Amount Of Beef Research Articles

Sausage meat product enriched by jida

The development strategy aimed at creating the independence of the use of our raw materials by domestic meat producers is currently achieving the following goals: building modern production facilities and introducing new primary and processing technologies; expanding the assortment of meat products. The scientific research works carried out during the development of technology for the production of meat products by replacing a certain amount of beef or chicken with vegetable raw materials are important. Production of meat products based on these raw materials allows effective use of local raw materials, production of functional products and expansion of the range of meat products. The purpose of the study is to consider the features of the production technology of sausage meat product enriched with jida. The article presents the processing of the meat product production technology by enriching its composition with raw materials of vegetable origin - jida powder and the analysis of the mineral content of the finished product. The research work was carried out at the "Food Engineering" department of the M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University and at the "Construction and Biochemical Materials" regional test laboratory of engineering profile. Raster electron microscope (REM) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) methods were used to determine the amount of mineral substances in meat products - sausage. The specialty of this work is the technology of product production using vegetable raw materials to enrich the content of meat products - sausages with minerals. Vegetable raw material - jida powder, by using it in the production of functional meat products, enriches the mineral content of meat products, and also by replacing a small part of meat raw materials, contributes to increasing the yield of the product. Jida powder is a vegetable raw material that is soluble in cold water and rich in dietary fiber, vitamin C, flavonoids and organic acids and does not cause losses in the production of food product. Jida powder production technology consists of: cleaning berries from dust and impuri[1]ties (passing them through a sorting fan); crushing (optimal duration of berry crushing in the IV-1 crusher τ= 52-65 sec, rotation speed of the working body 12000 rpm); drying (dry in the sun for fruits with a high sugar content).

Transcriptomic analysis reveals the inhibitory effect of beta-sitosterol on proliferation of bovine preadipocytes

Fat deposition affects beef quantity and quality via preadipocyte proliferation. Beta-sitosterol, a natural small molecular compound, has various functions, such as anti-inflammation, antibacterial, and anticancer properties. The mechanism of action of Beta-sitosterol on bovine preadipocytes remains unclear. This study, based on RNA-seq, reveals the impact of Beta -sitosterol on the proliferation of bovine preadipocytes. Compared to the control group, Beta-sitosterol demonstrated a more pronounced inhibitory effect on cell proliferation after 48 hours of treatment than after 24 hours, as evidenced by the results of EdU staining and flow cytometry. RNA-seq and Western Blot analyses further substantiated these findings. Our results suggest that the impact of Beta-sitosterol on the proliferation of bovine preadipocytes is not significant after a 24-hour treatment. It is only after extending the treatment time to 48 hours that Beta-sitosterol may induce cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase by suppressing the expression of CCNB1, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of bovine preadipocytes.

Food consumption in Brazil: influence of beef on environmental impact and nutritional quality of the diet.

To estimate beef consumption and its influence on carbon and water footprints, as well as to improve the nutritional quality of the Brazilian diet. The amount of beef and other foods consumed was evaluated by two 24-hour food records in a representative sample of the Brazilian population ≥ 10 years of age (n = 32,853) from 2008 to 2009. The environmental impact of the diet considered the coefficients of the carbon footprint (gCO2 and/kg) and the water footprint (liters/kg) of the foods, as well as their nutritional quality considering the nutrient composition of each food associated with the prevention of nutritional deficiencies or the increase/decrease in chronic disease risk. Linear and logistic regression models, crude and adjusted for sex, age, education, income, region, and area, were used to respectively study the association of fifths of the caloric contribution of beef with the environmental impacts of the diet and inadequate nutrient intake. Carbon and water footprints and protein, iron, zinc, vitamin B12, saturated fat, and sodium contents were higher in the fraction of the diet composed of beef, whereas fiber and added sugar contents were higher in the fraction composed by the other foods. Dietary beef contribution was directly associated with the carbon and water footprints of the diet and the risk of saturated fat and sodium excess, besides fiber insufficiency, inversely associated with the risk of protein, iron, zinc, and vitamin B12 insufficiency. Reducing beef consumption in Brazil would also reduce the carbon and water footprints of the diet, as well as the risk of chronic diseases related to food. Therefore, in order not to increase the risk of nutritional deficiencies, monitoring the increased intake of other foods rich in protein, iron, zinc, and vitamin B12 is suggested.

Cattle stock (Bos taurus) in Yeniseysk (Krasnoyarsk Krai) in the 18th–19th centuries

As a result of the large-scale rescue excavations on the territory of the town of Yeniseysk (58°27'N, 92°10'E) in Eastern Siberia, a large osteological collection has been assembled. In this study, cattle bone remains from the excavations on the territory of the architectural complex ‘Balandin mansion’ have been analysed. The deposits of the mansion span both the initial period of settlement in Yeniseysk, almost from the moment of its foundation, as well as the late period — the end of the 19th century. The focus of the livestock production in the 17th–19th cen-turies in Yeniseysk was cattle breeding. The sex and age structure of the herd and size of the body of the animals have been reconstructed using special techniques from the parameters of the lower jaws and size of the metatar-sal, metacarpal, and talus bones, as well as the first phalanges. On this basis, the breed characteristics and cases of economic use of the cattle have been described. The presence of a large percentage of newborn ani-mals indicates that the cattle were kept within the town territory. Some amount of beef was imported to Yeniseysk as a result of the trade with indigenous cattle farmers. The reconstructed age and sex structure, where about 50 % of animals are cows older than 4 years, while the proportion of young animals among the slaughtered stock does not exceed 40 %, indicates the meat-and-dairy use of the cattle. The livestock was predominantly horned, and the polledness was not pronounced. Yeniseysk livestock had an average body size. The cattle in Yeniseysk were bigger than those of the Russian population in the forest belt of the European part of Russia. The sizes of cattle from other Russian cities in Siberia are identical to the Yenisei cattle. With a high degree of probability, the de-scribed breed can be attributed to the Siberian cattle, which were widespread on the territory of Siberia, the Urals, and the Far East.

Development factors of the state of the livestock sector in Uzbekistan

In each district of Uzbekistan, 3,000 inter-farm fattening enterprises have been established, and the weight of young cattle has reached 450-550 kilograms. Large quantities of beef were produced. It should be noted that the largest industrial complexes (10,000 heads) have been operating effectively. In this research, the state and development of animal husbandry in Uzbekistan for 1985-2017, issues of selection and breeding of cattle, the use of feed resources, the results of the privatization of livestock facilities and animals were studied. Besides, different fodder crops, including alfalfa (hay), oats, feed peas, barley, maize (for silage and grain), seed for intermediate crops, and soybean, were studied and analyzed in term of structure of arable land (%), arable land (ha), productivity (quintals/ha), gross yield (tons). According to the results, the area of land allocated to livestock farms with 500 head of cattle, including 200 cows (380 conditional cattle), was 115 hectares (0.30 hectares for each conditional cattle). According to the results of the experiment, it was proposed to plant alfalfa in 25% of this fodder area and intermediate and secondary fodder crops in 75%.

Proximate Composition and Sensory Preference of Beef Sausages with Unripe Jackfruit

Underutilization of jackfruit and demand for healthier meat product with nutritional benefits and similar taste to meat had led to this study which to evaluate the proximate composition, and consumer preference of beef sausage with different ratio of unripe jackfruit. Five formulations of beef sausage were prepared with different amount of beef to unripe jackfruit were: Control (65:0), A (48.75:16.26), B (32.5:32.5), C (16.25:48.75), and D (0:65). Results found that carbohydrate contents of beef sausage with unripe jackfruit were higher (P>0.05) than in control sausage but were lower (P>0.05) in protein, fat, and fibre content. However, results found that all sausages with unripe jackfruit were found significantly higher (P<0.05) in moisture content, and ash compared to control beef sausage. As expected, hedonic test found that consumers preferred (P<0.05) control beef sausage compared to other formulations. Beef sausage incorporated with 25% unripe jackfruit (formulation A) was the most preferred by consumers in texture, taste, and overall acceptance among all sausages with unripe jackfruit. These findings obtained that formulation of beef sausage incorporated with unripe jackfruit could be accepted by consumers.

Opportunities and Challenges for Pastoral Beef Cattle Production in Ethiopia

The beef cattle production sector plays a crucial role in the livelihoods of pastoral farmers in Ethiopia, and it is the main source of beef animals for domestic and foreign markets. As compared to other African countries, Ethiopia has a huge beef cattle population (65.35 million heads). However, the quality and quantity of beef, as well as per capita meat consumption of Ethiopians, are very low (8.4 kg/individual/year). In this sense, the goal of this review was to provide and synthesize the most validated scientific information on the opportunities and challenges for pastoral beef cattle production in Ethiopia. The potential for pastoral beef cattle producers in Ethiopia included population growth, urbanization, literacy, and family income, as well as high demand for beef animals in domestic and foreign markets. In contrast, problems with beef cattle production systems, diseases, shortages of feed and water, lack of veterinary services, droughts, lack of market access and infrastructure, illegal animal trades, and poor genetic potential of indigenous cattle are among the limiting factors that hamper efficient beef production in the country. In Ethiopia, the yield and compositional quality of beef are very low compared to other African countries and the global market in general. Therefore, empowering pastoral beef cattle producers will help us to supply high quality and quantity of beef and will ensure sustainable beef cattle production with an identified market destination and access.

THE DEMAND FOR BEEF IN WESTERN ZONE OF BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIA

The study analyzed the demand for beef in western zone of Bauchi State, Nigeria. It specifically described the socio-economic characteristics of beef consumers; estimated the effects of socio-economic characteristics of the respondents on the demand for beef; described the pattern of beef demand; described the spatial and temporal price variability of beef; determined the factors affecting the demand for beef; and identified and described the constraints affecting the demand for beef in the study area. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 341 respondents from the study area. Out of the 341 questionnaire administered to the sampled households, 335 copies were correctly filled and eligible for data analysis; giving a response rate of 98%. Also, 10 beef marketers were randomly selected from the major markets in the study area. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed a mean age of 43 years among the respondents, with an average monthly income of N23,575 and a mean monthly expenditure on food items of N24,416. The coefficients of household size, education, and monthly income positively influenced the quantity of beef demanded at P<0.01 level of significance; and age of the household head inversely influenced the quantity of beef demanded. Furthermore, 70% of the respondents consumed beef frequently and beef was rated as the most (67.5%) preferred, egg (35.2%) and fish (26.3%) products. The spatial and temporal price variability analysis showed fair level of fluctuations with a rise in price of beef in 2019. Beef prices were volatile especially in Birshi market which had the highest price value of ₦1,800 per kilogram. The price of beef, household expenditure on other food items, and distance to the market significantly (P<0.01) reduced the quantity of beef demanded; and price of mutton significantly and positively (P<0.01) affected the demand for beef. Low monthly income (-0.843), preference for substitutes (0.764) and low nutritive value (0.589) were the major constraints to beef demand among households in the study area. The study concluded and recommended that increase in households’ income and reducing beef prices would be an effective strategy to increase the quantity of beef demanded, as it will uplift households’ relative purchasing power.

Effects of Corn Silage Inclusion Level and Type of Anabolic Implant on Animal Growth Performance, Apparent Total Tract Digestibility, Beef Production per Hectare, and Carcass Characteristics of Finishing Steers.

Simple SummaryCorn silage has long been a staple feed ingredient in cattle diets throughout the Midwest region of the United States. The most recent Feedlot Consulting Nutritionist Survey indicated that corn silage was the primary and secondary roughage source used in finishing diets by 37.5% of respondents. Using the entirety of the corn plant for feed allows for producers to quickly harvest feed tonnage. A common belief is that one should only include enough corn silage in a finishing ration to maintain rumen health. However, previous research conducted by our research group suggested that feeding increased levels of corn silage could increase the quantity of beef produced per hectare of cropland. Another aspect to consider when finishing cattle is implant type. Today a wide variety of implants are available, including polymer barrier coated and non-coated implants. Coated implants can provide an extended release of trenbolone acetate and estradiol for up to 200 days post-implantation. The objectives of the current study were to determine the influence of corn silage inclusion level and terminal implant type on animal growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility, carcass traits, and beef production per hectare of cropland in finishing steers harvested at common rib fat thickness.Maine-Anjou × Angus cross-bred steers (n = 156 steers; initial body weight (BW) 366 ± 37.2 kg) were used in a 132 d finishing study conducted at the Ruminant Nutrition Center (RNC) in Brookings, SD. Steers were blocked by weight (n = 5 BW blocks) and randomly assigned to an implant and dietary treatment of a randomized complete block design with each pen containing seven to eight steers (n = 20 pens). Dietary treatments consisted of (1) 15% (CS15) or (2) 30% corn silage (CS30) where corn silage displaced corn grain in the diet. Steers received one of two implants (both from Zoetis, Parsippany, NJ) containing equal doses of trenbolone acetate (TBA) and estradiol benzoate (EB): (1) Synovex PLUS (non-coated implant; 200 mg TBA and 28 mg EB; PLUS) or (2) Synovex ONE Feedlot (coated implant; 200 mg TBA and 28 mg EB; ONE-F). Bunks were managed using a slick bunk approach, and all diets contained dry matter (DM) basis 33 mg/kg monensin sodium. All steers were offered ad libitum access to feed, and feeding occurred twice daily in equal portions. There was no interaction between the implant and dietary treatment for any variables measured (p ≥ 0.08). Carcass-adjusted basis final BW, average daily gain (ADG), and grain to feed (G:F) were increased (p ≤ 0.02) by 2.2%, 6.5%, and 7.2%, respectively, for CS15. Observed net energy (NE) and the ratio of observed-to-expected NE for maintenance and gain was not influenced (p ≥ 0.15) by silage inclusion treatment. Beef production per hectare was not impacted (p ≥ 0.13) by corn silage inclusion level. Fecal output was increased, and digestibility coefficients for dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein were decreased in CS30 (p ≤ 0.03). Dressing percent and hot carcass weight (HCW) were greater (p ≤ 0.02) in CS15. Implant type did not influence any traits measured (p ≥ 0.14) except for marbling. Marbling was decreased for PLUS (433 vs. 466 ± 17.5; p = 0.02) compared to ONE-F steers. Similar beef produced per hectare of crop land-based upon silage feeding level means producers can feed greater inclusions of corn silage to finishing cattle without impacting carcass quality or beef production; implanting with a coated implant had no detrimental effects to growth performance but increases marbling scores.

Carcass and non-carcass characteristics of Bunaji (White Fulani) cattle

Offal parts and carcass component data from 40 Bunaji bulls bought from open market and culled from the herds were slaughtered for beef at the meat laboratory of the National Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI) were used to determine the carcass components and Offal yield of bunaji cattle. Dressing percentages of the caule ranges between 53.05±1.44 and 51.03±0.23 for the bulls and cows respectively. The differences were not significant (P>0.05). The bulls have significantly (P<0.05) heavier live weight, carcass weight, quantity of beef and hump muscles than cows. On the average the bulls gave 119.03±3.22kg of beef compared to 110.77±7.22kg of boneless beef produced by the cows. This value represented about 65.55±0.51 and 63.8±1.14% of the carcass weight of the bulls and cows respectively. The bulls have significantly (p<0.05) heavier external offal (54.75±1.72kg) than the cows (43.38±2.44kg). These represented about 17.28±0.23 and 15.28±0.71% of the live weight of the bulls and cow's respectively. The total internal offal (liver, kidney, heart, spleen, lungs, trachea, stomach and intestines) are similar (P<0.05) between the bulls and cows and represented about 5.25±0.15 and 6.75±0.34% of the carcass weight of the bulls and cows respectively. The results of this study show that the File Fulani cattle compared favorably with other African breeds in terms of carcass and non-carcass output. However, a larger proportion of the weight is in the external offal that are nutritionally of low value.

The effect of single-nucleotide polymorphisms within heat shock protein beta 1 on beef quantity in Korean native steers.

Heat shock protein beta 1 (HSPB1), a member of the heat-shock family of protein, is a relatively small (27 kDa) molecular chaperone protein associated with cellular development. The relationship between HSPB1 expression and muscle growth in beef cattle has previously been reported, but there have been no reports of DNA markers related to meat quantity in Korean native steers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within HSPB1 in terms of the carcass traits related to muscle growth in Korean native steers. Through direct sequencing, we discovered three SNPs: g.111 T > C SNP (rs208395876) and g.2548 C > G SNP (rs483014585) were respectively located in 5 UTR (untranslated region) and 3 UTR. Further, g.2352 T > C SNP (rs110832311) was located in the adjacent region of the RNA splicing site. The least square means of steers with a CC genotype of g.111 T > C SNP had a significantly higher meat ratio ( 0.04), while the least square means of steers with a CC genotype of g.2352 T > C SNP had a significantly higher meat ratio ( 0.002) and lower back-fat thickness ( 0.004) than those of the other genotype. Moreover, although the least square means of steers with CC-CC, CT-CC, and TT-CC genotypes were significantly decreased for back-fat thickness, they were significantly increased for the meat ratio. Therefore, our results suggested that g.111 T > C SNP and g.2352 T > C SNP could be a causal mutation related to an adipose metabolism in Korean cattle steer.

Breeding animals to feed people: The many roles of animal reproduction in ensuring global food security

As the population grows and shifts demographically, the resulting increase in demand for beef and milk necessitates improvements in the sustainability of ruminant livestock production systems. Ruminant livestock contribute to ensuring global food security because they have the ability to up-cycle non-human-edible products into meat and milk products with notable nutritional value. However, ruminant livestock also pose a challenge to global food sustainability because they are resource-intensive to produce and contribute substantially to agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. As such, improving environmental impacts of ruminant livestock production globally is an essential goal. There are a number of strategies that can be employed to enhance sustainability of ruminant production systems; however, improving reproductive efficiency is among the more efficient, because an increase in reproductive success will reduce the number of cows needed to produce a target quantity of beef. This reduction in the cow herd size helps limit the number of unproductive animals retained in the herd, thereby reducing the environmental maintenance cost of livestock production. Additionally, proper application of reproductive technologies enables faster and more targeted advances in genetic gains, which can be leveraged to produce phenotypes that are resource-use-efficient and well-adapted to their production environment. Optimizing reproductive efficiency can be accomplished through improved genetic selection for fertility and fecundity; applying more effective use of assisted reproductive technologies; and coupling reproductive and nutritional management to optimize likelihood of reproductive success. Collectively, applying these approaches will be essential when working to ensure ruminant livestock’s contribution to global food security.

Effect of DNA markers on the fertility traits of Japanese Black cattle for improving beef quantity and quality.

Carcass traits have been efficiently improved by recent selection using DNA markers in beef cattle. Additionally, DNA markers might have an effect on other traits such as fertility traits; therefore attention should also be paid to such pleiotropic effects. However, the effects of the markers on both carcass and fertility traits have never been evaluated in the same population, since they are generally measured in different populations. The objective in the current study was to discuss effectiveness of DNA markers developed for carcass traits through investigation of their effects on carcass and fertility traits in a population. We genotyped six markers SCD V293A, FASN g.841G>C, PLAG1 g.49066C>G, NCAPG I442M, DGAT1 K232A, and EDG1 g.1471620G>T in a Japanese Black cattle population (). To investigate their effects on carcass and fertility traits, we performed statistical analysis (ANOVA and the Tukey–Kramer honestly significant difference (HSD) test). In the results, three of six markers, SCD V293A, NCAPG I442M, and EGD1 g.1471620G>T, were significantly associated with both carcass and fertility traits. Remarkably, the same allele for each marker had positive effects on both traits, suggesting that we would be able to simultaneously improve them using these markers in this population. However, previous studies reported that the effects of DNA markers could differ among populations. Therefore, it is necessary to confirm the effect of the marker in each population before it is used for improvement.

Effect of Ingested Beef Quantity on Daily Muscle Protein Synthesis During Resistance Training in Middle-aged Adults (P08-068-19)

ObjectivesHigh protein diets (>1.6 g/kg/d) are thought to maximize daily myofibrillar protein synthesis (MPS) rates to resistance exercise training. Current research has focused on isolated protein sources to stimulate MPS disregarding other nutritional factors within a healthy diet. Therefore, we examined the impact of dietary counseling underlining food-focused healthy eating patterns equally distributing protein through high-quality sources at the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) or in excess on resistance exercise mediated daily rates of MPS in middle-aged adults. MethodsNineteen healthy middle-aged adults (11 M, 8F, 48 ± 7 y, BMI: 28.9 ± 3.7 kg/m2, 7451 ± 4957 steps/d) were randomized to consume protein at the RDA (0.8–1.0 g/kg/d, n = 10) or twice the RDA (2 × RDA, 1.6–1.8 g/kg/d, n = 9) for 2 weeks. Participants were counseled to equally distribute protein between meals and consumed either 15 g (RDA) or 30 g (2 × RDA) protein from lean beef in immediately post-exercise and nightly. Week 0 (−7 to 0 d) served as a dietary habituation, and week 1 (1–8 d) included whole body resistance exercise sessions (3/wk) with the dietary intervention. On 0 d, participants ingested 5 mL/kg over 10.5 h of deuterated water (2H2O) for deuterium enrichment of body water, with maintenance daily doses of 0.625 mL/kg/d 2H2O for days 1–8. Repeated saliva and muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis were collected throughout the 1-week intervention to assess daily rates of MPS. ResultsThe 2 × RDA group (1.6 ± 0.4 g/kg/d) consumed significantly more protein than the RDA group (1.0 ± 0.4 g/kg/d, P = 0.01). Steady-state body water enrichment was not different (P = 0.94) between the 2 × RDA (0.9 ± 0.3%) or RDA (0.9 ± 0.1%) groups. Daily MPS was not different (P = 0.43) between RDA (0.91 ± 0.2%/d) and 2 × RDA groups (1.13 ± 0.6%/d) during the 1-week intervention. ConclusionsDaily MPS with resistance exercise training is not altered by a more protein-dense diet when at least the RDA is consumed in middle-aged adults. Our data suggest that multi-component nutritional strategies focusing on protein quality, distribution, and timing may supersede the importance of only considering total quantity to support early hypertrophic protein remodeling with resistance exercise. Funding SourcesThis work was supported by funds provided by the National Cattleman’s Beef Association.

Abstract 045: The Dose-Response Effect of a Mediterranean Style Diet With Lean Beef on Lipids and Lipoproteins

A Mediterranean dietary pattern is widely recommended because of an extensive evidence base showing beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and mortality. The reduction in cardiovascular mortality is due, in part, to the improvements in lipids and lipoproteins versus a Western dietary pattern. Plant-based diets such as a Mediterranean diet are recommended for CVD risk reduction. However, adherence to plant-based diets is often hampered by the limited or restricted intake of red meat, a staple of the American diet. We conducted a multicenter, 4-period controlled feeding, randomized crossover study at Penn State University and USDA-Beltsville to evaluate the effects of a Mediterranean diet (CHO 42%, PRO 17%, FAT 41%, SFA 8%, MUFA 26%, PUFA 8%) with different quantities of lean beef (0.5, 2.5 and 5.5 oz/day) compared to an Average American diet (AAD; CHO 52%, PRO 15%, FAT 33%, SFA 12%, MUFA 13%, PUFA 8%) on CVD risk factors. We tested the hypothesis that including 0.5, 2.5 or 5.5 oz/d (based on 2100 kcals) of lean beef in a healthy Mediterranean style diet will confer similar cardioprotective benefits, and be superior to an AAD. Each Mediterranean diet included 7oz. equivalents of protein, of which 0.5, 2.5 or 5.5 oz. came from beef and the remainder from fish, poultry, pork, nuts, eggs, and legumes. The quantities of beef reflect amounts consumed in a traditional Mediterranean diet (0.5 oz.), current consumption in the U.S. (2.5 oz.), and an amount that represents all animal protein equivalents (5.5 oz.). Participants (n=60; 30 per site) included generally healthy normal to overweight/obese males and females (BMI= 20-38 kg/m 2 ) 30 to 60 years. Participants were randomized to each of the 4 diets for 4 weeks with an approximate 2-week break between treatments. Fasting blood samples were collected on two consecutive days at baseline (start of study) and at the end of each 4-week period. All three Mediterranean diets elicited similar lowering of total cholesterol (TC; p<0.0001), LDL-C (p<0.001), non-HDL-C (p<0.0001) and apolipoprotein B (apoB) (p<0.0001) that was greater than the AAD. All diets (AAD, MED0.5, MED2.5 and MED5.5) decreased HDL-C (-3.46 ± 1.11, -4.93 ± 1.14, -4.44 ± 0.93, and -3.31 ± 1.20 mg/dl, respectively; p<0.01) and apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) (-8.63 ± 1.77, -11.45 ± 1.72, -11.21 ± 1.71, and -7.97 ± 1.90 mg/dl, respectively; p<0.0001). The MED5.5 attenuated the reduction in apoA1 versus the other two MED diets (p<0.05). In conclusion, a healthy Mediterranean Style diet containing 0.5 to 5.5 oz/day of lean beef improves multiple CVD risk factors compared to a current American dietary pattern.

ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING BEEF SUPPLY IN THE DISTRICT DELI SERDANG

One reason for the low number of beef consumption in Indonesia in particular Deli Serdang is the least amount of beef offered traders. Therefore, a study was conducted in March 2016 to April 2016 to examine the factors that influence the beef supply in Deli Serdang. The method used was survey with interviews to traders guided by questionnaire. The sample selection started on the personal judgment of researchers who claimed that the selected sample truly represented. Methods of data collection were to collect primary and secondary data. The results showed that marketing cost factors and profit affected the amount of beef offered. The purchase price was not influenced of a great day and the influence of other commodities not affect partially on the amount of beef offered.

Nationwide shift to grass-fed beef requires larger cattle population

In the US, there is growing interest in producing more beef from cattle raised in exclusively pasture-based systems, rather than grain-finishing feedlot systems, due to the perception that it is more environmentally sustainable. Yet existing understanding of the environmental impacts of exclusively pasture-based systems is limited by a lack of clarity about cattle herd dynamics. We model a nationwide transition from grain- to grass-finishing systems using demographics of present-day beef cattle. In order to produce the same quantity of beef as the present-day system, we find that a nationwide shift to exclusively grass-fed beef would require increasing the national cattle herd from 77 to 100 million cattle, an increase of 30%. We also find that the current pastureland grass resource can support only 27% of the current beef supply (27 million cattle), an amount 30% smaller than prior estimates. If grass-fed systems include cropland-raised forage, a definition that conforms to typical grass-fed certifications, these supplemental feeds can support an additional 34 million cattle to produce up to 61% of the current beef supply. Given the potential of forage feed croplands to compete with human food crop production, more work is required to determine optimal agricultural land uses. Future US demand in an entirely grass-and forage-raised beef scenario can only be met domestically if beef consumption is reduced, due to higher prices or other factors. If beef consumption is not reduced and is instead satisfied by greater imports of grass-fed beef, a switch to purely grass-fed systems would likely result in higher environmental costs, including higher overall methane emissions. Thus, only reductions in beef consumption can guarantee reductions in the environmental impact of US food systems.

Evaluation of Islamic Management of Beef Cattle Development program of Lembaga Mandiri Mengakar Masyarakat: Pondok pesantren al Mawaddah Warrahmah Kolaka - Sulawesi Tenggara Case

<p>The purpose of the research were to analyze the level of achievement of islamic management on beef cattle development program of Lembaga Mandiri Mengakar Masyarakat in Pondok Pesantren Al Mawaddah Warrahmah Kolaka-Sulawesi Tenggara Case. The research was conducted January 2012-January 2016. Independent agencies are Rooted in the Community in Pondok Pesantren Al Mawaddah Warrahmah as respondent were selected. The data were statistically analyzed by descriptive analysis to analyze the achievement of the program. The result showed that the achievement level of amount of beef was high in periode 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015 (75, 78.5, 75, and 88.88 % respectively), number of farmer was low (100, 100, 100, and 57.4% respectively) from its target, profit sharing was high (Rp.10.425.000, Rp.16.700.000, Rp.17.500.000, dan Rp.21.025.000).). That can be concluded that program of independent agencies are rooted in the community (LM3) in Pondok Pesantren Al Mawaddah Warrahmah case is effective.</p>

Persistence of Traditional Lifeways by Early Chinese Immigrants: Faunal Evidence from the High Lung Laundry (CA-SBA-2752H) Santa Barbara, California

Analysis of 41,000 faunal specimens from a family-run nineteenth-century Chinese laundry in Santa Barbara, California, reveals the tenacity with which these early Asian immigrants retained their traditional lifeways. Over three decades, the meat portion of the laundrymen’s diet consisted largely of Sus scrofa (swine) (85%) with lesser quantities of beef, fish, and barnyard fowl. Invertebrate seafood, cat, and turtle added to the distinctly Chinese menu. These findings are much like those from numerous other coeval immigrant sites in California and other western states. While dietary pattern is a strong indicator of ethnic identity, it is only one way to assess cultural integration. Nevertheless, the protracted retention of this traditional diet suggests limited assimilation into the social context of Santa Barbara while at the same time the immigrant laundrymen performed an important economic function within the community.

English

The objective of this study was to determine beef consumption and evaluate the knowledge of consumers on meat quality in Maroua city in the Far North Region of Cameroon. To achieve this, 202 households selected using a gripped map and random selection method were surveyed. The cookers or cooks were surveyed and observed in each household. During this survey, the pieces of beef, as cuts before cooking, were weighted and the quantity of beef consumed per person was calculated. The influence of socio economic and demographic factors related to consumer (religion, age, monthly income, number of person in the household and district) on beef consumption was also evaluated. Overall, 96% of the surveyed households consumed meat and among them, 98% eat beef. Beef is consumed the most (72%), followed by goat (21%), sheep (5%), chicken (1%) and pork (1%). In majority of the beef-eating households (39%), cattle meat was eaten two or three times per week. In addition, a person consumed 133.25 ± 33.49 g of beef per day and this consumption rate was affected by the age, monthly income and the district position. During the evaluation of consumer’s knowledge on meat quality, color and tenderness were found to be the most important factors for consumers. These findings suggest that meat consumption in the livestock production area in Cameroon is very important as it is higher than that observed in the whole Cameroon and in Africa. Thus Cameroonian government should focus on improving meat consumption in consumption zones. Key words: Beef, consumer, consumption, household, meat.