Quantitative Survey Research Articles

Exploring Educators’ Perception of and Readiness for Hybrid Flexible Learning in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in Higher Education

In Malaysia, technical and vocational education and training (TVET) focuses on equipping students with practical skills for specific careers, blending classroom instruction with hands-on training. Regarding hybrid flexible (HyFlex) learning, which integrates face-to-face and online instruction, TVET institutions face both opportunities and challenges in incorporating digital tools into practical training. This study explores educators’ perceptions of and readiness for HyFlex learning in TVET higher education. A quantitative survey was conducted with 30 purposively selected educators to assess their attitudes, beliefs, and preparedness concerning HyFlex implementation. The data were collected through an online questionnaire and analyzed using the SPSS v25 software. The educators viewed HyFlex learning positively, with mean scores above 3.29 indicating approval of its benefits. They also felt confident about students’ success (mean = 4.16) and their own technological skills (mean = 3.92). However, concerns were noted regarding increased workload (mean = 3.44) and the need for better training and resources, as reflected in the lower scores for instructional design (mean = 3.54) and access to resources (mean = 3.77). Therefore, enhancements in training and resources are necessary. This study recommends strategies to improve educators’ readiness, including the provision of clear workload guidelines, support for instructional design, professional development, technological resources, and a supportive institutional culture. Addressing these areas will facilitate more effective and sustainable adoption of HyFlex learning models. KEYWORDS hybrid flexible learning, educator perception, readiness, TVET, higher education, instructional design

Whose children are they? Using Kymlicka on multiculturalism to evaluate rights and freedom in Christian home education

ABSTRACT This paper considers the so far unresearched position of Christian home education in England and, specifically, the implications of the proposed English Schools Bill (2022) for this minority religious group. We consider the case for external protection of their practices, as well as charges of internal restriction within the context of largely unregulated home education. Quantitative and qualitative survey data from 462 Christian home educators is analysed to elucidate the minority positioning of the group before considering whether sufficient opportunities exist within the proffered education to proselytise, question and reject the faith if desired. We conclude that Christian home educators in the UK constitute a minority group in need of political recognition to continue in the educational aspects of their faith. We also conclude that whilst, in this data set, internal restrictions are not evident, Christian home education is not homogenous. We argue that opportunities for heresy and apostasy need to be clearly open to children being educated at home for religious reasons but argue that further research and a theoretical framing of ongoing public debate, rather than recourse to law, constitute a way forward more likely to protect pluralism and minority freedoms.

Overview of Fat, Alcohol and Sodium Consumption Habits in Men Aged 25-55 Years in North Tapanuli Regency

<p><em>Hypertension is a condition of increased persistent blood pressure with a systolic pressure of 140 mmHg and a diastolic pressure of more than 90 mmHg. Hypertension can be triggered by unhealthy consumption habits such as consumption of foods containing high fat, drinking coffee, alcohol and smoking can stimulate constriction of blood vessels so as to increase blood pressure. This type of research is a quantitative analytic survey with a Cross Sectional design to find the relationship of risk factors affecting the occurrence of disease, this study was conducted to analyze the determinants of hypertension based on consumption habits (frequency of fat and sodium intake) and alcohol consumption in North Tapanuli Regency. Based on calculations using the Lemeshow formula, the minimum sample size required in this study was 93 with the addition of 10 percent. Thus, 103 samples were needed to achieve a confidence level of 95 percent. Measurement of the incidence of hypertension was obtained through direct measurement using a mercury spygmomanometer twice with a 5-minute measurement interval conducted by medical personnel. The incidence of hypertension can be categorized according to the Ministry of Health (2013), namely not hypertension if blood pressure ≤140/90 and hypertension if blood pressure >140/90. Based on the results of the study, it was found that there was an effect of alcohol consumption on the incidence of hypertension in men aged 22-25 years in North Tapanuli Regency. While the variables of fat and sodium consumption habits have no influence on the incidence of hypertension. Therefore, it is expected that each puskmesmas of North Tapanuli Regency can hold Posbindu PTM in an area that is easily accessible and close to the place of residence so that the implementation of counseling and Posbindu activities can be carried out properly, it is expected for families, to always provide encouragement, direction, motivation and guidance to other family members about the benefits and objectives of Posbindu PTM, so that they feel their health is cared for and they will use Posbindu PTM regularly. Farmers are expected to be able to organize good food consumption habits. By reducing the consumption of fat intake, sodium and reducing the amount of alcohol consumed.</em></p>

Digitalization and Corporate Social Responsibility: A Case Study of the Moroccan Auto Insurance Sector

The aim of this article is to explore the impact of digitalization on corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the automobile insurance sector in Morocco. This article first explores the theoretical and conceptual foundations of digital transformation and CSR. A mixed methods approach is then used, combining qualitative interviews with a wider quantitative survey, to investigate how digital innovations influence CSR practices. Interview analysis provides the basis for the development of a conceptual framework and eight hypotheses, which are then tested using quantitative techniques to analyze survey data. The results reveal several links between the benefits of digitalization and CSR. Claims management platforms, digital roadside assistance tools, and digital vehicle assessment and inspection all positively impact policyholders’ well-being in terms of compensation and asset preservation, thereby enhancing the CSR profile of automobile insurers. Similarly, augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) training and simulation, as well as repair assistance, have positive impacts on policyholders’ well-being and advance the CSR positioning of automobile insurers. This article has limitations as it is based on a narrow industrial sector in a single country, but it nonetheless highlights certain relevant interrelationships between digitalization and CSR, contributing to the development of theory and practice in these research areas.

From Belief to Practice: Understanding Response to Intervention (RTI) or Multi-Tiered System of Supports (MTSS), Implementation among Primary School Teachers

The Multi-Tiered System of Supports (MTSS), also known as Response to Intervention (RTI), is an educational reform initiative aimed at providing quality education and evidence-based treatments for all students. The main objective of the study was to investigate how teachers perceive the beliefs and practices regarding the RTI/MTSS process. The quantitative survey design was used to achieve the main goal for this study. Primary school teachers of these two districts (Multan and Jehlum) were considered a population regardless of their gender. 700 teachers were selected using a stratified random sampling method. A 34-item self-developed questionnaire was used to collect data. Inferential data analysis was used to compare the teachers' beliefs and practices about the RTI/MTSS process with demographic characteristics like location, gender, district, and teaching experiences. The study's results show that teachers had stable and clear ideas about the RTI/MTSS process. Although the teachers saw a moderate and small improvement in their practices, this suggests that their beliefs and actions did not match. The study also established that there were statistical differences in perceived norms between the male and female teachers, the teachers from the different districts, and the teachers with different experience in teaching, but no difference in vignette practices. Further research may attempt to investigate the commonality of the intervention process that has been effective at increasing rates and establish potentially teachable strategies in independent practice.

THE EFFECT OF AI-DRIVEN INVENTORY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ON HEALTHCARE OUTCOMES AND SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE: A DATA-DRIVEN ANALYSIS

There has been much focus toward increasing integration of AI in healthcare generally, with a specific focus on inventory management systems in particular. As more hospitals in the United States public and private side face increasing costs and concerns over cost and length of operation all systems supporting inventory must be made most efficient and AI system offers the US hospitals the opportunity to maintain accurate inventory and hence improve the quality of patient care. But the literature review presents a small number of studies that focus on the effects of these systems as the means to improve healthcare results and organization. In this study, it is proposed that improving inventory management by actioning artificial intelligence in healthcare organizations will result in enhanced patient care and improved inventory accuracy, cost reduction and supply chain efficiency in the United States of America’s healthcare institutions. A cross-sectional, quantitative survey was administrated to 200 healthcare personnel and supply chain managers from different healthcare organizations based on hospitals, clinics and specialty medical centers of the USA. Sample design: Participants were purposefully chosen, who had prior exposure to the AI-induced systems or are aware about workflow of such systems. Respondents’ data was gathered via an online questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS: descriptive analysis, chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis was used to establish the relationships of the study variables: AI systems, healthcare outcomes and supply chain performance. The results showed that the use of AI in inventory management systems enhances its accuracy in ordering order itself and overall patient care. Separate studies showed that where the management of a facility has deeper insight of the AI system then there will be more operations worked on to improve efficiency or cut costs. Adoption of these pathways among smaller providers including clinics and long-term care facilities was difficult, especially due to cost constraints. An analysis of the multiple regression equation showed that knowledge of AI improved the projection of potential healthcare outcome, creating greater worth and also increases the performance of supply chain. The outcomes of using AI based inventory management systems in the United States seem to have a lot of advantages that may help improve the efficacy of operations in the healthcare system. Issues such as funding and skills needed for implementation, especially in small healthcare organization, continue to slow the uptake of the technology. These existing problems may be solved if more focused investments in the development of comprehensive AI training or systematic solutions are given to enable the healthcare industry to reach the full potential of the application of artificial intelligence.

Exploring the Status and Experiences of School Nurses’ Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed Method Study

PurposeThis study aimed to provide a deeper understanding of the response status and school nurses’ experience of the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic in Korea. MethodRecognizing the limitations of existing tools in capturing prolonged COVID-19 response, we divided the COVID-19 pandemic into different wave periods and adopted a mixed-methods design enrolling school nurses in elementary, middle, and high schools in Korea to gain a comprehensive view. A quantitative survey was conducted among 153 school nurses nationwide and in-depth interviews were conducted with nine, using Van Kaam’s phenomenological analysis. ResultsIn 56.9% of the cases, multiple persons in charge of COVID-19 management were not designated, and there was no significant difference in response by school level. Excessive work, coping with civil complaints, unilateral work burden, difficulties communicating with related organizations, lack of concreteness in manuals, lack of cooperation among school members, and frequent changes in guidelines were continuous difficulties encountered during the pandemic. From the in-depth interviews, we extracted 189 meaningful statements, 22 subthemes, and 8 themes. The eight themes were divided into three categories: beginning of COVID-19 response, process of response to COVID-19, and lessons learned from the COVID-19 response experience. ConclusionA specific and systematic infectious disease response manual should be established, as well as an educational and training program to strengthen the capacity of educational personnel to cope with new infectious diseases.

The impact of cultural values on students’ communication apprehension in online classrooms: The moderating role of gender

In the post-COVID-19 era, online learning has become an integral part of higher education institutions (HEIs). However, limited evidence suggests that communication apprehension (CA) is a core issue in the lack of engagement in online classrooms. This study seeks to investigate how students’ CA dimensions (i.e., communication participation avoidance and low level of communication confidence) can be predicted by their cultural values using horizontal and vertical individualism/collectivism (HVIC) classification. Moreover, this study examines gender differences as a moderator in the relationship between CA and cultural values. This quantitative survey used an online questionnaire for data collection. A total of 498 samples of data were collected From MBA students studying at the seven most prestigious Iranian business schools. The results of data analysis using SmartPLS4 indicated that the CA levels of MBA students are affected by their cultural values in the HVIC classification (excluding vertical collectivism). Additionally, this study revealed that gender plays a moderating role in the relationships between cultural values and CA dimensions. In general, the results indicated that HEIs should foster a culture that supports individualistic values—such as privacy, independency, self-fulfillment, and individual decision-making—in order to lower CA levels among MBA students.

Research on the New Era’s Road for Reforming School Sports Instruction

Background: The emphasis on holistic development in school has significantly changed in recent years, placing equal emphasis on academic success and physical and mental well-being. This change has led to a critical analysis of the teaching of sports in schools, which has historically placed a strong emphasis on competitive and performance-oriented goals. Growing worries about the health, involvement, and general development of students highlight the need for reform in school sports instruction. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine and assess current reform efforts in school Sports instruction in light of the emerging educational paradigm. Finding workable solutions to raise the standard of sports instruction, increase student engagement, and promote a more inclusive and comprehensive approach to physical education are the goals. Method: Using a mixed-methods approach, the study combines qualitative interviews with quantitative surveys. Information was gathered from a wide range of educational institutions' instructors, students, and policy officials. Analyzing survey data on existing sports curriculum, instructional strategies, and student attitudes toward physical education comprised the quantitative component. In-depth interviews were a part of the qualitative component, which aimed to provide insights into the difficulties and achievements faced by reforming schools. Findings: The study presents a number of important conclusions: First, the necessity of switching from conventional, competition-focused models to more inclusive and diversified sports programs that accommodate a range of interests and ability levels is becoming increasingly apparent. Second, the incorporation of contemporary pedagogical strategies that encourage higher levels of engagement and enjoyment—like cooperative learning and student-centered activities—marks effective reforms. Third, there are still issues like scarce resources and opposition to change, but creative solutions and helpful legislation have made progress toward getting past these obstacles. Overall, the study emphasizes how crucial it is for educators to continue their professional development and how systemic support is required to maintain successful reforms in the teaching of sports in schools. This study offers insightful information to stakeholders, educators, and policymakers that want to improve.

Academic Entrepreneurial Orientation for Sustainable Development Goals in Higher Education in Indonesia: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis

Objective: This study aims to create a model for measuring the academic entrepreneurial orientation of higher education lecturers in Indonesia. Theoretical Framework: Academic entrepreneurship theory describes the perspective of commercialization of research in higher education to benefit society. This theoretical framework highlights the importance of individual entrepreneurial orientation in commercialization and academic entrepreneurship in higher education. Method: This research uses a quantitative survey. The target population was lecturers who have conducted research with commercial potential at eleven state universities in Indonesia. The research consisted of 330 samples, according to the ideal number of samples for structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis. Data analysis was conducted using confirmatory factor analysis and SEM techniques using the AMOS 21 program. Results and Discussion: The study shows that 15 factors contribute to lecturers' academic entrepreneurial orientation, proving to measure and explain their existence in the model and significantly supporting it. Research Implications: This study's findings can be a practical guide for universities to measure the entrepreneurial orientation of lecturers and develop it in the future. For the academic world, this research can inspire further research in the field of entrepreneurship, especially academic entrepreneurship. Originality/Value: This study presents a new model for building and measuring the academic entrepreneurial orientation of higher education lecturers in Indonesia in support of sustainable development goals.

Developing Risk Assessment Items of Treatment Interruption Among Vietnamese Patients with Tuberculosis in Japanese DOTS—A Quantitative and Qualitative Survey Using the Delphi Method

Background: The number of foreign-born patients with tuberculosis (TB) has been increasing in Japan, and the number of Vietnamese patients was the highest in 2019. Tuberculosis (TB) is the second leading cause of death from infectious diseases after coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). As the prevalence of TB varies widely globally, measures must be tailored to local characteristics. The Directly Observed Treatment (DOTS) short-course was introduced by the World Health Organization as a global strategy to overcome these challenges. The purpose of this study is to develop an original risk assessment for treatment interruption for Vietnamese patients with TB to be used in Directly Observed Treatment (DOTS), a tuberculosis control measure. Methods: The researchers adopted the Delphi method. Public health nurses of mid-career or above (n = 15) who had conducted DOTS for several Vietnamese patients with TB were selected and surveyed about the content and surface validities of the draft risk assessment items for treatment interruption. The survey was conducted three times. The quantification of content validity and the review and modification of responses regarding each item were analyzed by the researchers. Results: The results identified the following risk categories: “physical characteristics”, “background of life during residence”, “treatment environment”, “understanding tuberculosis and disease acceptance”, and “cultural and value trends”. Conclusions: The results suggest the need to provide support for tuberculosis recovery from various perspectives, including the living environment of Vietnamese patients with TB, their social environment in Japan, and the culture and values of their country of birth and upbringing.

The AIDS Memorial Quilt as Radical Public History

Radical public history relies on reflective practices that include formal and experientially acquired knowledge within a broad interdisciplinary framework. Using material culture methodologies from history and anthropology, we present the AIDS Memorial Quilt as an example of radical public history in action. We recount the history and meaning of the Quilt and share quantitative survey information based on college students’ responses to six Quilt blocks displayed with supplemental informational banners. Embracing a core pillar of radical public history—shared authority—our authors include interdisciplinary academic and non-academic community partners whose combined skills, lived experiences, and expertise are critical to this movement and this paper. We finish with insights for those wishing to host Quilt blocks in their community.

Produce Safety Behaviors, Motivators, Barriers, and Beliefs in Pediatric Cancer Patient Caretakers

Cancer patients, who face increased foodborne illness susceptibility and severity, are often placed on neutropenic diets (NDs), which eliminate the consumption of fresh produce, among other foods perceived as high-risk. Such diets are clinically disputed because they have never been proven effective in reducing foodborne illness, leading to unstandardized dietary guideline content, format, and delivery methods. To inform a strategic communication approach, this study explored the produce safety handling behavior, barriers, motivators, and beliefs of pediatric cancer patient caretakers using a mixed methods convergent parallel design. A quantitative survey revealed high frequencies (> 60%) for generally recommended produce safety behaviors, such as rinsing produce and washing cutting boards, and more mixed responses for restrictive produce safety behaviors, such as peeling produce and avoiding pre-cut, self-serve, and school cafeteria produce. Total produce safety frequency scores were not significantly affected by demographic factors or Child Vulnerability Scale (CVS) scores. Qualitative interviews established a wide domain of caretaker produce safety experiences and beliefs, finding that eight of seventeen interview participants from different hospitals received produce restrictions typical of the ND. Ultimately, five caretaker archetypes were identified, with common motivators and barriers linked to materials received, child’s health and perceived susceptibility, and self-efficacy beliefs. Finally, response-driven communication strategy improvements were recommended. Although sample sizes in this work were small, and further validation is advised, this work highlights the inconsistent use of the restrictive ND, advances understanding of the drivers of produce safety behaviors in cancer patient caretakers, and supports future endeavors to streamline communication strategy interventions.

Role and Impact of Safety Leadership Culture in Promoting Safety Practices in Construction Sector of Pakistan

The construction industry offers employment to about one hundred eighty million people worldwide. The construction sector has grown and evolved to meet the demands of urbanization and industrialization, which are the foundation of the modern economy. Construction is still seen as a risky and difficult industry, with the most hazardous and vulnerable work environment, even with the industry's notable improvements. Pakistan's construction industry is known for its high level of risk, which makes strict safety procedures necessary to protect the health and safety of its workforce. This research seeks to understand the impact of safety leadership on safety practices and identify key factors influencing safety culture. In order to provide comprehensive insights, the research uses a mixed-methods approach that combines quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews. The validity and reliability of the results are ensured by thorough experimentations of the statistical methods such as reliability test, relative importance index (RII), and descriptive analysis tests. In order to effectively promote safety practices, management commitment, employee involvement, safety training, and good communication are essential. An in-depth examination of the relationship between management commitment and safety performance reveals how effective leadership and proactive participation improve safety results. The results shows that safety leadership is crucial to encourage safety procedures in Pakistan's construction sector by 68.81%, success factor for safety management by 65.42%, safety management practices by 64.32%, safety performance by 63.35%, barriers to effective safety management 62.47% and safety culture by 61.46%. Strengthening frameworks for regulations, promoting a safety-first culture, investing more in safety equipment, improving worker safety training, improving monitoring and evaluation mechanisms, fostering communication and collaboration, and addressing cultural barriers are just a few of the recommendations.

Exploring the role of packaging in the formation of brand images: a mixed methods investigation of consumer perspectives

Purpose This study aims to explore consumers’ perspectives on how packaging plays a role in their consumption experience and how it contributes to the formation of brand images. By adopting a consumer’s perspective, the authors identify the criteria that consumers apply to evaluate packaging and reveal how packaging relates to consumers’ overall brand associations. Design/methodology/approach Through a sequential exploratory mixed methods design, the authors explore brand packaging of chocolate bars as emotionally laden, well-known fast-moving consumer goods. First, the authors conduct a qualitative focus group study to explore how consumers perceive package design, and how it relates to their brand impressions. Second, the authors test the constructs and attributes with an independent sample through a quantitative survey. Findings The qualitative findings reveal the different roles of packaging and highlight how packaging provides value for consumer experiences not only at the point-of-sale but also during later consumption. More specifically, the authors identify 12 main criteria that consumers use to evaluate packaging. The authors unwrap how packaging is embedded in consumers’ brand image networks by mapping out its connections to other brand associations pertaining to product attributes, the brand itself and personality impressions. The quantitative findings confirm the importance of practical and symbolic packaging criteria and the brand image comparisons. Originality/value Taking a consumer’s perspective, this study contributes to a more holistic understanding of how packaging supports brand building as we reveal the various ways in which packaging relates to consumers’ overall brand image associations. This study further directs attention to the roles that consumers themselves assign to packaging and how they evaluate packaging based on its practical, symbolic and social value.

The Influence of Organizational Climate on The Quality of Work of Employees At State 1 Batudaa Vocational High School Gorontalo District

Abstract This research aims to determine the magnitude of the influence of organizational climate on the quality of employee work at State Vocational School (SMK) 1 Batudaa, Gorontalo Regency. In the educational context, organizational climate is an important factor that can influence employee performance and productivity. Using a quantitative approach and survey methods, this research involved 37 people as a sample represented from various backgrounds at the institution. The use of simple regression analysis as a data analysis method allows researchers to determine the extent to which the relationship between organizational climate variables and employee work quality can be measured statistically. The results of the research show that organizational climate influences the quality of work of employees at State Vocational School (SMK) 1 Batudaa, Gorontalo Regency, with a coefficient value of 0.713 or 71.3%. This figure shows that more than two-thirds of employee work quality can be explained by organizational climate factors, which include aspects such as communication, managerial support, and work culture. These results indicate that organizational climate makes a significant contribution to the quality of work of teachers and education personnel, which in turn has an impact on the effectiveness of learning in schools. Thus, it is important for school management to create and maintain a positive organizational climate so that employees can work optimally and achieve the expected educational goals. This research also opens up opportunities for further research regarding interventions that can be carried out to improve the organizational climate, so that the quality of employee work can continue to be improved in order to create a better learning environment.

FACTORS INFLUENCING INVESTMENT IN COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE IN JOS PLATEAU STATE

The investors in real estate are faced with challenges as often stated of knowing if the investment they make will generate returns. The paper aimed to analyse factors influencing investment in commercial real estate in Jos Plateau State, with a view to determining the level of returns of real estate investment. The study adopts survey method using quantitative approach and survey strategy was adopted and data were collected through questionnaire survey. The study adopts multistage sampling because the sampling technique involves taking samples in stages from smaller sampling units. The study revealed that factors that influence residential and commercial real estate were availability of social amenities, return and profit from real estate investment, availability and cost of acquiring land for investment and location advantage of the area. Urban planners and developers should prioritise the inclusion of social amenities in new developments. Collaborate with local communities to identify their specific needs and preferences. Government agencies should invest in infrastructure and programs that support the development and maintenance of social amenities. This includes funding for schools, parks, and public transportation. Real estate investors should consider social amenities as a primary factor when evaluating investment opportunities. Conduct thorough research on the availability and quality of amenities in target neighborhoods.

Indonesian E-Commerce: Examining E-CRM, Browsing, Satisfaction and Loyalty

This research aims to investigate the influence of Electronic Customer Relationship Management (e-CRM), hedonic browsing, and utilitarian browsing on e-satisfaction and e-loyalty in online shopping in Indonesia. To investigate the associations between these variables, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis was performed using a quantitative study methodology and survey data from 962 respondents. The findings show a strong correlation between utilitarian browsing and e-satisfaction and e-loyalty, hedonic browsing and e-satisfaction, and e-satisfaction and e-loyalty. Nevertheless, there was no statistically significant correlation discovered between e-CRM and e-loyalty or e-satisfaction. The results highlight the significance of giving equal weight to hedonic and utilitarian elements of the virtual buying encounter in order to augment client contentment and allegiance. Furthermore, even though the findings did not conclusively confirm the efficacy of e-CRM techniques in affecting customer outcomes, managers ought to be aware of their potential influence on cultivating enduring customer connections.

Developing Green Marketing Strategies: A Comprehensive Analysis of Consumer Behaviour and Business Practices

The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between green marketing communication techniques, consumer behaviour patterns, and business organisations’ practices by employing both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. A hypothesized quantitative survey with 500 consumers and a qualitative case study of leading organisations to assess modern tendencies and approaches were carried out. The quantitative analysis shows that 70% of the consumers take environmental concern while purchasing products, but only 45% are ready to pay the premium price for green products. Moreover, there is a low level of confidence in green claims where only 30% of the consumers are confident that firms have sincere intentions about the statements they make. An analysis of Nike, Starbucks, and Toyota, Apple, and Microsoft organizations shows that they incorporate different strategies in supply chain management, carbon footprint, corporations’ responsibility, and customer relations. Some of these firms focus on the promotion of the company’s transparency, product sourcing based on an ethical approach, encouragement of the use of renewables, as well as community involvement in fulfilling sustainable objectives. Thus, the study also stresses the importance of clarity within communication channels and information reliability for the development of consumers’ trust. It defines factors like the cost and every person’s doubt or disbelief in what is green that prevents an extensive use of green products. Altogether, this research contributes useful knowledge for companies wanting to implement suitable green marketing initiatives that would be appealing to eco-aware consumers. It is clear that implementing corporate practice according to the customer expectation and practicing transparency would not only increase the brand value but also the customer loyalty and which in longer runs would also help in supporting and implementing sustainable development goals across the world.

Digital Leadership Impacts on a Village-owned Enterprise Performance: A Moderation Effect of Artificial Intelligence

This study investigates the impact of digital leadership on the performance of village-owned enterprises, or VOEs emphasizing the moderating effect of artificial intelligence, or AI. As digital transformation reshapes the business landscape, effective digital leadership emerges as a crucial factor for enhancing organizational performance, particularly in rural settings. This study employs quantitative surveys and interviews from VOEs across various villages with 192 research sample size. The findings reveal that digital leadership significantly correlates with improved performance metrics, such as profitability, operational efficiency, and community values. Moreover, the integration of AI technologies further amplifies these effects, providing tools for better decision-making, resource allocation, and customer interaction. The moderation analysis indicates that the presence of AI not only enhances the effectiveness of digital leadership but also facilitates innovative practices within VOEs. This research also contributes to the understanding of how digital leadership, coupled with AI, can drive sustainable growth in village enterprises, offering practical implications for policymakers and community leaders aiming to leverage technology for rural development. Future studies are suggested to explore the long-term effects of these dynamics in diverse contexts.