Quoted Material Research Articles

Buckner Quoting Goldstein and Davidson on Quotation

have the required sense. (Everything that is printed in italics I quote from Buckner's note just mentioned.) Hence, according to Buckner, the demonstrative account must be wrong. This is a gross misrepresentation of the demonstrative account. Nowhere is it said, by either Goldstein or Davidson, that we do not read the 'quoted'sample. Buckner quotes Goldstein saying that one can think of....quotation marks as arrows pointing to a sample which COULD be remote from the sentence; and he quotes Davidson saying that we COULD easily enough remove the quoted material from the heart of the sentence (my emphasis in both cases). As Buckner shows himself (his sentences (2) and (3)), my sentence (A) (his (4)) can be easily rephrased, without changing the sense, so that the word

Rules of the Game for MNCs

The multinational corporation, which has been active, powerful and highly evident for some time, is coming under ever more careful scrutiny. The multinational corporation (MNC) and transnational investment are very big business. The size creates problems of its own. But when business gets as big as the MNCs, it is not only business; it extends its influence into other realms of our social life. It is not surprising, then, that there has been increasing pressure for some kind of international rules or regulations.In January of last year, for example, the Institute for International and Foreign Trade Law of Georgetown University, in collaboration witli its sister institute of Germany, organized a very well-attended conference in Diisseldorf on International Organization for Investment. Before and after that conference there was active debate on the subject, but for some time the papers discussed there will probably be the most quoted reference material on the matter. (The papers and conclusions are to lie published by Praeger.)

George Ticknor and the Boston Brahmins (review)

BOOK REVIEWS63 die institution to resistance to its extension. More people opposed die Kansas-Nebraska Act dian opposed die gag rule, but racism or jealousy of die Soudi's political power, not hostility to slavery, often engendered freesoil sentiment. Even dien, free-soilism and sectional forces alone cannot explain the politics of the 1850's or die defeat of northern Democratic congressmen. In many areas of die North nativism and anti-Catholicism as represented by the Know Nodiings contributed very heavily to die Democratic defeats. Indeed, die very fact diat sectional forces divided Congress for twenty-five years without producing war suggests diat we must look to otiier factors, in addition to real sectional differences, in order to explain die outbreak of die Civil War. Despite these reservations, diis is an important book which everyone interested in the coming of the Civil War should consult. Michael F. Holt Yale University George Ticknor and the Boston Brahmins. By David B. Tyack. (Cambridge : Harvard University Press, 1967. Pp. xiv, 289. $6.95.) David B. Tyack uses die life of George Ticknor (1791-1871) as a kind of emblem of Boston Brahmin conservatism. Arguing that Brahmmism originated in die Federalist, Calvinist-Unitarian conception of die Commonwealth as organic republic; drew life from the great family fortunes established in Boston in the eighteenth and nineteendi centuries; turned to Europe, especially England, for standards of social and literary decorum; and finally disintegrated under "die accelerating social changes in America" during die nineteenth century, Professor Tyack interprets Ticknor's life as a particular instance of diese general developments. After introducing Ticknor widi a chapter on his "formative years," Professor Tyack explores Brahmin attitudes towards Europe by following Ticknor to the continent and Gottingen University in 1815. When Ticknor returns to Boston in 1819 Professor Tyack analyzes Harvard as Brahmin breeding-ground—this because Ticknor himself taught there for fifteen years and played a leading role in the unsuccessful effort to raise Harvard's standards to diose of die German university. In 1835 Ticknor retires from Harvard and becomes die "autocrat of Nine Park Street," working desultorily on his History of Spanish Literature, dispensing oracular literary pronouncements, and ruling die cultural life of Boston with an iron hand. In diis section Professor Tyack probes die conservatives ' equation of literature, morality, and die organic state and explains why so many who, like Ticknor, did not have to earn a living were nevertheless driven to make tiiemselves useful by keeping die cultural and hence moral tone of the community high and hard. In his last chapter Professor Tyack uses Ticknor's defense of die Fugitive Slave Law, his idolization of political heroes like Washington and Daniel Webster, and his sympadiy widi southern dieories of race to suggest die bankruptcy of die 64CIVIL WAR HISTORY Brahmin ethos in face of die realities of American democracy confronting it in mid-century. So much for summary. Aldiough Professor Tyack succeeds in analyzing the general attitudes of die conservative Brahmin caste better, I think, than anyone thus far has, he fails to justify his central character, George Ticknor , who seems too often a literary device, not a rich and convincing personality . It is rather shocking, for instance, to have been asked to follow the life of a man diroughout a book only to find him dismissed with the following sang-froid: "On the twenty-sixth of January, 1871, at the age of seventy-nine, George Ticknor died as decorously as he had lived." Ticknor seems only occasionally to command Professor Tyack's respect, never his affection. The tactical problems faced by a writer who tries to combine particularistic biography with general history in a single book are knotty, and Professor Tyack has not fully solved them. Yet as a general history the book is excellent. Part of its success stems from Professor Tyack's skill at weaving quoted material from many of Ticknor's contemporaries and near-contemporaries into his own prose, thereby capitalizing, unobtrusively, on his deep and solid research. Part stems from his wit and grace as a writer: from first to last his prose is a pleasure to read. His sense for revealing anecdote is especially good, as when he...

John Randolph Clay: America's First Career Diplomat (review)

64CIVIL WAR HISTORY Brahmin ethos in face of die realities of American democracy confronting it in mid-century. So much for summary. Aldiough Professor Tyack succeeds in analyzing the general attitudes of die conservative Brahmin caste better, I think, than anyone thus far has, he fails to justify his central character, George Ticknor , who seems too often a literary device, not a rich and convincing personality . It is rather shocking, for instance, to have been asked to follow the life of a man diroughout a book only to find him dismissed with the following sang-froid: "On the twenty-sixth of January, 1871, at the age of seventy-nine, George Ticknor died as decorously as he had lived." Ticknor seems only occasionally to command Professor Tyack's respect, never his affection. The tactical problems faced by a writer who tries to combine particularistic biography with general history in a single book are knotty, and Professor Tyack has not fully solved them. Yet as a general history the book is excellent. Part of its success stems from Professor Tyack's skill at weaving quoted material from many of Ticknor's contemporaries and near-contemporaries into his own prose, thereby capitalizing, unobtrusively, on his deep and solid research. Part stems from his wit and grace as a writer: from first to last his prose is a pleasure to read. His sense for revealing anecdote is especially good, as when he sums up die struggle between Calviniste and Unitarians after 1800: "Men began to taunt one anodier by asking, 'Are you of the Boston religion or of die Christian religion?' or by retorting, 'Are you a Christian or a Calvinist?' " And aldiough he has failed to blend biography and general history perfectly , he should be praised for having tried. The approach itself is fresh and promising._._, , ,____ r ß Richard C. Vitzthum University of Maryland John Randolph Clay: America's First Career Diplomat. By George Irvin Oeste. (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1966. Pp. 602. $10.00.) Anyone seeking a well-rounded knowledge of American diplomacy in the nineteendi century should pay some attention to die minor diplomats as well as to the Adamses, the Sewards, and the Fishes. In die days before cables and wireless, outlying consuls and chargés sometimes had to use dieir initiative and imagination more dian many ambassadors today, and dieir training and selection, dieir relations widi die State Department, and above all dieir handling of routine business and small crises, tell us much about die early Foreign Service. It was an often neglected branch of the government, and its members went the full range from knaves and fools to intelligent, devoted diplomats— who too often recognized sadly that diey were wasted on dieir trifling assignments . John Randolph Clay belongs to the latter group. His career was die longest in American diplomacy before the Civil War. Widi a few short breaks he served from 1830 to 1860 as secretary of legation and oc- BOOK REVIEWS65 casionally chargé d'affaires at St. Petersburg and Vienna, dien as chargé and finally minister to Peru. Making use of nearly every conceivable American source, Oeste has carefully traced Clay's slow rise and many disappointments—at the age of thirtyfive and after fifteen years of service, he returned to his original post at his original rank and salary! A letter of his in 1845 to James Buchanan, his friend and superior, (p. 254) is a telling indictment of die haphazard, politics-ridden Foreign Service of die mid-nineteenth century. During the last thirteen years of his career Clay presided over American-Peruvian relations widi a sure hand, but his experience deserved more important concerns than debts and claims, cases, guano diplomacy, and efforts to open die Amazon from die west. In 1861 Seward dismissed him into unpensioned retirement widi no recorded appreciation of his services. While Oeste might have enhanced his account of diplomacy in Lima by using Peruvian sources, he has done a diorough job, and no writer will need to reexamine Clay's career for a long time. However, die book has a few flaws which will deter some readers. It is about twice as long as necessary, for...

The Postthrombophlebitic Syndrome

A feature of this book is its complete coverage of historical aspects and theories of causation of this disorder. Unfortunately, no new evidence is presented to give any weight to one or another explanation of pathogenesis. Moreover, there is a certain ambiguity in quoted material, as when a majority of all adults are said to be suffering from varicose veins, or when, on some pages, lymphatic obstruction is said to play a major role in the syndrome, whereas this role is denied on other pages. Since Dr. Popkin is an internist, non-operative therapy is covered most comprehensively. Most surgeons would probably find the insistence on a lifelong regime of rest for the patient, as advocated by Luke, at variance with their own philosophy of treatment. The author devotes but little space to surgical treatment, suggesting reference to standard texts on this important aspect of treatment.