Increasing urban vegetation coverage is associated with improved human health and well-being, reduced environmental impact of cities and enhanced urban resilience to climate change. To support evidence-based urban planning, this study quantifies the mortality benefits, equity implications and cost-benefit ratio of several scenarios of green space development in Paris by 2040, including the replacement of car-dedicated surfaces with green spaces and a best-case scenario. This quantitative health impact assessment is based on estimated changes in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), obtained through the estimation of the dynamic effects over time using a Difference-in-Differences approach based on previous public greening interventions, and on an exposure-response relationship linking NDVI and all-cause mortality. It was conducted at the sub-municipal level (IRIS) and incorporates a social deprivation index to assess health equity implications. Vegetation costs are drawn from a previous French study estimating urban soil restoration prices. Replacing surplus on-street parking and 20% of street space with vegetation could reduce all-cause mortality by around 0.8%, while reaching 15% of vegetation coverage in each IRIS could prevent around 3% of deaths yearly in Paris as early as 2040. For all scenarios, these benefits were approximately equally distributed across deprivation levels. Predicted monetised health benefits outweigh intervention costs by 2035, with further impacts representing net gain. In conclusion, greening interventions targeting car-dedicated space in Paris would equitably improve health while supporting more sustainable and resilient cities.

In situ evaluation of an active-passive sampling (APS) technique for monitoring psychoactive compounds in effluent wastewater.

Structural compactness governs the environmental fate of polystyrene Nanoplastics: Reaggregation mechanisms in laboratory-scale aquatic systems.

Quantitative Assessments of Shared Decision-Making for Pancreatic Cancer Surgery: A Scoping Review.

Derivation of a Point of Departure using NAMs for application in Quantitative Risk Assessment of fragrance materials.

Quantitative risk assessment of nontyphoidal Salmonella in retail pork in China.

Smoke Flavoring-a case study demonstrating the value of using Benefit-risk analysis for foods (BRAFO) to provide transparency for risk management decisions.

Quantitative assessment of the alignment between human trabecular microstructural orientation and mechanical anisotropy: Implications for Wolff's Law.

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists prioritizes postpartum tubal ligation as a non-elective procedureand recommends it be performed urgently. This study assessed postpartum aspiration risk using gastric ultrasound. In this prospective study, women underwent gastric ultrasound one hour after vaginal delivery to assess aspiration risk. High aspiration risk was defined as solid/thick contents on qualitative ultrasound in either position and/or clear fluid with a calculated gastric volume≥1.5mL/kg on quantitative assessment in the right lateral decubitus position. Ultrasound-based risk classification was compared with aspiration risk based on American Society of Anesthesiologists' time-based fasting criteria. Gastric ultrasound was performed in 54 women. Median time since last clear liquid intake was 2.0h, and since last solid intake was 15.2h. High aspiration risk was identified in 25 women (46.3%). Fifteen women (27.8%) met time-based fasting criteria but had high-risk gastric contents on ultrasound. Immediate postpartum tubal ligation may pose significant aspiration risks. If postpartum tubal ligation is being considered soon after delivery, aspiration risk should be assessed with gastric ultrasound, as time-based fasting criteria may not reliably reflect gastric contents in the early postpartum period.

Property tax competition: A quantitative assessment

Quantitative assessment of structural and functional changes in the carotid artery as vascular markers of gestational diabetes mellitus.

Aureobasidium pullulans is used as a bio-protectant of crops and wood and can stimulate plant growth. This fungus forms different cell types including blastoconidia, swollen cells, and hyphae. The role of these cells in bio-protectant performance of A. pullulans is not yet described. Here, dynamics in formation and differentiation of blastoconidia, swollen cells, and hyphae were quantitatively assessed in liquid static cultures of four isolates. During 16h of culturing, blastoconidia were formed by cell division of swollen cells, hyphae, and existing blastoconidia, while blastoconidia differentiated into swollen cells and swollen cells differentiated into hyphae. As a result, blastoconidia were no longer the most dominant cell type after 10h of culturing, although they represented more than 75 % of the cells at the moment of inoculation. A mathematical model was developed based on Ordinary Differential Equations to describe the time-dependent cellular dynamics of the neotype strain A. pullulans CBS 584.75 under fixed culture conditions. The quantitative data of its 16h static liquid cultures was used as input with the incubation time as input variable. The model predicted that blastoconidia would again be the most prominent cell type from 18h of incubation onwards with relative abundances of the blastoconidia, swollen cells and hyphae of 57 %, 32 %, and 11 %, respectively, after 72h of growth. The quantitative assessment of cell division and differentiation and its mathematical model can be used in future studies to optimize performance of A. pullulans as a bio-protectant and to stimulate plant growth.

In response to the demand for green energy transition, the transportation of hydrogen-blend natural gas through pipelines has become a significant means for large-scale, long-distance, low-cost hydrogen transfer. However, during emergency venting in pipelines, there are high spontaneous combustion risks due to hydrogen’s low ignition energy (0.02 mJ, about 1/10 that of methane) and a high diffusion coefficient (about 3.8 times that of air). A transient finite-element model was established, combined with kinetic analysis of free radical chain reactions, using the evolution of the temperature field and the concentration of hydroxyl radicals (OH−) as key criteria to investigate the effects of venting pressure, valve opening, and hydrogen blending ratio on spontaneous combustion tendencies. The results indicate the sensitivity ranking of parameters affecting the tendency for spontaneous combustion during pipeline venting: pressure → hydrogen blending ratio → valve opening. Under the same hydrogen blending ratio conditions, an increase in pressure by 1 MPa can lead to a maximum temperature rise of 1.8%, accompanied by a 13.9% increase in OH− concentration. The quantitative assessment model established in the research provides theoretical support for the design of safe venting systems for hydrogen-blended natural gas (HBNG) pipelines.

Bioaerosol emission characteristics from municipal solid waste (MSW) transfer points pose significant health risks to workers and residents. However, studies on its computable evaluation are rare. This study examines the emission characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bioaerosols at various sampling points in and around the MSW transfer point in summer and autumn. Monte Carlo simulation-based quantitative microbial risk assessment was used to estimate the annual probability of infection (P(a)inf) and disease burden (DB) for worker groups (waste collector and operator) and pedestrians with or without personal protection equipment (PPE). Furthermore, sensitivity analysis identified the contribution of input variables to DB variance and rank correlation coefficients. The results show that bioaerosol concentrations at the control room were 1.19-1.34 times lower than the center point but 1.18-1.56 times higher than those at the footpath. The P(a)inf of E. coli and S. aureus bioaerosol for all exposure scenarios in the summer was 1.66-2.18 and 1.45-1.63 times, respectively, higher than that in the autumn. For all exposure populations, the DB with PPE was approximately one order of magnitude lower than that without PPE. Exposure concentration to the DB without PPE was the first predominant input parameter for all exposure scenarios. Sensitivity analysis recommends using PPE as a key mitigation strategy to manage bioaerosol health risks during different seasons and worker roles. This research delivered novel data and provided guidelines for controlling the bioaerosol emission health risks from MSW transfer points.

Ames concordance with the in vivo transgenic rodent (TGR) gene mutation assay for NDSRIs and relative in vivo TGR potency with nitrosamines with robust dose-response carcinogenicity data.

This study presents a quantitative microbiological risk assessment (QMRA) model to evaluate the public health, economic, and environmental implications of microbiological sampling plans for Salmonella spp. in chicken patties. The farm-to-fork model includes production, processing, storage, cooking, and consumption modules, and incorporates a sampling algorithm that simulates batch-level testing under the current EU microbiological criterion (n=5, c=0) as well as alternative sampling intensities. Coupling exposure estimates with a dose-response model allows quantification of expected salmonellosis cases per sampling regime. Economic impact is quantified as the net societal return, calculated as the avoided economic burden of salmonellosis minus the costs of microbiological testing and batch rejection, while environmental impact is measured as discarded batches and associated food waste. Sampling reduced illness risk only modestly across all evaluated scenarios. Within the practically relevant range (n=0-10), risk reductions remained negligible, while both economic cost and food waste increased proportionally with sampling intensity. Higher sampling levels (n≥30) produced slightly larger reductions in predicted cases but still resulted in limited absolute public health gains relative to the escalating monetary and environmental costs. Sampling was more effective in high-contamination production systems, where detection is more likely, and far less impactful in modern high-performance facilities with low baseline contamination. By simultaneously quantifying public health, economic, and environmental outcomes, the proposed model provides a harmonized basis for risk-benefit and sustainability assessments. The results highlight that the effectiveness of sampling is context-dependent and may benefit from risk-based optimization within One Health decision-support frameworks.

Resilient biological nitrogen removal from surfactant-rich wastewater: construction of an indigenous community, quantitative tolerance assessment, and multi-level fault tolerance mechanisms.

Integrated qualitative-quantitative assessment of power system transient stability based on DASeq2Seq and improved branch potential energy method

Recreational water quality guidelines are designed to manage public health risks posed by contact with contaminated water. Fecal contamination of freshwater is a potential source of pathogens, therefore, fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) such as Escherichia coli are used as a pathogen proxy. To improve water quality where FIB concentrations exceed guideline criteria, sources of contamination need to be identified and mitigated. There is limited guidance for environmental water managers on how to engage with communities and conduct investigations in a systematic way. Furthermore, there is limited integration of the knowledge and values of indigenous peoples into water resource management. This study outlines a framework for identifying the source of fecal contamination when FIB criteria are exceeded. The framework consists of three steps. Following consultation with (indigenous) communities, Step 1 involves routine monitoring to identify FIB exceedances. Step 2 is initiated where FIB concentrations exceed acceptable limits. Fecal sources and pathways of pollution are identified using fecal source tracking tools in conjunction with site contamination assessments. Mitigations are implemented and water quality monitored to determine effectiveness. Step 3 is initiated where contamination sources cannot be identified, or interventions are unsuccessful or impractical. Where the fecal source(s) is identified but interventions are unable to be implemented, a source-specific quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) is performed on target pathogens associated with the identified source(s). Where the fecal source(s) cannot be identified, a site-specific risk assessment is performed. Strategies, including risk communication, are discussed to incorporate indigenous and community values into water management decision-making.

Gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity is a common and potentially severe side effect of antiproliferative cancer therapiesthat often requires dose reduction or treatment interruption. Despite the clinical implications, there are currently no robust strategies for quantitative preclinical assessment of GI toxicity. We have developed a human small intestinal organoid (hSIO)-based mathematical modeling approach for the early prediction of GI toxicity of oral antiproliferative cancer treatments. Our approach integrates the exposure-toxicity relationship quantified in hSIOs into a human mathematical model of the epithelium that enables the simulation of the impact of crypt proliferation impairment on epithelial dynamics. We show that, for oral drugs, when the enterocyte free drug concentration is used as a surrogate for the crypt exposure, the extent of the epithelial injury correlates with reported clinical incidence and severity of diarrhea. In contrast, when relying on plasma exposure, the model failed to predict intestinal injury for two out of the six diarrheagenic drugs tested. Our modeling approach distinguished the toxicity profiles of CDK4/6 inhibitors, predicting minimal epithelial injury for ribociclib and substantial epithelial disruption for abemaciclib, consistent with its higher clinical incidence of diarrhea. Similarly, the toxicity quantified in hSIOs enabled accurate prediction of epithelial injury and diarrhea severity for four epithelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). This approach introduces new GI safety assessment and clinical dose selection paradigms to enable the simulation of patients' response based upon invitro drug response modeling.