ABSTRACT Quantum entanglement is a crucial resource in quantum information science, applying to quantum key distribution, quantum sensing, and quantum teleportation. However, generating macroscopic quantum entanglement in multimode optomechanical systems, where an optical mode couples to multiple degenerate or near‐degenerate vibrational modes, is a challenging task, as the entanglement is suppressed by the dark‐mode effect. In this paper, we propose a scheme to generate both bipartite and genuine tripartite entanglement in the system via periodic modulation. First, we consider a two‐oscillator optomechanical system in which time‐varying voltages applied to the oscillators enable the engineering of coupling pathways between the bright and dark modes, thus breaking the dark‐mode effect. Thermal phonons can be extracted by the coupling channels, so that bipartite and tripartite entanglement can be achieved at a nonzero temperature. Furthermore, we extend this scheme to an optomechanical system with oscillators, where the degenerate vibrational modes can entangle with the optical mode. Notably, the macroscopic quantum entanglement we obtain exhibits greater robustness against thermal phonons.

Quantum entanglement in a two-cavity QED system mediated by a waveguide

We study the dynamics of a model for double proton transfer reaction in order to gain insights into the reaction mechanism. The model potential energy surface exhibits four minima, four rank one saddles and a second rank saddle. Our interest in this model is twofold. First, to establish the extent to which the mechanism can be classified as a dynamically concerted one as a function of total energy. Second, to investigate whether quantum dynamics can significantly alter the notion of dynamical concertedness. The first issue is addressed by a classical dynamical analysis of the so called delay time distributions as a measure of dynamical concertedness, which shows that the fraction of dynamically concerted reactive trajectories exhibits substantial fluctuations even at energies well above that of the rank two saddle energy. For the second question our approach involves using the entangled trajectory molecular dynamics method to compute the quantum analog of the classical delay time distribution. Our results show that one can still use the notion of dynamical concertedness. However, significant deviations due to quantum effects are observed in certain energy and parameter regimes. Such quantum deviations are further characterized by computing the linear entropy of the system, which hints at the possible role of quantum entanglement.

ABSTRACT This paper rethinks the epistemological foundations of heritage by advancing the concept of dialogical reproduction, a performative model that explains how cultural value endures through acts of response, reinterpretation, and renewal. Global heritage governance, shaped by Enlightenment binaries and codified in UNESCO conventions, divides culture into tangible, intangible, and documentary domains; yet such classifications obscure the relational and processual nature of cultural life. Building on relational ontology and entanglement theory, the study argues that heritage persists not through preservation but through performance: practices that continually make and remake relations amongpeople, practices, and places. Drawing on the longue durée of the Orchid Pavilion Gathering (Lanting), a fourth-century Chinese ritual-literary event re-created through calligraphy, ritual, and place-making, the paper traces how copying, reconstruction, and re-enactment function as dialogical processes that sustain meaning across time. Integrating insights from performance studies and anthropology, it proposes dialogical reproduction as a framework for rethinking heritage as a practice of responsiveness: an ongoing conversation between past and present, material and human, continuity and change. In doing so, the paper offers an alternative to classificatory and possessive heritage regimes, highlighting how governance can recognise cultural continuity as relational, iterative, and historically situated.

Quantum computing is a new discipline that uses the ideas of quantum physics to do calculations that are not possible with conventional computers. Quantum bits, called qubits, could exist in superposition states, making them suitable for parallel processing in contrast to traditional bits. When it comes to addressing complex challenges like proof simulation, optimization, and cryptography, quantum entanglement and quantum interference provide exponential improvements. This survey focuses on recent advances in entanglement routing, quantum key distribution (QKD), and qubit management for short- and long-distance quantum communication. It studies optimization approaches such as integer programming, reinforcement learning, and collaborative methods, evaluating their efficacy in terms of throughput, scalability, and fairness. Despite improvements, challenges remain in dynamic network adaptation, resource limits, and error correction. Addressing these difficulties necessitates the creation of hybrid quantum–classical algorithms for efficient resource allocation, hardware-aware designs to improve real-world deployment, and fault-tolerant architecture. Therefore, this survey suggests that future research focus on integrating quantum networks with existing classical infrastructure to improve security, dependability, and mainstream acceptance. This connection has significance for applications that require secure communication, financial transactions, and critical infrastructure protection.

ABSTRACT Topological superconductors (TSCs) provide an ideal platform for investigating fundamental quantum phenomena, including non‐Abelian anyons and quantum entanglement, positioning them as a key area of focus in contemporary condensed matter physics research. Besides the widely explored transition metal sulfides (TMSs), transition metal nitrides (TMNs) may exhibit exceptional superconducting properties and non‐trivial topological quantum numbers. Here, we report a first‐principles study of the XMoN 4 (X = transition metal elements) family and predict their superconducting and topological properties at ambient pressure. Through the first‐principles calculations, we identify 7 stable superconductors, and NbMoN 4 exhibits the highest value of 47 K. The nesting of the Fermi surfaces and the flat bands caused by the d‐orbitals of metal atoms result in a high density of states, enhancing the pairing of electrons and phonons, thus leading to high T c . We further study the topological properties and find that the stabilized compound HgMoN 4, whose T c is 35 K at ambient pressure, also exhibits surface states and a Z 2 index of (1, 001). Our work predicts a stable superconductor with topological properties under ambient pressure from a constructed family of TMNs, expanding the study of combining the topological properties and superconductivity in bulk‐phase materials.

Abstract This work presents a machine learning approach based on support vector machines (SVMs) for quantum entanglement detection. Particularly, we focus on bipartite systems of dimensions $$3\times 3$$ 3 × 3 , $$4\times 4$$ 4 × 4 , and $$5\times 5$$ 5 × 5 , where the positive partial transpose criterion (PPT) provides only partial characterization. Using SVMs with quantum-inspired kernels, we develop a classification scheme that distinguishes between separable and entangled states, including PPT-detectable entangled states, and entangled states that evade PPT detection. Our method achieves increasing accuracy with system dimension, reaching $$80\%$$ 80 % , $$90\%$$ 90 % , and nearly $$100\%$$ 100 % for $$3\times 3$$ 3 × 3 , $$4\times 4$$ 4 × 4 , and $$5\times 5$$ 5 × 5 systems, respectively. Our results show that principal component analysis significantly enhances performance for small training sets. The study reveals important practical considerations regarding purity biases in the generation of data for this problem and examines the challenges of implementing these techniques on near-term quantum hardware. Our results demonstrate that machine learning can be an effective alternative to entanglement detection of higher-dimensional systems where conventional entanglement detection methods struggle. Our approach provides improved data generation protocols and can be readily implemented in hybrid classical-quantum architectures, overcoming current limitations.

Abstract Quantum pseudo-telepathy games, such as the Mermin–Peres magic square and the doily game, theoretically allow players to win with unit probability when using entangled quantum strategies. We quantitatively characterize the quantum advantage in these games and compare it with violations of two Bell inequalities: the Clauser-Horne–Shimony–Holt and the Collins–Gisin inequalities. The analysis is restricted to two families of two-qubit states: modified Werner states and Bell-diagonal states. For each case, we identify and quantify the regions of quantum state space that exhibit either a quantum advantage or a Bell inequality violation, relative to the set of all entangled states. Within these families, the doily game encompasses a larger fraction of entangled states than the Mermin–Peres magic square game, although both cover significantly smaller regions of entangled states compared to those where Bell inequalities are violated. Although both approaches are fundamentally linked to quantum contextuality, our analysis of the examined two-qubit state families suggests that Bell inequalities are more effective at revealing entanglement, even if pseudo-telepathy games offer a more intuitive and conceptually appealing perspective.

The fermionic t-J model has been widely recognized as a canonical model for broad range of strongly correlated phases, particularly the high-T_{c} superconductor. Simulating this model with controllable quantum platforms offers new possibilities to probe high-T_{c} physics, yet suffers challenges. Here we propose a novel scheme to realize a highly tunable extended t-J model in a programmable Rydberg-dressed tweezer array. Through engineering the Rydberg-dressed dipole-dipole interaction and intertweezer couplings, the fermionic t-J model with independently tunable exchange and hopping couplings is achieved. With the high tunability, we explore quantum many-body dynamics in the large J/t limit, a regime well beyond the conventional optical lattices and cuprates, and predict an unprecedented many-body self-pinning effect related to the local quantum entanglement with emergent conserved quantities. The self-pinning effect leads to novel nonthermal quantum many-body dynamics, which violates eigenstate thermalization hypothesis in Krylov subspace. Our prediction opens a new horizon in exploring exotic quantum many-body physics with t-J model, and shall also make a step toward simulating the high-T_{c} physics in neutral atom systems.

This paper systematically develops the concept of entanglement threads that characterize the entanglement structure of holographic duality. Behind this framework lies a simple philosophy: holographic quantum entanglement can be visualized using threadlike objects. Inspired by the fact that tensor network models can be deformed into a quantum circuit form with flow-conserving features, we abstract the concept of entanglement threads. These entanglement threads can be understood as a preset ensemble of wires in a holographic quantum circuit, and we propose that they characterize the underlying partially ordered structure of holographic quantum entanglement. Combining the concepts of entanglement threads and kinematic space, a elegant circuit interpretation for the holographic complexity is provided. We also clarify the connection and distinction between entanglement threads and the previously proposed concept of bit threads.

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a critical source of blindness that can be prevented globally, and accurate analysis of retinal fundus images enables early detection. Fundus images are often affected by multiple noise sources, which impair image quality and hinder the observation of delicate retinal structures, including microaneurysms and small blood vessels. Deep learning driven denoising models are computationally intensive and prone to overfitting on small medical datasets. In order to overcome these shortcomings, the present paper suggests a Quantum Denoising Autoencoder (QDAE), a hybrid quantum-classical architecture, which uses convolutional feature coding with parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) in latent space. The suggested QDAE applies quantum superposition and entanglement to improve the latent representations, thereby improving denoising and retinal detail preservation. Experiments on the Diabetic Retinopathy 224 × 224 (2019) dataset show that QDAE performs considerably better than classical denoising architectures, including CAE, ResNet, and DnCNN with PSNR of 38.8dB, SSIM of 0.96, and AMI of 0.88. The approach preserves delicate retinal patterns and intensity consistency, while incurring a slight computational overhead associated with shallow quantum circuits. The results presented above demonstrate that QDAE is a potential quantum-aided architecture for denoising retinal images and a feasible preprocessing procedure in early diabetic retinopathy.

Noise is inevitable in realistic quantum circuits. It arises randomly in space. Inspired by the spatial nonuniformity of the noise, we investigate the effects of spatial modulation on quantum phase transitions in a hybrid random Clifford circuit with a mixed initial state. As an efficient observable for extracting quantum entanglement in mixed states, we employ many-body negativity. The behavior of the many-body negativity well characterizes the presence of the phase transitions and its criticality. We find the effect of spatial nonuniformity in measurement probability on the phase transition. The criticality of the phase transition changes from that of uniform probability, which is elucidated by the argument of the Harris criterion. The critical correlation length exponent ν changes from ν < 2 for uniform probability to ν > 2 for spatially modulated probability. We further investigate a setting where a two-site random Clifford gate becomes spatially (quasi)modulated. We find that the modulation induces a phase transition, leading to a different pure phase where a short-range quantum entanglement remains.

In this paper, we explore the spiking encoding methodology within spiking neural networks for affective state recognition, deriving inspiration from the principles of quantum entanglement. A pioneering encoding strategy is proposed based on the strategic utilization of the quantum mechanical phenomenon of entanglement. By integrating quantum mechanisms into the spike-encoding pipeline, we aim to match the accuracy of existing encoders on emotion-classification tasks while retaining the inherently low-power advantage of spiking neural networks. Notably, leveraging the superposition of quantum bits and their potential quantum entanglement of adjacent values in feature space during encoding calculations, this quantum-inspired encoding paradigm holds substantial promise for augmenting information processing capabilities in brain-like neural networks. Through quantum observation, we derive spike trains characterized by quantum states, thereby establishing a foundation for experimental validation and subsequent investigative pursuits. We conducted experiments on emotion recognition and validated the effectiveness of our method.

Quantum entanglement by gravity as tests of gravitational collapse models à la Diósi and Penrose

Abstract Disordered quantum magnets are not only experimentally relevant, but offer efficient computational methodologies to calculate the low energy states as well as various measures of quantum correlations. Here, we present a systematic analysis of quantum entanglement in the paradigmatic random transverse-field Ising model in two dimensions, using an efficient implementation of the asymptotically exact strong disorder renormalization group method. The phase diagram is known to be governed by three distinct infinitely disordered fixed points (IDFPs) that we study here. For square subsystems, it has been recently established that quantum entanglement has a universal logarithmic correction due to the corners of the subsystem at all three IDFPs. This corner contribution has been proposed as an "entanglement susceptibility", a useful tool to locate the phase transition and to measure the correlation length critical exponent. Towards a deeper understanding, we quantify how the corner contribution depends on the shape of the subsystem. While the corner contribution remains universal, the shape-dependence is qualitatively different in each universality class, also confirmed by line segment subsystems, a special case of skeletal entanglement. Therefore, unlike in conformally invariant systems, in general different subsystem shapes are versatile probes to unveil new universal information on the phase transitions in disordered quantum systems.

Dynamics of quantum entanglement between photon and phonon modes in Coulomb-coupled optomechanical cavity magnonic systems

Plants exhibit rapid, coordinated responses to environmental stimuli despite lacking a central nervous system, prompting interest in non-classical signaling mechanisms. Recent findings in quantum biology indicate that quantum coherence and entanglement, previously considered too ephemeral for the hot, humid biological medium, could be the basis for certain types of plant signal transduction. This review integrates present knowledge on plant signaling networks and describes theoretical frameworks in which quantum behavior could be involved. Theoretical models, including site-based Hamiltonians for exciton transport in photosynthetic complexes, spin-Hamiltonian models of radical-pair processes in cryptochromes, and quantum percolation theories of plasmodesmatal transport, are reviewed. These models propose that plants might utilize quantum correlations to increase signal fidelity, energy efficiency, and adaptive response between tissues. Experimental evidence for coherence in photosynthesis and cryptochrome-mediated magnetoreception supports these models. Quantum entanglement is proposed to improve long-distance communication and energy transfer in plants. Implications for practical applications range from quantum-informed crop breeding, precision farming, and efficient resource management. Future research directions, including experimental verification of quantum signatures in vivo, are outlined, with implications for bio-inspired quantum engineering in agriculture. Combining quantum mechanics and plant biology provides a paradigm-changing view of plant communication and opens new interdisciplinary horizons in fundamental science and agricultural innovations.

Abstract Intrinsically topologically ordered phases can host anyons. Here, we take the view that entanglement between anyons can give rise to an emergent geometry resembling Anti-de Sitter (AdS) space. We analyze the entanglement structure of fractionalized anyons using mutual information and interpret the results within this emergent geometric framework. As a concrete example, we consider pairs of e/2-charged semions that arise from instanton configurations in a disordered zigzag graphene nanoribbon. These fractional charges, located on opposite zigzag edges, show long-range quantum entanglement despite being spatially separated. We analyze the scale dependence of their entanglement and embed the ribbon into an AdS-like bulk geometry. In this setup, the entanglement structure defines minimal surfaces in the bulk, providing a geometric view of the edge correlations. This gives a holographic picture of fractionalized degrees of freedom in quasi-one-dimensional systems and shows how quantum entanglement can generate emergent geometry even without conformal symmetry.

Quantum information science and technology have been revolutionizing daily life, attracting the curiosity of younger generations from diverse backgrounds. However, owing to the abstract and counterintuitive nature of quantum mechanics, the teaching and learning of quantum information science is challenging in the context of non-physics majors. As an essential resource in quantum information science, quantum entanglement plays an important role in various quantum information systems. Therefore, it is crucial for students to grasp the unique properties of quantum entanglement. However, its counterintuitive nature makes it particularly difficult for undergraduates to comprehend this important phenomenon. Virtual laboratories have emerged as an effective solution to these challenges. This paper presents the findings of pedagogical research on the efficacy of a virtual laboratory platform in general education courses on quantum information science. Specifically, a virtual laboratory activity based on the Bell test was developed using a commercially available Quantum Optical Simulation Laboratory, QLab. The experiential activity is designed to help undergraduates from diverse academic disciplines understand the counterintuitive, yet foundational, concept of quantum entanglement. Qualitative and quantitative evaluations conducted over three academic years, using carefully designed questionnaires, indicated that the virtual laboratory enabled over 80% of students to grasp the complex concepts of quantum entanglement. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the virtual laboratory in making abstract quantum concepts accessible and engaging, regardless of students’ prior knowledge of advanced mathematics or their technical skills. Despite certain limitations, such as the relatively small sample sizes in the last two semesters, this study offers valuable insights and a practical framework for addressing the challenges of teaching quantum information science in undergraduate curricula, particularly within general education courses designed for both science and non-science students.

This article introduces quantum fractal art, a novel fusion of quantum computing and fractal mathematics that reimagines the classic Julia set through the lens of quantum mechanics. Rooted in foundational principles such as quantum superposition and entanglement, the work explores how quantum-derived complex numbers can be used to generate fractal imagery, creating a unique intersection between quantum computational science and visual art. By leveraging quantum circuits to manipulate quantum states, these complex-numbered outputs are embedded into fractal-generating functions, transforming quantum information into intricate and expressive visual forms. The article also examines the aesthetic potential of quantum noise and explores the symbolic dimensions of fractal forms. It further highlights collaborative efforts with contemporary artists to engage with philosophical themes inspired by quantum theory. Quantum fractal art is an emerging genre at the intersection of science and art, uniquely harnessing quantum principles to expand creative frontiers while offering deeper insight into the quantum world.