Quantum Observation Research Articles

From Information and Quantum Physics to Consciousness and Reality

How does the world around us work and what is real? This question has preoccupied humanity since its beginnings. From the 16th century onwards, it has periodically been necessary to revise the prevailing worldview—but things became very strange at the beginning of the 20th century with the advent of relativity theory and quantum physics. The current focus is on the role of information, there being a debate about whether this is ontological or epistemological. A theory has recently been formulated in which spacetime and gravity emerges from microscopic quantum information—more specifically from quantum entanglement via entanglement entropy. A recent theory describes the emergence of reality itself through first-person perspective experiences and algorithmic information theory. In quantum physics, perception and observation play a central role. Perception of and interaction with the environment require an exchange of information. Via biochemical projection, information is given an interpretation that is necessary to make life and consciousness possible. The world around us is not at all what it seems.

Negative probabilities: what are they for? * *Partially supported by the US Army Research Office under W911NF-20-1-0297.

An observation space is a family of probability distributions sharing a common sample space Ω in a consistent way. A grounding for is a signed probability distribution on Ω yielding the correct marginal distribution for every i. A wide variety of quantum scenarios can be formalized as observation spaces. We describe all groundings for a number of quantum observation spaces. Our main technical result is a rigorous proof that Wigner’s distribution is the unique signed probability distribution yielding the correct marginal distributions for position and momentum and all their linear combinations.

Quantum-Inspired Differential Evolution with Grey Wolf Optimizer for 0-1 Knapsack Problem

The knapsack problem is one of the most widely researched NP-complete combinatorial optimization problems and has numerous practical applications. This paper proposes a quantum-inspired differential evolution algorithm with grey wolf optimizer (QDGWO) to enhance the diversity and convergence performance and improve the performance in high-dimensional cases for 0-1 knapsack problems. The proposed algorithm adopts quantum computing principles such as quantum superposition states and quantum gates. It also uses adaptive mutation operations of differential evolution, crossover operations of differential evolution, and quantum observation to generate new solutions as trial individuals. Selection operations are used to determine the better solutions between the stored individuals and the trial individuals created by mutation and crossover operations. In the event that the trial individuals are worse than the current individuals, the adaptive grey wolf optimizer and quantum rotation gate are used to preserve the diversity of the population as well as speed up the search for the global optimal solution. The experimental results for 0-1 knapsack problems confirm the advantages of QDGWO with the effectiveness and global search capability for knapsack problems, especially for high-dimensional situations.

Quick X-ray pulsar positioning and velocimetry approach based on quantum CS

CS (compressive sensing) is adept in the signals of X-ray pulsars. The observation matrix in CS is a core technology. In the CS for X-ray pulsars, the observation matrix has three significant indexes: simple computation, arbitrary size and high precision. To optimize the observation matrix, we propose a quick quantum-based CS, and apply it to the pulsar positioning and velocimetry approach. In the quantum-based CS, the profile dictionary with multi-skewness-degrees and multi-phases are comprised of the X-ray pulsar profiles with multiple phases and skewness degrees. This pulsar profile dictionary is also adopted as the probability amplitude of quantum. The multiple quantum observations of the dictionary form the quantum observation matrix. The quantum observation matrix explores the uncertainty of quantum, and improves its diversity. As the super-resolution sparse recovery, the quantum matched estimation approach provides the pulsar positioning and the pulsar velocimetry simultaneously. Simulation results indicate that compared with the χ2 velocimetry, the quick quantum CS-based pulsar positioning and velocimetry has highly accurate and less calculation.

Anisotropic crystals based optical differential operation

Optical differential operation is the core principle of optical detection of edge images. Compared with the traditional digital image processing methods, the optical differential operation has high efficiency, simple structure, and needless to consider algorithms and power consumption. An optical differential operation device based on anisotropic crystal is proposed in this paper. Omni-directional edge imaging under multi-angle spectral components is realized by using a customized crystal chip. The scheme is mainly based on the birefringence effect of anisotropic crystal. It needs to separate the left and right circularly polarized component of the beam horizontally, and then filter the linearly polarized light in the middle. The whole device is integrated into a straight optical path. Although it has higher requirements for the thickness of crystal, it is simpler, cheaper and more stable than spin Hall effect and super surface principle. The experimental results also demonstrate that the scheme can be used in quantum observation, biological cell and medicine.

A Paediatric Pulmonary Electron based Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technique Exploiting Electron Orbital Angular Momentum Spin and the ‘Celalettin Tunnel Conjecture’

The ‘Celalettin-Field Quantum Observation Tunnel’ (Celalettin Tunnel) is a quantum observation technique. It is within a pneumatic manifold of Euclidean space where the randomness of particle Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) is mitigated via electric polarization. It is described by the ‘Celalettin Tunnel Conjecture’. ‘Celalettin Tunnel Conjecture’ can be exploited to propose a paediatric ‘Magnetic Resonance Imaging’ (MRI) machine in pulmonary diagnostics for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2’ in paediatric patients to avoid the need to administer General Anaesthesia

Quantum observation scheme universally identifying causalities from correlations

It has long been recognized as a difficult problem to determine whether the observed statistical correlation between two classical variables arise from causality or from common causes. Recent research has shown that in quantum theoretical framework, the mechanisms of entanglement and quantum coherence provide an advantage in tackling this problem. In some particular cases, quantum common causes and quantum causality can be effectively distinguished using observations only. However, these solutions do not apply to all cases. There still exist enormous cases in which quantum common causes and quantum causality can not be distinguished. In this paper, along the line of considering unitary transformation as causality in the quantum world, we formally show quantum common causes and quantum causality are universally separable. Based on the analysis, we further provide a general method to discriminate the two.

The post-determined block universe

A series of reasons to take quantum unitary evolution seriously and explain the projection of the state vector as unitary and not discontinuous are presented, including some from General Relativity. This leads to an interpretation of Quantum Mechanics which is unitary at the level of a single world. I argue that unitary evolution is consistent with both quantum measurements and the apparent classicality at the macroscopic level. This allows us to take the wavefunction as ontic (but holistic), but a global consistency condition has to be introduced to ensure this compatibility. I justify this by appealing to sheaf cohomology on the block universe. As a consequence, Quantum Theory turns out to be consistent with a definite four-dimensional spacetime, even if this may consist of superpositions of different geometries. But the block universe subject to global consistency gains a new flavor, which for an observer experiencing the flow of time appears as "superdeterministic" or "retrocausal", although this does not manifest itself in observations in a way which would allow the violation of causality. However, the block universe view offers another interpretation of this behavior, which makes more sense, and removes the tension with causality. Such a block universe subject to global consistency appears thus as being post-determined. Here "post-determined" means that for an observer the block universe appears as not being completely determined from the beginning, but each new quantum observation eliminates some of the possible block universe solutions consistent with the previous observations. I compare the post-determined block universe with other proposals: the presentist view, the block universe, the splitting block universe, and the growing block universe, and explain how it combines their major advantages in a qualitatively different picture.

A Quantum-Inspired Self-Supervised Network model for automatic segmentation of brain MR images

The classical self-supervised neural network architectures suffer from slow convergence problem and incorporation of quantum computing in classical self-supervised networks is a potential solution towards it. In this article, a fully self-supervised novel quantum-inspired neural network model referred to as Quantum-Inspired Self-Supervised Network (QIS-Net) is proposed and tailored for fully automatic segmentation of brain MR images to obviate the challenges faced by deeply supervised Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures. The proposed QIS-Net architecture is composed of three layers of quantum neuron (input, intermediate and output) expressed as qbits. The intermediate and output layers of the QIS-Net architecture are inter-linked through bi-directional propagation of quantum states, wherein the image pixel intensities (quantum bits) are self-organized in between these two layers without any external supervision or training. Quantum observation allows to obtain the true output once the superimposed quantum states interact with the external environment. The proposed self-supervised quantum-inspired network model has been tailored for and tested on Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast (DSC) brain MR images from Nature data sets for detecting complete tumor and reported promising accuracy and reasonable dice similarity scores in comparison with the unsupervised Fuzzy C-Means clustering, self-trained QIBDS Net, Opti-QIBDS Net, deeply supervised U-Net and Fully Convolutional Neural Networks (FCNNs).

A Quantum Observation Technique: The 'Celalettin-Field Quantum Observation Tunnel'in an IC-Manifold and the 'Celalettin Tunnel Conjecture'; a Short Communication

The 'Celalettin-Field Quantum Observation Tunnel' (Celalettin Tunnel) is a quantum observation technique. It is within a pneumatic manifold of Euclidean space where the randomness of particle Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) is mitigated via electric polarization. It is described by the Celalettin Tunnel Conjecture. The presence of an electric field affects the nuclear spin of the particles within the pneumatic manifold. The manifold, namely the IC-Manifold, or Invizicloud© is unique as its axioms are a combination of classical and quantum non-logical parameters. The IC-Manifold has a variable density and exists only according to 'Celalettin's two rules of quantum interaction':1. Quantum interaction causes quantum observation during fundamental particle interactions with orbital angular momentum electric polarized atoms within the IC-Manifold causing depolarization. 2. The photoelectric effect is not limited to solids but can occur in an IC-Manifold.

Newton's Cradle and Quantum Observation

This paper defines quantum observation as conversion of tiny (attojoule or less) packets of energy and momentum into statistically irreversible Boltzmann heat. Under this definition, quantum waves never “collapse” but instead grow so fractally convoluted in one region of space that their entangled properties in remote regions of space become statistically irreversible and persistent over time. The implication is that far from being a rare phenomenon that depends on such hard-to-define phenomena as human awareness, quantum observation via atto-scale creation of Boltzmann heat is the most common of all quantum phenomena and the underlying basis for the very existence of “classical” matter and objects.

Enabling a ‘Celalettin-Field Quantum Observation Tunnel’ to Develop a Hand Held Medical Resonance Imaging Device in order to prevent Paediatric Sedation during Medical Imaging – A Short Communication

Enabling a ‘Celalettin-Field Quantum Observation Tunnel’ to Develop a Hand Held Medical Resonance Imaging Device in order to prevent Paediatric Sedation during Medical Imaging – A Short Communication

A Short Communication: ‘Hasret’s Theory’; Quantum Observation Caused by the Filling of a Helium-3 Electron Hole in an INVIZICLOUD© via a ‘Celalettin-Field Quantum Observation Tunnel’

In anti-ferromagnetism, the magnetic moments of particles related to electron spin; a regular pattern, the remaining particles in the ensemble are like ferromagnetism; a manifestation of ordered magnetism. The attraction between a magnet and a ferromagnetic the quality of magnetism first apparent to the formation of the Earth 4 Billion years ago until today. Generally, antiferromagnetic order is directly proportional to temperature. Above the Néel temperature, the material is typically paramagnetic. When investigating ‘quantum observation’ and hypothesizing a reason for quantum decoherence ‘because’ of quantum observation the ‘Celalettin-Field Quantum Observation Tunnel’ is a mathematically sound explanation.

The ‘Celalettin-Field Quantum Observation Tunnel’ a Quantum Communication Countermeasure Speculative Structure

The ‘Celalettin-Field Quantum Observation Tunnel’ (COT) is a speculative structure produced in an ensemble of Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) polarized outer ‘s’ shell electrons, whereby an incoming photon, depolarizes ‘s’ shell electrons as it burrows through the ensemble, creating a tunnel. The depolarized particles when viewed as a single quantum system can theoretically be used to acquire information on the incoming photon which in effect, measures it satisfying the criterion for ‘quantum observation’. Enabling equations are discussed which describe the behaviour of the photon/electron interactions in the tunnel, the medium in which the tunnel is produced and the information the medium acquires on the photon as it tunnels through. The Schrodinger wave equation, Math ieu differential equation, Lagrangian QED plasma equation and the Lorentz quantum parameter (OAM coupling) simultaneously describe the COT phenomenon. This study proposes the COT as a quantum communication countermeasure, be it a quantum radar or spy satellite utilizing quantum computing.

The Optimal Medium in Which the ‘Celalettin-Field Quantum Observation Tunnel’ Operates: The Polarised Electron Cloud’s Emergence from the Laboratory Based Rubidium-87 to Helium-3; Invizicloud

This study discusses the previously mentioned Polarized Electron Cloud, its progression to ‘INVIZICLOUD’ as in the real word Rubidium-87 can only be used in the lab, whereas the molecule that is INVIZICLOUD© is made of is Helium-3 mixed with an atomic inert alkaline. It is the medium in which the ‘Celalettin-Field Quantum Observation Tunnel’ (CFQOT) operates. When a quantum qubit enters INVIZICLOUD© it is proposed that any qubit’s ability to function quantum mechanically will cease. The theory, analysis and proposed experiment are proposed in this study.

Controlling heat and particle currents in nanodevices by quantum observation

We demonstrate that in a standard thermo-electric nanodevice the current and heat flows are not only dictated by the temperature and potential gradient, but also by the external action of a local quantum observer that controls the coherence of the device. Depending on how and where the observation takes place, the direction of heat and particle currents can be independently controlled. In fact, we show that the current and heat flow in a quantum material can go against the natural temperature and voltage gradients. Dynamical quantum observation offers new possibilities for the control of quantum transport far beyond classical thermal reservoirs. Through the concept of local projections, we illustrate how we can create and directionality control the injection of currents (electronic and heat) in nanodevices. This scheme provides novel strategies to construct quantum devices with application in thermoelectrics, spintronic injection, phononics, and sensing among others. In particular, highly efficient and selective spin injection might be achieved by local spin projection techniques.

Dual relaxation channel in thioflavin-T: An ultrafast spectroscopic study

In the present contribution, the ultrafast excited state dynamics of thioflavin T (ThT) has been investigated in methanol and chloroform. The first hand data of 30 times higher fluorescence quantum yield and observation of slow rise time in fluorescence intensity of ThT in chloroform compared to methanol indicate the complicated photophysics of the molecule. Time resolved fluorescence data along with temperature dependence on fluorescence quantum yield, TD-DFT calculations and femtosecond transient absorption study vividly suggest the involvement of one more twisted intramolecular charge transfer state (TICT-2) along with the TICT-1 state, in the excited state manifold of ThT, which was not identified earlier. It was also established that the depletion of the molecule from the locally excited state to the TICT-1 state probably barrierless in nature, however, an inherent activation energy barrier is present between LE and TICT-2 states. This activation energy barrier in methanol (0.59 kcal mol−1) was found to be exactly same as that available at room temperature, whereas the same in chloroform is found to be quite high (1.58 kcal mol−1). This barrier is proposed to be responsible for the high quantum yield of ThT in chlorinated solvents and we demand a revisit to the mechanism of fibril sensing by ThT.

Distributed Feedback Control of Quantum Networks

Abstract: In this paper, we deal with a distributed feedback control of quantum networks called a quantum consensus algorithm (QCA) with local quantum observation and feedback proposed by Kamon & Ohki (2013, 2014) and prove strictly that QCA makes quantum states converge to a quantum state called symmetric state consensus (SSC) with probability one from arbitrary initial states keeping purity The difficulty of the proof is from that the objective system is stochastic and non-linear, and we solve it by employing the stochastic Lyapunov stability analysis. We also show that QCA can generate a desirable W-state, which is known as an important entangled quantum state and utilized for many applications of quantum information technology.

Membrane-inspired quantum bee colony optimization and its applications for decision engine

In order to effectively solve combinatorial optimization problems, a membrane-inspired quantum bee colony optimization (MQBCO) is proposed for scientific computing and engineering applications. The proposed MQBCO algorithm applies the membrane computing theory to quantum bee colony optimization (QBCO), which is an effective discrete optimization algorithm. The global convergence performance of MQBCO is proved by Markov theory, and the validity of MQBCO is verified by testing the classical benchmark functions. Then the proposed MQBCO algorithm is used to solve decision engine problems of cognitive radio system. By hybridizing the QBCO and membrane computing theory, the quantum state and observation state of the quantum bees can be well evolved within the membrane structure. Simulation results for cognitive radio system show that the proposed decision engine method is superior to the traditional intelligent decision engine algorithms in terms of convergence, precision and stability. Simulation experiments under different communication scenarios illustrate that the balance between three objective functions and the adapted parameter configuration is consistent with the weights of three normalized objective functions.

Is the World Objective?

The assumption of an objective world underlying all our experiences is deeply embedded in our everyday thinking and in our language, and has been an unquestioned presupposition of the scientific enterprise for at least four centuries. Yet it is well known that quantum physics raises some highly problematic questions in this respect, questions that are still open, almost a century from the inception of the theory. I would like to propose that these questions stem from deep philosophical assumptions and can be answered in a much more coherent way if we understand the notion of an objective world not as a primary reality, but as an emergent aspect of a primary process that can be described as “experiencing”. A coherent description of the appearance of an objective world in the process of experiencing relies on a certain understanding of what is technically known as the “quantum measurement problem”, i.e. the description of the process of observation in quantum physics, which is the key problematic aspect of the theory. I will propose that the basic features that characterize a quantum observation have a much wider scope, and describe in fact all acquisition of information by an “embodied observer”, in short all experiencing happening in the world. By applying to this larger context work I have done in the more technical frame of the quantum measurement problem it can be shown that the nature of the process of experiencing is such as to inevitably generate the appearance of an objective world. Thus the objectivity of the world, although not primary and ultimately real, is an intrinsic consequence of our “experiential embodiment”, i.e. of the fact that we are in the world and all our experiences correspond to physical happenings in the world. When examined in this perspective, the “paradoxes” of quantum physics are an invitation to abandon the metaphysical assumption of the primacy of the objective dimension of reality. A philosophical position much more in tune with quantum physics views the process of experiencing as the primary source of both subject and object, consciousness and world.