Quoted Research Articles

Optimalisasi Tindak Tutur Direktif Guru Terhadap Pembentukan Karakter Siswa dalam Proses Pembelajaran

This study aims to describe the use of teachers' directive speech acts in students' character-building during the learning process. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Primary data was collected in the form of speech from teachers in the form of directive speech acts. Primary data sources were obtained through direct observation or observation in the field. Secondary data were collected by recording. The subjects in this study were 11 subject teachers. Secondary data sources were obtained through documentation and direct recording. Data analysis went through six steps, including data collection, data simplification, data presentation, data classification, data interpretation, and conclusion drawing. In this study, the interaction conditions observed include: when entering the classroom, when starting the lesson, during the lesson, when the teacher gives assignments to students when the teacher asks for assignments from students, when the teacher asks students to correct the assignments, when concluding the lesson, and when ending the lesson. The conclusion is that the most dominant directive speech acts used are invitations, orders, and requests. The characteristics formed include discipline, religion, respect, curiosity, enthusiasm, responsibility, independence, hard work, collaboration, caring, and honesty.
 Keywords: directive speech acts, character, learning.

SPEECH ACTS USED BY JO MARCH IN MOVIE “LITTLE WOMEN 2019”

This research studies the speech acts of Jo March the main character in the movie Little Women 2019 and aims to find out the type and form of speech acts in Jo's utterances and which one is the most dominant. The speech act is a theory that examines the meaning of language based on the relationship between utterances and actions performed by speakers and hearers to communicate something. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method to obtain data. The writer collected data by watching the movie of Little Women 2019. In investigating Jo's speech acts, this study applied Searle's (1979) theory of speech acts in analyzing the utterances produced by Jo in the movie Little Women. There are five types of speech acts used by Jo, including assertive with 5 utterances, directive with 10 utterances, commissive with 6 expressive utterances with 9 utterances, and declarative with 2 utterances. So, the amount of data is 32 data and the most dominant speech act used by Jo is the directive speech act.

Study of Directive Speech Acts in Online Loans Advertisement Discourse

Study of Directive Speech Acts in Online Loans Advertisement Discourse

A Pragmatic Analysis of Doctor Strange’s Directive Utterances in Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness Movie

This study aims to identify the directive speech act used by Doctor Strange as a main character based on the theory proposed by Yule and to explain how the directives in the movie Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness are applied. This research applied descriptive qualitative study and used the movie as the object. The study used the protagonist’s directive utterances as data. The results showed four types of directive speech acts: commanding, ordering, requesting, and suggesting. The study showed that 50 directive utterances consisted of 16 data of commanding, 17 data of ordering, 12 data of requesting, and 5 data of suggesting. After analyzing 50 data, it was found that ordering was the most dominant type of Doctor Strange’s directive utterances in the movie Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness. It indicated that Doctor Strange had all the power to fight against the enemy and was stronger than others.

THE PROCESS OF FORMING THE LANGUAGE COMPETENCE OF STUDENTS STUDYING FOREIGN LANGUAGES

This article raises topical issues related to teaching English. The main issue of the study is the formation of language competence among junior students who speak a foreign language at the Intermediate level. The purpose of this study is to form the language competence of students studying foreign languages in the course "Practical grammar of the English language by two modules: direct speech and the sequence of tenses". The article presents the exact facts and provisions, which increases the value of this work. The authors rely on the Concept of foreign language education of the Republic of Kazakhstan, national and foreign literature, analysis of the views of Kunanbayeva S.S., Galskova N.D., Shchukin A.N. and Safonova V.V., Larsen-Freeman D. and Anderson M. A distinctive feature of this article is that it offers an unconventional method of teaching English grammar: automation of grammatical knowledge, skills, and skills of students based on a competence-based approach. This article is a scientific work reflecting the results of the conducted research. The paper analyzes the experimental work, focuses on the effectiveness of the competence-based approach in teaching a foreign language, the conclusions are presented in the form of tables and diagrams, the features of the application of the competence-based approach in the process of teaching junior students are clarified. It is worth noting that the authors have proposed a model for the formation of students' language competence. The model consists of four stages: Perception of the model, Imitation of the model, Substitution and transformation, Communication This article may be useful for teachers of higher educational institutions and students of language specialties. Key words: competence, language competence, foreign language education, the concept of foreign language, language specialties.

Exchange Rate Responses and Volatility Spillover Effects during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

This paper aims to assess the impact of the confirmed COVID-19 cases, the timing of the outbreak, and physical measures on the returns and spillover effects of exchange rate in Indonesia. The model will be tested by the exponential generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic (EGARCH) process and the spillover volatility index. The study discovers that the confirmed cases, outbreak news, and the implementation of large-scale social restrictions simultaneously contribute to a leverage effect on the volatility of a direct quote of Indonesian Rupiah to Australian Dollar, Euro, US Dollar, Singapore Dollar, and Great British Pound. To a certain extent, the heatwave as well as the meteor-shower effects as a result of clustering events and intense spillover effects in the currency market of Indonesia are observed.

THE USE OF SIMPLE SENTENCES AND DIRECT SPEECH IN "BABURNAMA"

The manuscript of "Baburnama", common to the Turkic peoples, which is an example of the memoir genre, provides all the basic information about the sights in which the author himself lived and traveled. Zahir ad Din Mohammed Babur, whose life was connected with military campaigns and conquests, tried in every way to reveal his life path, which has historical significance in the literary heritage of "Baburnama". In his work, Babur realistically depicted the lifestyle of that era, and in the text of the work he used an autobiographical approach through the replicas addressed to him. This relic, filled with important information about Central Asia, Afghanistan and India, contains the author's reflections, scientific and educational comments. From the point of view of the author of the text of each part, the type of presentation is determined and the structure of the general text can be based on the system of introduction, main part, generalization. In this article, taking into account grammatical and lexical elements, Baburnama describes the functions, usage and types of simple sentences and words used by the author, and is reasoned by language analysis. Examples of simple sentences of the Kazakh language such as zhakty/zhaksyz, tolymdy/tolymsyz and nominal sentence, the methods of formation of direct speech are explained and compared with the use in the modern Kazakh language, its form and content character are determined.

Tindak Tutur Direktif Guru PAUD EBTA dalam Proses Belajar Mengajar Sebagai Pemerolehan Bahasa Anak 4 Tahun

A child's mastery of a language begins with the acquisition of the first language, which is often called the mother tongue. Apart from the mother tongue, which plays a role in children's language acquisition, the language of teachers at school also plays a role in the development of children's language acquisition and learning. In schools, language use is a reality of teacher-student communication interactions that take place in teaching and learning activities. The teacher's use of language with students in conversations in class, especially the teacher's speech, Speech acts are speech events because they involve parties speaking in certain situations and places. These two symptoms occur in one process, namely the communication process. The teacher's speech acts referred to in this research are directive speech acts. Directive speech acts have an important role in children's language acquisition because they are carried out by the speaker with the intention that the listener performs the action mentioned in the speech. This research aims to (1) describe the forms of directive speech acts used by teachers in the teaching and learning process in language acquisition for 4-year-old children at EBTA Paud and (2) describe teachers' directive speech strategies in the teaching and learning process at EBTA Paud. The data source in this research is the speeches of teachers who teach at EBTA Early Childhood Education. The data collection techniques used in this research are recording techniques and note-taking techniques. The results of the research found that the use of speech acts in the form of directive speech in the teaching and learning process by teachers at EBTA Early Childhood Education was orders, requests, or hopes, suggesting, advising, and challenging. There are two speaking strategies used by teachers in the teaching and learning process at Paud EBTA, namely the strategy of speaking frankly without preamble and the strategy of speaking frankly with positive politeness.

Intertextuality and the Book of Revelation in the Slovene Translation of Bulgakov’s The White Guard

The first part of the research presents the works of one of the greatest contemporary Russian writers, Mikhail Afanisiejvich Bulgakov while further on focusing on the analysis of intertextual devices that Bulgakov uses to establish intertextual connections between his first novel The White Guard and the apocalyptic Book of Revelation in the only Slovene translation by Marjan Poljanec (1973). The numerous allusions and direct quotes from the Book of Revelation convey a special meaning attributed to the apocalyptic text in Bulgakov’s masterpiece. The present paper is interested in the extent, if there is any, to which the intertextual elements are preserved in the Slovene translation and which strategies Poljanec used to preserve them.

Investigation of the factors affecting the curriculum fidelity of teachers working at different types of schools


 
 
 
 
 The purpose of this study is to examine the factors affecting the curriculum fidelity of teachers working in different types of school. In the study, case study design from qualitative research designs was used. The participants of the study werre teachers working in primary, secondary and high school types in publice school affiliated to the Ministry of National Education in rural district in a province located in the Northers Anatolia region of Türkiye in the fall semester of the 2022-2023 academic year. The participants was determined by convenient sampling method. The data of the study were obtained through a semi-structured interview form. The research data were analyzed using the thematic analysis method in accordance with qualitative research and findings were determined. While determining the findings, themes and categories were obtained and direct quotations were included to reflect the teachers' opinions. As a result of the research; It was determined that they expressed the opinion that curriculum characteristics, institutional characteristics, student characteristics, geographical conditions, family structure, social development of students, centralized education system, high-stakes tests, and pre-service and in-service training that teachers receive affect teachers' curriculum fidelity.
 
 
 

Ailelere Göre Sosyal Bilgiler Dersinde Ne Öğretilmeli?

In this qualitative research; It was determined that which subjects the parents of secondary school students wanted to be taught in the social studies course and which subjects they found important. It has been determined that many studies have been conducted on the Social Studies Curriculum, but no such qualitative study has been conducted on the subjects that parents want to be taught in the social studies course. Qualitative research method was used in the research and critical case sampling, which is one of the purposeful sampling types, was used to determine the participants. A semi-structured interview form was used to collect data. The data obtained from the interviews were given in the form of themes, categories and codes. In addition, direct quotations are included to show the views of the parents in detail. According to the results of the meeting; The subjects that parents want to be taught in the social studies course are arranged according to the learning areas in the social studies curriculum. It is determined that the parents expressed their opinions on the achievements in the learning areas of "Active Citizenship" and "Individual and Society" the highest and "Global Connections" the lowest. However, it is seen that they do not express their opinions about the learning areas of "Culture and Heritage" and "People, Places and Environments". It has been determined that parents need detailed information about the learning areas in the Social Studies Curriculum and the acquisitions related to these areas.

Multimodal metapragmatics of German advertising discourse

The article analyzes metacommunicative utterances in German advertising discourse, which proves the possibility of integrating metapragmatics with multimodal pragmatics. Metapragmatics studies metacommunication, i. e. the organization and management of speech interaction by means of linguistics. Multimodal pragmatics focuses on the properties of linguistic units in discourse types, which are based on the combination of several sensory and communicative modes. Multimodal metacommunicative utterances use combination of several sensory and communicative modes to express meanings regarding the course of communication itself. German advertising discourse shows two types of metacommunicative utterances according to the criterion of authorship: protagonist’s and advertiser’s comments. The protagonist’s comments are about his speech act and about himself. The advertiser’s comments are about the protagonist, utilitarian information, image and product quality. Metacommunicative utterances can be placed in almost all structural parts of the advertising text: visual context, title, subtitle, main text, slogans, enter utilitarian information and be integrated into the product image or logo. Serving as a local strategy for attracting and maintaining contact with the recipient, metacommunicative utterances belong to perlocutionary intensifiers, which aim to increase their influence on him in order to achieve perlocutionary success – to encourage the recipient to buy a product or use a service. At the same time, a discursive act of metacommunicative contactive is realized, which can be explicit or implicit. The indicating devices of its explicitness are: lexemes of locutionary, illocutionary, perlocutionary and epistemic semantics; prepositions, pronominal adverbs and pronouns that correlate in terms of content with the previous or following utterances; graphic means of direct speech. If such indicating devices are not available, the metacommunicative utterance implements an implicit metacommunicative contactive, where the metacommunicative component of meaning is contained in the implicature. From a structural point of view, metacommunicative utterances are declarative, exclamatory, imperative and interrogative sentences, as well as parenthetical phrases.

Speech Acts Revisited: Examining Illocutionary Speech Acts in Speeches of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk

Pragmatics is an interdisciplinary subfield of applied linguistics that investigates the meaning in context. One of its research areas, speech acts, provides important implications on how the meaning behind the utterances is perceived and what effect it may have on the hearer. Theories and classifications proposed by Austin (1962) and Searle (1979) are particularly useful in understanding the hidden meaning and its effect on the audience. Political discourse is directly connected with speech acts and there is a body of research that focuses on the classification of illocutionary acts embedded within speeches of politicians. In this regard, the present research aimed to analyze illocutionary speech acts of two speeches of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk;speech at the 10th anniversary of Turkish Republic and Address to Turkish Youth which was a part of his great speech that he delivered to deputies and representatives of the Republican Party on 15th-20th October 1927 by employing qualitative content analysis on English translations of the speeches. Subsequent to meticulous analysis, the present qualitative study concluded that Ataturk used more speech acts in his speech at the 10th anniversary of the Turkish Republic than his Address to Turkish Youth. Speech acts in his speech at the 10th anniversary of the Turkish Republic primarily featured expressive, representative, commissive and directive speech acts while his Address to Turkish Youth featured representative and commissive, directive, expressive speech acts, respectively.In total, the most used speech acts were representatives, followed by expressives, commissives and directives. No declaration speech act was observed in either speech.

AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE ON GOAL SETTING AND INTERDISCIPLINARY COLLABORATION WITHIN REABLEMENT PROGRAMS

Abstract Over the last two decades, reablement has been studied and implemented in more than 16 countries. It is a person-centred approach aiming to enhance individuals’ (physical) functioning and increase or maintain their independence in meaningful activities. Goal setting and interdisciplinary collaboration are identified as important key elements of reablement. Due to limited intervention descriptions in the scientific literature, it is not clear how these two elements are applied in practice. This hinders the uptake of reablement services among healthcare care providers on national and international level. This study aimed to provide insight into: (1) goal setting; and (2) interdisciplinary collaboration within reablement programs. Therefore, a qualitative study in Norway and the Netherlands was conducted. In both countries, reablement staff (n=14) was interviewed. Data was analysed using both deductive and inductive content analysis. To increase rigor in terms of credibility, transferability, dependability and conformability; member checking, uniform data collection methods, note-taking, and direct quotations were used to analyse and present the data in this study. These focus groups resulted in, on the one hand, a clear overview of procedures regarding goal setting, treatment and evaluation methods, and on the other hand, valuable insights into staff experiences regarding interdisciplinary collaboration. In addition, facilitators and barriers for the implementation of goal setting and interdisciplinary collaboration in reablement programs were identified. This study resulted in valuable knowledge for healthcare providers to effectively implement reablement in practice.

Argot translation in S. Dovlatov’s prose (based on the translation of “Pushkin Hills” and “Craft” into Spanish and Portuguese)

Using the example of translations of the novella “Pushkin Hills” and the novel “Craft” into Portuguese (Brazilian national version) and Pyrenean version and Argentine national version of Spanish, the article analyzes the strategies for translating prison slang vocabulary discovered in S. D. Dovlatov’s writings. Prison jargon is an important element of the writer’s idiosyncrasy, and it is found in almost all his texts. For example, Dovlatov often uses prison jargon to define his characters by linguistic means, in their direct speech. The cultural marking of the Russian prison-camp jargon is particularly difficult to translate. Due to historical circumstances in the twentieth century, many lexemes from prison jargon moved into colloquial speech, while maintaining a special expressiveness and connotations. Prison jargon is present in all languages and cultures, however, as a rule, it is used by a rather narrow circle of people, while for people far from the prison environment, the meanings of these jargonisms are unclear. As a result, the translation of jargonisms in which the Russian reader of Dovlatov instantly reads the implicit information referring to the prison environment poses a difficult task for translators, as in most cases there are no connotative equivalents in the translation language. Within the framework of the communicative-functional approach, due to the comparative analysis of translated texts, the article examines the translation strategies used by translators to convey the stylistic originality and expressiveness of prison jargon found on the pages of S. Dovlatov’s works. The analysis of the translated texts has demonstrated that due to the fact that the prison jargon used by the writer mainly refers to the layer of non-equivalent vocabulary, in order to achieve the communicative equivalence of the translation texts, translators turn to both the strategy of foreignization and the strategy of domestication, adapting the text to the culture of translation; often slang and reduced expressions are replaced in translation by stylistically neutral ones; in some cases, translators also turn to free translation (for example, when translating puns). Such translation substitutions inevitably lead to distortions of the author’s intention and to the loss of some expressions of the original text. Nevertheless, the reception of Dovlatov’s works by foreign readers demonstrates that the translation of his prose with at least partial preservation of cultural and stylistic originality is possible.

The Category of Evidentiality and the Mechanisms of its Expression in Kartvelian Proverbs

Evidentiality is a universal morphosyntactic category of text that can be expressed by morphological, syntactic and lexical means. However, its linguistic expression is diverse not only in non-related but also in related languages (Margiani, Kurdadze, Lomia 2019: 427). Evidentiality as a universal grammatical category “is directly linked to the semantics of the utterance, expressing the attitude of the speaker to the provided information and pointing to the reliable source (direct or indirect) of information“ (Margiani, Kurdadze, Lomia 2019: 17). The category of evidentiality is expressed on the levels of text and discourse by various means, of which the construction with indirect speech is of utmost importance. Special literature has proved that “indirect speech is historically secondary. It is obtained as a result of processing-transformation of direct speech“ (Kvachadze 1977:441). An empirical analysis has yielded proverbs of simple structure that are expressed by means of subordinate clauses only. Such proverbs are especially productive in the Kartvelian languages. The main clause in such proverbs implies the present and past tense forms of verbs of saying (‘they say’, ‘it is said’, ‘they have said’ and so on). These verbs are omitted due to ellipsis. Such proverbs mention neither a speaker nor an addressee. In such cases, the omitted part (i.e. the main clause) is compensated by particles like Georgian o which indicate indirect speech.Indirect speech particles are distributed among the Kartvelian languages as follows: It should be underlined that in Kartvelian proverbs the indirect speech particles of the 3rd person are used systematically while the particles of the 1st and 2nd persons are extremely rare. This can be explained by the fact that the indirect speech particle of the 3rd person in the Kartvelian proverbs generalises the expressed viewpoint and enhances the reliability of the context.The use of the indirect speech particles in Georgian, Megrelian, Laz and Svan can also be analysed from the viewpoint of evidentiality. As it is known from the scholarly literature, evidentiality is expressed both morphologically and semantically in the Kartvelian languages. Different types of evidentiality are expressed differently on various language levels. For instance, in Georgian, evidentiality is expressed by perfect forms of verbs, by lexical means, by indirect speech markers, by evidential particles, etc. (Topadze-Gäumann 2011). Interestingly enough, in the Kartvelian proverbs evidentiality can have single (morphological or syntactic), double, and even multiple markers. In the latter case, it is simultaneously expressed by indirect speech particles and by evidential tenses. However, it should be noted that the natural structure of Georgian paremiological units is represented by evidential forms with single markers (mostly indirect speech particles).

Tindak Tutur Direktif Pada Kumpulan Cerpen Rokat Tase Karya Muna Masyari

The aim of this research is to describe and analyze the form of directive speech acts and the background of the speech in the short story collection Rokat Tase by Muna Masyari. This research is a type of qualitative research. The approach used is a sociopragmatic approach. The data collection techniques used are listening techniques and note-taking techniques. The instrument used is a data card for the classification of forms of directive speech acts. The analysis technique used is descriptive analysis technique. Presentation of the results of data analysis is carried out informally. The forms of directive speech acts found were (9) directive speech acts of giving advice, (31) directive speech acts of commands, (8) directive speech acts of requests, (3) directive speech acts of ordering, and () directive speech acts of criticism. Meanwhile, the background causes of speech are influenced by physical environmental factors, social influences, culture, social status, social relationships and work. This research can have implications for literature learning at junior high school level.

On Being Tongue-Tied: Franchise, Fluency, and Precarity in Montaigne’s ‘De la vanité’

Abstract Drawing attention to a key but overlooked moment in Montaigne’s ‘De la vanité’, this article interrogates the relationship between two aspects of the essayist’s ‘franchise’: his personal freedom and his frank, direct speech. It offers a reading that runs counter to Montaigne’s self-characterization as ‘le plus libre et moins endebté’ person he knows, underscoring the precarity of his ‘franchise’ and his anxieties surrounding it. In this context, ‘franchise’ is shown to be hemmed in by a cluster of obligations, even as the essayist seeks to escape them. In contrast to the critical interest in Montaigne’s reflections on free-thinkers and courageous speakers, including Socrates, Seneca and Cato the Younger, and complementing studies that have highlighted the motif of babble and loquacity in the Essais, this article focuses on Montaigne seeing himself in a frightful inversion of ‘franchise’: the looking glass of Lyncestes and the story of his death as a consequence of his disfluency. Reading ‘franchise’ in this light helps us to learn what Montaigne considered one of the first lessons worth learning: the difference between ‘liberté’ and ‘licence’.

FORMS OF INTERTEXT IN “ANNE OF GREEN GABLES” BY L.M. MONTGOMERY

This paper analyzes different forms of intertext (biblical, artistic, and mythological) in L.M. Montgomery’s bestselling novel Anne of Green Gables in order to determine the novel’s intertextual connections with various phenomena of literature and art, and explore how the meanings of these intertextual elements are transformed in Anne of Green Gables as opposed to their original sources. While the plot of Anne Shirley’s growing up unravels locally (in a small Canadian town named Avonlea), it is also part of a broader cultural context, which is represented largely by intertextual means (direct and indirect quotations, allusions to the works by R. Browning, H.C. Andersen, W. Shakespeare, L. Carroll, W. Scott et al.). In this way, the author emphasizes Anne’s romantic worldview, her open-mindedness and vivid interest in literature, art and nature. By referencing the works of W. Shakespeare and S.T. Coleridge, L.M. Montgomery aims to further illustrate the motive of loneliness and abandonment as they are related to her heroine’s story (having lost her parents and spent the majority of her life in an orphan asylum). Biblical intertext also plays an important role when it comes to the relationship between Anne Shirley and Matthew Cuthbert. Different forms of intertext (literary, biblical, mythological) fulfil important functions in the text, especially in terms of creating multi-faceted characters, the social and cultural atmosphere of L.M. Montgomery’s era, and the various problems (social, moral, and artistic) discussed in her works.

Pragmatic Study of Bullying in “An American Girl: Chrissa Stands Strong” Movie

This study explores the phenomenon of bullying as a prominent sociocultural element within the American film "An American Girl: Chrissa Stands Strong" serve the dual purpose of providing amusement to audiences while also conveying messages of communication, morality, culture, society, and education. In addition to that, bullying remains a widespread problem within the educational institutions. Students, especially those with special cases are constant victims of bullying. The data will be subjected to analysis based on pragmatic theories, such as speech acts and strategies of impoliteness. The questions that the paper tries to answer are: what are the types of verbal bullying and its directness, what are the types of speech acts, what are the illocutionary acts and the directness of speech acts, and what are the impoliteness strategies? This study aims to identify the types and directness of verbal bullying, investigate the types of speech acts in the selected data whether it is used directly or indirectly, identifying the illocutionary acts, and investigating the impoliteness strategies and it is sub-types in "An American Girl: Chrissa Stands Strong" movie. Working on these aims, it is hypothesized that direct verbal bullying of verbal abuse is the predominant type, all the types of speech acts are employed by bullies, the impoliteness strategies are used equally. The study's findings indicate that the predominant kind of bullying observed is direct verbal bullying, characterized by instances of verbal abuse and name-calling. The direct expressive speech acts of mocking/taunting are widely used by girls in "An American Girl: Chrissa Stands Strong" movie. Positive impoliteness strategy is the most frequent strategy.