Quartile Of Energy Intake Research Articles

MTOR pathway candidate genes and energy intake interaction on breast cancer risk in Black women from the Women's Circle of Health Study.

Excessive energy intake has been shown to affect the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and breast cancer risk. It is not well understood whether there are gene-environment interactions between mTOR pathway genes and energy intake in relation to breast cancer risk. The study included 1642 Black women (809 incident breast cancer cases and 833 controls) from the Women's Circle of Health Study (WCHS). We examined interactions between 43 candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 20 mTOR pathway genes and quartiles of energy intake in relation to breast cancer risk overall and by ER- defined subtypes using Wald test with a 2-way interaction term. AKT1 rs10138227 (C > T) was only associated with a decreased overall breast cancer risk among women in quartile (Q)2 of energy intake, odds ratio (OR) = 0.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.40, 0.91 (p-interaction = 0.042). Similar results were found in ER- tumors. AKT rs1130214 (C > A) was associated with decreased overall breast cancer risk in Q2 (OR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.44, 0.91) and Q3 (OR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.48, 0.89) (p-interaction = 0.026). HIF-1α C1772T rs11549465 (C > T) was associated with decreased overall breast cancer risk in Q4 (OR = 0.29, 95% CI 0.14, 0.59, p-interaction = 0.007); the results were similar in ER+ tumors. These interactions became non-significant after correction for multiple comparisons. Our findings suggest that mTOR genetic variants may interact with energy intake in relation to breast cancer risk, including the ER- subtype, in Black women. Future studies should confirm these findings.

Maternal total energy, macronutrient and vitamin intakes during pregnancy associated with the offspring's birth size in the Japan Environment and Children's Study.

Maternal diet during pregnancy can influence fetal growth; however, the available evidence is controversial. We aimed to assess whether maternal diet of Japanese women in mid-pregnancy can affect their offspring's birth size via collection of questionnaire and medical record data. The studied sample was a large cohort of paired mothers and their singleton offspring (n 78 793) from fifteen areas all over Japan who participated in the Japan Environment and Children's Study. The mid-pregnancy intakes of total energy, macronutrients and vitamins were lower than the recommended intakes for pregnant Japanese women. Maternal total energy intake was positively associated with the offspring's birth weight; there was a 10-g mean difference in the offspring's birth weight of mothers in the lowest (3026 g) v. highest (3036 g) quartiles of energy intake. Carbohydrate intake was positively associated with the offspring's birth length (mean difference of 0·7 cm) and inversely associated with the ponderal index (mean difference of 0·8 g/cm3). Offspring of mothers in the highest v. lowest quartiles of total dietary fibre intake were on average 9 g heavier and had 0·3 cm longer birth length and 0·2 cm longer head circumference. The highest in reference to lowest intake quartile of vitamin C was associated with 13 g and 0·7 cm mean differences in the offspring's birth weight and length, respectively. Several other associations were evident for maternal intakes of vitamins and the offspring's birth size. In conclusion, maternal dietary intakes of energy, dietary fibre, carbohydrate and vitamins during pregnancy were associated with the offspring's birth size.

Higher Usual Energy Intake, Body Mass, Body Mass Index, and Fat Free Mass Index Are Associated with Lower Attrition from an Arduous Military Selection Course (P23-005-19)

ObjectivesTo determine whether usual energy intake and body composition are associated with attrition from an arduous military selection course characterized by energy deficit and strenuous physical events, including fitness tests, loaded road marches, runs, land navigation, and an obstacle course. MethodsEnergy intake and body composition were assessed in U.S. Army Soldiers (n = 776) at the start of a military assessment and selection course. Usual energy intake (kcal) over the previous year was estimated from a 127-item Block food frequency questionnaire. Body composition measures, including body mass (kg), body mass index (BMI, body mass in kg/height in m2), fat free mass index (FFMI, fat free mass in kg/height in m2), and fat mass index (FMI, fat mass in kg/height in m2) were assessed by calibrated scale and 3-site skinfold caliper measures. Associations between energy intake, body composition, and demographics were determined with analysis of variance. Logistic regression was used to determine likelihood of attrition [odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI)] based on quartiles of energy intake and body composition. Models were adjusted for age, education, duration of aerobic exercise, duration of strength training, smoking status, and smokeless tobacco use. ResultsSoldiers that were younger (18–24 y), engaged in longer duration of aerobic exercise (≥200 min/wk) and strength training (≥400 min/wk), had more education (≥some college), and were smokeless tobacco users had higher energy intakes (P < 0.05). Higher energy intake was associated with higher body mass and FFMI (P < 0.05). After adjustment, Soldiers with higher energy intake, body mass, BMI, and FFMI were less likely to fail the strenuous course (Q1 vs. Q2, Q3, and Q4: OR range = 0.25–0.54; 95% CI lower bound range = 0.15–0.33; 95% CI upper bound range = 0.46–0.87). FMI was not associated with attrition. ConclusionsOptimization of body composition by adequate consumption of calories prior to a physically demanding military selection course may be associated with reduced attrition. Funding SourcesSupported by U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command. The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or reflecting the views of the Army or the Department of Defense. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs▪▪▪▪▪

Nutritional adequacy of dietary intake in women with anorexia nervosa.

Understanding nutrient intake of anorexia nervosa (AN) patients is essential for the treatment. Therefore, estimates of total energy and nutrient consumption were made in a group of young women (19 to 30 years) with restricting and binge purge subtypes of AN participating in an ecological momentary assessment study. Participants completed three nonconsecutive 24-hour diet recalls. Mean nutrient intakes were stratified by subtype and by quartiles of energy intake and compared to the age specific Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) levels, as well as to the reported intakes from the What We Eat In America (WWEIA) dietary survey 2011–2012. Reported intake was determined for energy, macronutrients, and micronutrients. The mean body mass index (BMI) for all participants was 17.2 ± 0.1 kg/m2. Reported nutrient intake was insufficient for participants in quartiles 1–3 of both AN subtypes when compared to the DRIs. Intake reported by participants in quartile 4 of both subgroups met requirements for most nutrients and even met or exceeded estimated energy needs. Counseling of AN patients should be directed to total food consumption to improve energy intake and to reduce individual nutritional gaps.

Breakfast intake among adults with type 2 diabetes: influence on daily energy intake.

To assess the association between breakfast energy and total daily energy intake among individuals with type 2 diabetes. Cross-sectional study. Daily energy intake was computed from a 24 h dietary recall. Multiple regression models were used to estimate the association between daily energy intake (dependent variable) and quartiles of energy intake at breakfast (independent variable), expressed in either absolute or relative (percentage of total daily energy intake) terms. Orthogonal polynomial contrasts were used to test for linear and quadratic trends. Models were controlled for sex, age, race/ethnicity, BMI, physical activity and smoking. In addition, we used separate multiple regression models to test the effect of quartiles of absolute and relative breakfast energy on energy intake at lunch, dinner and snacks. The 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Participants aged ≥30 years with self-reported history of diabetes (n 1146). Daily energy intake increased as absolute breakfast energy intake increased (linear trend, P<0·0001; quadratic trend, P=0·02), but decreased as relative breakfast energy intake increased (linear trend, P<0·0001). In addition, while higher quartiles of absolute breakfast intake had no associations with energy intake at subsequent meals, higher quartiles of relative breakfast intake were associated with lower energy intake during all subsequent meals and snacks (P<0·05). Consuming a breakfast that provided less energy or comprised a greater proportion of daily energy intake was associated with lower total daily energy intake in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Maternal obesity and energy intake as risk factors of pregnancy-induced hypertension among Iranian women.

Pregnancy-induced hypertension is causing striking maternal, foetal and neonatal mortality and morbidity in the world. A case-control study was conducted on 113 women with gestational hypertension and 150 healthy pregnant women at Shahid Akbarabadi Hospital of obstetrics and gynaecology in south of Tehran. Women who were obese (OR 4.44; 95% CI 1.84-10.72) before pregnancy were more likely to develop gestational hypertension. Proportion of having excessive gestational weight gain was positively and significantly associated with development of gestational hypertension (OR 2.70; 95% CI 1.19-6.13). Furthermore, findings revealed that women who were in the highest quartile of mid-arm-circumference had a 3-fold increased risk of gestational hypertension compared to women in the lowest quartile (OR 8.93; 95% CI 2.16-36.93). We found that having been in the highest quartile of energy intake positively correlated with increased risk of gestational hypertension (OR 9.66; 95% CI 3.30-28.21). The results suggest pre-pregnancy obesity, excessive gestational weight gain, and increased intake of energy as potential risk factors of developing gestational hypertension.

Abstract 2830: Energy balance and breast cancer risk among sisters pairs in the Breast Cancer Family Registry Study

Abstract Animal models have shown strong evidence that energy restriction inhibits mammary tumor development. Nevertheless, epidemiologic studies in humans generally do not support an association between energy intake and breast cancer risk. Failure to take into consideration the integrated effect of energy intake, physical activity and body size may obscure the true effect of energy intake on breast cancer risk. We analyzed the combined effects of energy intake, body size and physical activity on the risk of breast cancer among 4,564 women diagnosed with breast cancer between 1995 and 2006 and 3,411 of their unaffected sisters enrolled in the Breast Cancer Family Registry. Dietary data were collected using the food frequency questionnaire developed for the Hawaii-Los Angeles Multiethnic Cohort. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We observed an overall 50% increased risk of breast cancer among women in the highest quartile of energy intake compared to those in the lowest quartile (OR=1.5, 95% CI: 1.1-2.2, ptrend &amp;lt; 0.01). The association with energy intake was limited to women with lower levels of strenuous physical activity (OR=1.9, 95% CI: 1.3-2.9 for &amp;lt; 1.75 hours/week during the past three years), and was stronger among women with higher body mass index (BMI) (OR=2.2, 95% CI: 0.6-7.7 for BMI ≥ 30; OR=1.5, 95% CI: 0.6-3.7 for BMI 25-29; OR=1.3, 95% CI: 0.7-2.5 for BMI &amp;lt; 25 kg/m2). Our results suggest that higher total energy intake in adulthood is associated with a 50% increase in breast cancer risk compared to sisters with lower energy intake in adulthood; these associations are stronger among less active and obese women. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2830.

P.1.089 Treatment of preschoolers with bipolar disorder

Objective To determine the relative validity of a quantitative beverage frequency questionnaire in assessing beverage, calcium, and vitamin D intakes using 3-day food diaries for reference. Design Parents were asked to complete questionnaires for the preceding week and diaries for the following week for their children. Calcium and vitamin D intakes were estimated from human milk, infant formulas, and cow's milk (″beverages”) for questionnaires and diaries and from ″all foods and beverages” for diaries. Data collected at 6 and 12 months and 3 and 5 years of age as part of the Iowa Fluoride Study (N=700) were analyzed cross-sectionally. Subjects Children (N=240); 60 randomly selected from each quartile of energy intake at 6 months of age. Statistical analyses Spearman correlation coefficients, weighted κ statistics, and percentages of exact agreement were used to assess associations between tools. Results Correlations between mean daily beverage intakes estimated from questionnaires and diaries ranged from 0.95-0.99 for human milk, 0.84-0.85 for infant formula, 0.63-0.86 for cow's milk, 0.54-0.69 for juice/drinks, 0.26-0.59 for liquid soft drinks, 0.35-0.74 for powdered soft drinks and 0.54-0.70 for water. Correlations between mean daily nutrient intakes estimated from questionnaires and diaries ″beverages” ranged from 0.64-0.74 for calcium and 0.60-0.80 for vitamin D; and between questionnaires and diaries ″all foods and beverages” ranged from 0.41-0.63 for calcium and 0.43-0.80 for vitamin D. Applications A quantitative beverage frequency questionnaire can provide a relative estimate of beverage, calcium, and vitamin D intakes. J Am Diet Assoc. 2003;103:714-720.

Relative validation of a beverage frequency questionnaire in children ages 6 months through 5 years using 3-day food and beverage diaries

Objective To determine the relative validity of a quantitative beverage frequency questionnaire in assessing beverage, calcium, and vitamin D intakes using 3-day food diaries for reference. Design Parents were asked to complete questionnaires for the preceding week and diaries for the following week for their children. Calcium and vitamin D intakes were estimated from human milk, infant formulas, and cow's milk (″beverages”) for questionnaires and diaries and from ″all foods and beverages” for diaries. Data collected at 6 and 12 months and 3 and 5 years of age as part of the Iowa Fluoride Study (N=700) were analyzed cross-sectionally. Subjects Children (N=240); 60 randomly selected from each quartile of energy intake at 6 months of age. Statistical analyses Spearman correlation coefficients, weighted κ statistics, and percentages of exact agreement were used to assess associations between tools. Results Correlations between mean daily beverage intakes estimated from questionnaires and diaries ranged from 0.95-0.99 for human milk, 0.84-0.85 for infant formula, 0.63-0.86 for cow's milk, 0.54-0.69 for juice/drinks, 0.26-0.59 for liquid soft drinks, 0.35-0.74 for powdered soft drinks and 0.54-0.70 for water. Correlations between mean daily nutrient intakes estimated from questionnaires and diaries ″beverages” ranged from 0.64-0.74 for calcium and 0.60-0.80 for vitamin D; and between questionnaires and diaries ″all foods and beverages” ranged from 0.41-0.63 for calcium and 0.43-0.80 for vitamin D. Applications A quantitative beverage frequency questionnaire can provide a relative estimate of beverage, calcium, and vitamin D intakes. J Am Diet Assoc. 2003;103:714-720.

Nutrient intakes and dietary patterns of young children by dietary fat intakes

Objective: To determine whether low fat intake is associated with increased risk of nutritional inadequacy in children 2 to 8 years old and to identify eating patterns associated with differences in fat intake. Study design: Using 2 days of recall from the Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals (CSFII), 1994 to 1996, we classified 2802 children into quartiles of energy intake from fat (<29%, 29% to 31.9% [defined as moderate fat], 32% to 34.9%, and ≥35%) and compared nutrient intakes, the proportion of children at risk for inadequate intakes, Food Pyramid servings, and fat content per serving across quartiles. Results: More children in quartile 2 were at risk for inadequate intakes of vitamin E, calcium, and zinc than children in higher quartiles ( P < .0001); more children in quartiles 3 and 4 were at risk for inadequate intakes of vitamins A and C and folate ( P < .001). Fruit intake decreased across quartiles ( P < .0001); whereas vegetable, meat, and fat-based condiment intakes increased ( P < .0001). Fat per serving of grain, vegetables, dairy, and meat increased across quartiles ( P < .0001). Conclusions: Moderate-fat diets were not consistently associated with an increased proportion of children at risk for nutritional inadequacy, and higher-fat diets were not consistently protective against inadequacy. Dietary fat could be reduced by judicious selection of lower-fat foods without compromising nutritional adequacy. (J Pediatr 2000;136:181-7)