataset used, attacks concentrated, tools used for implementation and performance measures on the network security for IoT applications.

New Generation Routing Protocol over Mobile Ad Hoc Wireless Networks based on Neuro-Fuzzy-Genetic Paradigm

New Generation Routing Protocol over Mobile Ad Hoc Wireless Networks based on Neuro-Fuzzy-Genetic Paradigm

Dynamic Routing Protocol for QoS Enhancement in Wireless Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

Dynamic Routing Protocol for QoS Enhancement in Wireless Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

Swarm Security Intelligent Dynamic Networking Algorithm Based on Multiple Constraints

To reduce the security risks and guide management pressure of “mountain-type” scenic areas with steep and changeable topography, this paper combines the idea of swarm security intelligence and proposes a swarm security intelligent dynamic networking algorithm based on multiple constraints to ensure the swarm safety of the tour group and relieve the management pressure of tour guide through the dynamic group and the self-discovery after leaving the group. Based on multiple constraints such as signal strength, power consumption and fault probability etc, the algorithm optimizes the network topology in real-time, which can effectively reduce the high false-positive rate o f leaving the group due to node failure. Secondly, the algorithm constructs the Spf constrained fitness function and introduces the ant colony optimization algorithm to avoid the situation that the optimal routing path falls into the local optimal solution. Finally, the algorithm converts the adjacency matrix composed of routing table and node connection signals into areachable matrix to judge whether the member has left the group and reduce the false-negative rate of group loss in the case of multi-node connection. Experimental results show that the algorithm has good stability and robustness in mobile wireless adhoc networks

Analysis of Learning Techniques for Performance Prediction in Mobile Adhoc Networks

Current advancements in cellular technologies and computing have provided the basis for the unparalleled exponential development of mobile networking and software availability and quality combined with multiple systems or network software. Using wireless technologies and mobile ad-hoc networks, such systems and technology interact and collect information. To achieve the Quality of Service (QoS) criteria, the growing concern in wireless network performance and the availability of mobile users would support a significant rise in wireless applications. Predicting the mobility of wireless users and systems performs an important role in the effective strategic decision making of wireless network bandwidth service providers. Furthermore, related to the defect-proneness, self-organization, and mobility aspect of such networks, new architecture problems occur. This paper proposes to predict and simulate the mobility of specific nodes on a mobile ad-hoc network, gradient boosting devices defined for the system will help. The proposed model not just to outperform previous mobility prediction models using simulated and real-world mobility instances, but provides better predictive accuracy by an enormous margin. The accuracy obtained helps the suggested mobility indicator in Mobile Adhoc Networks to increase the average level of performance.

New Generation Routing Protocol over Mobile Ad Hoc Wireless Networks based on Neuro-Fuzzy-Genetic Paradigm

New Generation Routing Protocol over Mobile Ad Hoc Wireless Networks based on Neuro-Fuzzy-Genetic Paradigm

Exploiting Wireless Networks, through creation of Opportunity Network – Wireless-MobileAdhoc-Network (W-MAN) Scheme

Exploiting Wireless Networks, through creation of Opportunity Network – Wireless-MobileAdhoc-Network (W-MAN) Scheme