Races Of Europe Research Articles

Review of 'The Races of Europe: Construction of National Identities in the Social Sciences, 1839-1939'

Review of 'The Races of Europe: Construction of National Identities in the Social Sciences, 1839-1939'

Mapping Moral Geographies: W. Z. Ripley's Races of Europe and the United States

Racia and anthropometric cartography produced and reinforced biological, intellectual, and moral hierarchies and was situated within wider scientific racial discourses of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The practice of mapping “race” based on the widespread collection of anthropometric measurements occupied both European and New World anthropologists and geographers. My discussion centers on the work of American economist and anthropogeographer, W. Z. Ripley, who in 1899 published a widely acclaimed text on The Races of Europe. This work is contextualized and informed both by Victorian obsessions with categorizing racial hierarchies and by specifically American racial discourses that included concerns over increasing immigration from southern and eastern Europe and the threat immigration posed to the Anglo-Saxon ruling elite. Using the conceptual framework developed by J. B. Harley and other recent contributions to critical cartography, this article focuses on Ripley's use of cartographic images to support his tripartite racial scheme for Europe, and explores his projection of a “moral geography” onto European and, in turn, American landscapes and populations. Central to this analysis are the links between anthropogeography, environmentalism, heredity, and American immigration, all key elements in Ripley's racial science.

America's Melting Pot Reconsidered

America is God's Crucible, the great Melting Pot where all the races of Europe are melting and fe-forming! Here you stand, good folk, think 1, when I see them at Ellis Island, here you stand in your fifty groups, with your fifty languages and histories, and your fifty blood hatreds and rivalries. But you won't be long like that, brothers, for these are the fires of God you've come to-these are fires of God. A fig for your feuds and vendettas! Germans and Frenchmen, Irishmen and Englishmen, Jews and Russians-into the Crucible with you all! God is making the American.

Zangwill's "The Melting Pot": Ethnic Tensions on Stage

author, opened at Columbia Theater in Washington, D.C. Entitled The Melting Pot,' it told story of David Quixano, a Jewish immigrant who came to United States after his family was slaughtered in a Russian pogrom. During course of play, David writes a great symphony falls in love with a Russian Christian noblewoman. In final scene symphony receives great acclamation, David wins Vera for himself. The opening night audience responded enthusiastically to play. According to Mrs. Zangwill, opening was a great success, theater manager told her husband, 'It's hell of a success for you.' There were cries for Zangwill after every scene, President Roosevelt himself joined in applause. During play he sat next to Mrs. Zangwill and positively raved. When Zangwill took his bows afterward, the President shouted across theater, 'that's a great play, Mr. Zangwill.' 2 This warm reception suggests that The Melting Pot presented a picture that was attractive to many Americans. Throughout drama David argues that United States is a land of universal love brotherhood. He sees it as a place in which divisions among men will soon disappear. Early in first act he proclaims America to be God's Crucible, great Melting Pot, where all races of Europe are melting re-forming! At Ellis Island, he says, they stand in fifty groups with as many languages histories, as many hatreds rivalries. But immigrants will change, for they have come to fires of God. A fig for your feuds vendettas! Germans Frenchmen, Irishmen Englishmen, Jews Russiansinto Crucible with you all! God is making American. David reiterates this vision in play's final scene. Gazing over a brilliant

Carleton S. Coon, The Origin of Races

The author of the book under review is well known in physical anthropology for his investigations of the racial composition of the peoples of North Africa, excavations in Iran, and many other works. Extensive writings of a theoretical nature on the races of Europe, and on general problems of the study of races and of anthropogenesis, have also come from his pen.

The races of Europe: myths and facts.

The races of Europe: myths and facts.

Cuckoo Problems

THIS is the most exhaustive work on the biology of the cuckoo that has yet appeared. The author's qualifications for writing it are unique, for not only has he studied the habits and economy of birds of this family for nearly seventy years, but also he has obtained far and away the most complete collection of cuckoos' eggs, together with the eggs of their fosterers, that has ever been got together, for practically all the known genera, species and races of Europe and Asia are represented, besides some from other countries. Moreover, the work of other investigators is not neglected in discussing the various problems dealt with in this book. Cuckoo Problems By E. C. Stuart Baker. Pp. xvi + 207 + 12 plates. (London: H. F. and G. Witherby, Ltd., 1942.) 25s. net.

The Races of Europe.

The Races of Europe.

(1) The Races of Europe (2) The Races of Central Europe

(1) The Races of Europe (2) The Races of Central Europe

The Races of Europe.

The Races of Europe.

African Sculpture

At first sight this sub-title may appear somewhat paradoxical, for what could be in greater contrast than the things denoted by the words ‘primitive’ and ‘European’? On the one hand, civilization with its highly developed technical methods in everything practical and theoretical, on the other, the world of simplicity in all practical activities. There—a mighty movement of expansion, irresistibly drawing into its sphere of influence all primitive life, to transform or destroy it, and in either case to make what remains of the primitive peoples and their countries do it service; here—vain resistance against the superior strength of the European, or the doubtful attempt to conform to European ideals. In the face of successful colonization by the cultured races of Europe, the last thing to be expected was any influence on Europe by the primitive peoples. Nevertheless, such an influence certainly exists, and that in the realm of art. After the period of realistic Impressionism in the last decades of the nineteenth century, a strong movement flowed through the art world of Europe, finding its most permanent expression as Futurism in Italy, Cubism in France, and Expressionism in Germany. This movement in Germany, in opposition to Realism, made it one of its principles to observe and express not the external but the interior world, while in France the desire for bold drawing of a decorative character prevailed. Both tendencies culminated in an art movement which felt for the primitive works of art a sympathy due to a sense of relationship: the Cubist appreciated their inherent architectural character, and the Expressionists the mystic emotional content.

Recent Thought on the Problem of White Acclimatization in the Wet Tropics

5W < ITHIN the past few years there has been a renascence of interest in the problem of white acclimatization and colonization in the wet tropics. One reason for renewed interest is the close relationship of acclimatization to world food supply in the face of increasing population. Fear that the time is not far distant when the arable lands of the intermediate zones will be unable to support the rapidly increasing white populations of the earth, directs attention to the sparsely populated tropics as potential sources of food and possibly also as a future home for surplus white peoples. To quote one of many similar expressions, When the great valleys of the Amazon and the Congo are occupied by a white population more food will be produced in these regions than is now produced in all the rest of the inhabited world.' William Z. Ripley, in his book, The Races of Europe, published in 1899, reviewed in a fairly thoroughgoing fashion the literature on acclimatization up to that date. He writes: Summarizing the views of authorities upon this subject, the almost universal opinion seems to be that true colonization in the tropics by the white race is impossible.2 For the literature on acclimatization which has appeared since 1899, the date of Ripley's book, no satisfactory summary in English existed until 1923, when Dr. Andrew Balfour, Director of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, published in The Lancet three papers with bibliographies on that subject.3 He states his own opinion as follows: So far as the race is concerned I am persuaded that the hot and humid tropics are not suited to white colonization and never will be with our present knowledge, even if they are rendered as free from disease as England. In the present paper the writer has attempted to summarize the trend of thought in the writings and research of recent authors on tropical acclimatization, almost exclusively those of the medical profession, for it is they who are best qualified to speak on the sub-

The Problem of Colour in Relation to the Idea of Equality

The subject of discussion this evening is “ The Problem of Colour in Relation to the Idea of Equality,” and though the last seven words would seem to indicate some special limitation, it is in fact difficult to divide this question into watertight compartments. For the basis of all philosophical study is accuracy of definition, and we must therefore begin by forming a precise conception of what the phrase “ Colour problem ” connotes before we proceed to discuss its bearing from a physiological, political, or sociological “ equality ” point of view. Thus at the outset we find ourselves in the very heart of a controversy, for it is difficult to find two people who will agree as to the definition of the Colour problem. Physiologically there is no line of demarcation, for of the inhabitants of North Central Asia many are as light—and indeed lighter—in the colour of their skin, their hair and their eyes than the Southern races of Europe, and the same may be true of Creoles, Quadroons, and Octaroons.

The Races of Europe

The Races of Europe

Book Review: A New Map Showing the Races of Europe

Book Review: A New Map Showing the Races of Europe

The Alpine Races in Europe

THIS paper is an attempt to interpret the admitted distribution of human types in Central and Eastern Europe, both in modern times and in successive periods of antiquity, partly in connection with similar though scantier evidence from adjacent regions of Western Asia, partly as conditioned by changes in the distribution of land and water, and of climate and vegetation, which are indicated by recent work in palaogeography, as far back as the Ice Age and the period immediately preceding it. For convenience of reference, I propose to limit myself almost exclusively to data which are accessible in a few standard works and fairly well-known papers: for anthropology, to Deniker's 'Races de l'Europe,' 1897; 'The Races of Man' (E. T.), 1900; and his Huxley Memorial Lecture (1904) in Journ. Anthr. Inst., 34, 1810; and to Ripley's 'Races of Europe,' 1900: in palaeogeography, to Suess, ' The Face of the Earth,' 1 (E. T. Oxford, 1904); and to Ratzel's papers, Die Ursprung und Wanderung der Volker geographisch betrachtet, in Ber. i Verh. d. k. Sachs. Ges. Wiss. Leipzig, 50 (1898), 52 (1900). It is to the last named that I owe the suggestive treatment of the conditions in Eastern Europe, which started me on the present inquiry. On the statical aspect of the matter there is practical unanimity, though the evidence is still incomplete here and there, and in detail. Presentations of the anthropology of Europe as different superficially as those of Ripley and Deniker agree on closer analysis in recognizing three main types: (1) the long-headed dark Homo Mediterraneus, bounded northwards by the Alpine barrier, but with littoral offshoots along the Atlantic seaboard; (2) the long-headed blonde H, borealis, disposed

Some Resemblances Between The Religious and Magical Ideas of Modern savage Peoples and those of The Pre-Historic Non-Celtic races of Europe

Some Resemblances Between The Religious and Magical Ideas of Modern savage Peoples and those of The Pre-Historic Non-Celtic races of Europe

The Language and Origin of the Basques

THE Basques or Euskaldunak (i.e. “the Men”), as they call themselves, are a most remarkable people who have long been an interesting problem to ethnologists. The most anomalous point about the Basques is their language, which is as typically agglutinative as any Asiatic or American tongue. Ripley, in his fine book “The Races of Europe,” points out that the verb habitually includes all pronouns, adverbs and other allied parts of speech; as an example of the appalling complexity possible as a result, Bladé gives fifty forms in the third person singular of the present indicative of the regular verb “to give” alone. Another often quoted example of the effect of such agglutination occurs in a reputed Basque word meaning “the lower field of the high hill of Azpicuelta,” which runs,

The Races of Europe: A Sociological Study. (Lowell Institute Lectures.) By WILLIAM Z. RIPLEY, Ph. D. Accompanied by a Supplementary Bibliography of the Anthropology and Ethnology of Europe, published by the Public Library of the City of Boston. Pp. xxxii, 624; x, I60. Price, $6.00. New York : D. Appleton &amp; Co., I899. The Races of Man: An Outline of

The Races of Europe: A Sociological Study. (Lowell Institute Lectures.) By WILLIAM Z. RIPLEY, Ph. D. Accompanied by a Supplementary Bibliography of the Anthropology and Ethnology of Europe, published by the Public Library of the City of Boston. Pp. xxxii, 624; x, I60. Price, $6.00. New York : D. Appleton &amp; Co., I899. The Races of Man: An Outline of

The Races of Europe: a Sociological Study

IT has been reserved for an American anthropologist to give us the first comprehensive work on the races of Europe, a subject which is as fascinating as it is important. The Races of Europe: a Sociological Study. By William Z. Ripley Pp. 624; and bibliography, pp. 160. 222 portrait types; 86 maps and diagrams, and other illustrations. (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner and Co., Ltd., 1900.)