Quantum Proxy Blind Signature Research Articles

Quantum Circuit-Based Proxy Blind Signatures: A Novel Approach and Experimental Evaluation on the IBM Quantum Cloud Platform

Abstract This paper presents a novel approach to proxy blind signatures in the realm of quantum circuits, aiming to enhance security while safeguarding sensitive information. The main objective of this research is to introduce a Quantum Proxy Blind Signature (QPBS) protocol that utilizes quantum logical gates and quantum measurement techniques. The QPBS protocol is constructed by initial phase, proximal blinding message phase, remote authorization and signature phase, remote validation and de-blinding phase. This innovative design ensures a secure mechanism for signing documents without revealing the content to the proxy signer, providing practical security authentication in a quantum environment under the assumption that the CNOT gates are securely implemented. Unlike existing approaches, our proposed QPBS protocol eliminates the need for quantum entanglement preparation, thus simplifying the implementation process. To assess the effectiveness and robustness of the QPBS protocol, we conduct comprehensive simulation studies in both ideal and noisy quantum environments on the IBM quantum cloud platform. The results demonstrate the superior performance of the QPBS algorithm, highlighting its resilience against repudiation and forgeability, key security concerns in the realm of proxy blind signatures. Furthermore, we have established authentic security thresholds (82.102%) in the presence of real noise, thereby emphasizing the practicality of our proposed solution.

A Quantum Proxy Blind Signature Scheme Based on Superdense Coding

In this paper, we show a new quantum proxy blind signature scheme based on single particle superdense coding. We only need perform unitary operator on single qubit to blind 2-bit classical information. The scheme also satisfies the properties of blindness, unforgeability and undeniability. It has a wide application to e-payment, e-voting, e-government, and etc.

Security Analysis of Particular Quantum Proxy Blind Signature Against the Forgery Attack

As an important topic of quantum cryptography, quantum proxy blind signature has attracted more and more attentions in recent years. However, with our analysis, it can be seen that there exists a common security loophole in two particular quantum proxy blind signature schemes, i.e., the receiver can forge a valid signature without being caught by others. In order to show that, the detailed attack strategy and the potential improved ideas are proposed in this paper.

A Novel E-payment Protocol Implented by Blockchain and Quantum Signature

Based on blockchain and quantum signature, a novel E-payment protocol is proposed in this paper. Our E-payment protocol could protect user’s anonymity as the traditional E-payment systems do, and also have unconditional security which the classical E-payment systems can not provide. Our scheme adopt the techniques of blockchain, quantum key distribution, one-time pad and quantum proxy blind signature. Furthermore, compared with the existing quantum E-payment systems, the blockchain technology is introduced to make our scheme more secure.

Cryptanalysis and Improvement of Some Quantum Proxy Blind Signature Schemes

Recently, two novel quantum proxy blind signature schemes are proposed by Zeng et al. and Yang et al., respectively. Their schemes have made a great contribution to the development of quantum proxy blind signature (QPBS). However, we find that there exist some security loopholes which have been neglected by them, i.e., the receiver can forge the signature in Zeng et al.’s scheme and the unreasonable assumption about arbitrator exists in Yang et al.’s scheme, etc. In order to overcome these problems, some improved ideas are proposed. Moreover, we give the further discussions of QPBS in this paper. Finally, we summarize some reasonable assumptions in order to satisfy the security properties of QPBS.

An Arbitrated Proxy Blind Signature Based on Hyper Entanglement Analysis

Motivated by the hyperentangled Bell states analysis, an arbitrated quantum proxy blind signature (QPBS) scheme is developed. Four participants accomplish the task of signing and verifying via exchanging the entanglement of polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom. Alice blinds message and sends it to a proxy signatory David who is delegated by the original signatory Charlie. David generates a signature using the delegating code while Bob verifies the signing with the help of an arbitrator Trent. Unlike previous schemes, the verifying phase is no longer executed only by a recipient. Analysis shows that when the even numbers of blinding string always equal 1, the scheme protects the proxy blind signature against forgery and disavow while maintaining the properties of verifiability and identifiability.

Improvement of a Quantum Proxy Blind Signature Scheme

Improvement of a quantum proxy blind signature scheme is proposed in this paper. Six-qubit entangled state functions as quantum channel. In our scheme, a trust party Trent is introduced so as to avoid David’s dishonest behavior. The receiver David verifies the signature with the help of Trent in our scheme. The scheme uses the physical characteristics of quantum mechanics to implement message blinding, delegation, signature and verification. Security analysis proves that our scheme has the properties of undeniability, unforgeability, anonymity and can resist some common attacks.

An Elaborate Secure Quantum Voting Scheme

An elaborate secure quantum voting scheme is presented in this paper. It is based on quantum proxy blind signature. The eligible voter’s voting information can be transmitted to the tallyman Bob with the help of the scrutineer Charlie. Charlie’s supervision in the whole voting process can make the protocol satisfy fairness and un-repeatability so as to avoid Bob’s dishonest behaviour. Our scheme uses the physical characteristics of quantum mechanics to achieve voting, counting and immediate supervision. In addition, the program also uses quantum key distribution protocol and quantum one-time pad to guarantee its unconditional security.

An Improved Quantum Proxy Blind Signature Scheme Based on Genuine Seven-Qubit Entangled State

An improved quantum proxy blind signature scheme based on controlled teleportation is proposed in this paper. Genuine seven-qubit entangled state functions as quantum channel. We use the physical characteristics of quantum mechanics to implement delegation, signature and verification. Security analysis shows that our scheme is unforgeability, undeniability, blind and unconditionally secure. Meanwhile, we propose a trust party to provide higher security, the trust party is costless.

A Quantum Proxy Blind Signature Scheme Based on Genuine Five-Qubit Entangled State

In this paper, a quantum proxy blind signature scheme based on controlled quantum teleportation is proposed. This scheme uses a genuine five-qubit entangled state as quantum channel and adopts the classical Vernam algorithm to blind message. We use the physical characteristics of quantum mechanics to implement delegation, signature and verification. Security analysis shows that our scheme is valid and satisfy the properties of a proxy blind signature, such as blindness, verifiability, unforgeability, undeniability.

A Novel Quantum Proxy Blind Signature Scheme

A novel quantum proxy blind signature scheme is proposed. In this scheme, a special type of non-maximally entangled three-qubit state is introduced as a quantum channel, which can realize perfect teleportation. The message sender U blinds his message by means of preparing two groups of non-orthogonal single-photon states. According to the original signer Charlie’s delegation message, the proxy signer Alice generates a corresponding signature. The arbitrator Trent can help the receiver Bob verify the signature, and also prevent Bob from doing any damage. The above-mentioned advantages make this scheme different from some existing schemes. It is showed that our scheme has the properties of undeniability, unforgeability, blindness, untraceability. Moreover, it is free from intercept-resend attack.

An E-payment Protocol Based on Quantum Multi-proxy Blind Signature

Based on quantum multi-proxy blind signature, a new E-payment protocol is proposed in this paper. Adopting the techniques of quantum key distribution, one-time pad and quantum proxy blind signature, our E-payment protocol could protect user’s anonymity as the traditional E-payment systems do, and also have unconditional security which the classical E-payment systems cannot provide. Additionally, the quantum operation can be transmitted successfully with the probability 1, which can make the protocol reliable and practical.

A proxy blind signature scheme based on quantum entanglement

Using the correlation states of the GHZ triplet, a proxy blind signature scheme is presented. Existing classical proxy signatures cannot guarantee the security with the emergency of quantum computing technology, current quantum signature schemes could only deliver unconditional security, our quantum proxy blind signature scheme has the characteristics of proxy signature, non-counterfeit, non-disavowal and blindness by adopting quantum key preparation, quantum encryption algorithm and quantum entanglement, Our quantum proxy blind signature scheme has a foreseeable application to the E-business, E-governments, and etc.

Cryptanalysis of Quantum Blind Signature Scheme

In this paper, we study the cryptanalysis of two quantum blind signature schemes and one quantum proxy blind signature protocol. We show that in these protocols the verifier can forge the signature under known message attack. The attack strategies are described in detail respectively. This kind of problem deserves more research attention in the following related study. We further point out that the arbitrator should be involved in the procedure of any dispute and some discussions of these protocols are given.

Cryptanalysis of an inter-bank E-payment protocol based on quantum proxy blind signature

We analyze the security of an inter-bank E-payment protocol based on quantum proxy blind signature, and find that there is a security leak in the quantum channels of this protocol, which gives a ch...

An inter-bank E-payment protocol based on quantum proxy blind signature

Security and anonymity are essential to E-payment systems. However, with the increasing computing power, existing E-payment systems will gradually become insecure. In this paper, we propose an inter-bank E-payment system which is based on quantum proxy blind signature. Adopting the techniques of quantum key distribution, one-time pad and quantum proxy blind signature, our quantum E-payment system could protect user's anonymity as the traditional E-payment systems do, and also have unconditional security which the classical E-payment systems cannot provide. Furthermore, compared with the existing quantum E-payment systems, the proposed system could support inter-bank transactions.