Quality Of Public Institutions Research Articles

How does Russia's economy affect the region? Transmission channels and policy options

This paper studies how output fluctuations in Russia are transmitted internationally. Using dynamic panel models, the paper finds that Russia's output fluctuations are an important driver of output fluctuations of countries in the region, especially for oil importers, and are transmitted increasingly via trade and market confidence channels. The magnitude of cross-border spillovers is larger for countries with relatively high bilateral trade concentration, low export diversification, and weak external buffers. The paper also finds evidence that stronger public institutional quality- especially in the fiscal area- may help insulate countries from volatility in the Russian sovereign debt market.

The elephant in the mine: Why voluntary sustainability standards are insufficient to ensure responsible mining

Environmental, social, and governance standards, along with mining sustainability and transparency initiatives, have taken centre stage in mainstream discussions about how society can source energy transition minerals responsibly. While we acknowledge the importance of private voluntary sustainability standards for improving mining performance and accountability, these must support and complement the crucial regulatory role played by the state and its enforcing agencies in resource-rich countries. From this perspective, we argue that the quality of public institutions remains ‘the elephant’ often overlooked in the room of global mining standards, and we call for re-centring the responsible mining debate around it.Tailings dam failures and uncertainties on the water impacts of brine-based lithium mining provide examples of why institutional strengthening in mineral-rich countries is crucial. The responsible mining agenda and its implementing instruments should shift from a focus on companies’ performances to one that is embedded in society with the aim of building trust in the sector and its governing authorities. For countries rich in transition minerals, this entails, among other things, reviewing organisational structures, strengthening authorities’ enforcement capacities, and allocating sufficient budget for regulators to deliver their oversight duties and avoid over-reliance on private standards.

Public social spending, government effectiveness, and economic growth: an empirical investigation

ABSTRACT This paper reports the results of an empirical investigation into the relationships between public social spending, government effectiveness, and economic growth. Using panel data covering 132 developed and developing countries over the 2008 to 2019 period, we find significant and complementary relationships among the variables through fixed effects, system GMM, and instrumental variable estimation. All three components of public social spending, including social security benefits, education expenditure, and health expenditure, have a significant and positive impact on subsequent economic growth. Government effectiveness has a direct growth-enhancing effect as well as a mediating and positive effect on the association between public social expenditures and economic growth. Thus, governments accelerate the positive impact of public social spending on economic growth. These relationships hold for countries at all income levels, while the channels predicting a positive social spending – growth relationship are stronger in high-income countries than lower-income countries. To stimulate inclusive growth, governments must actively design and implement social spending policies. These, however, should be complemented by concomitant efforts to strengthen the quality of public institutions, which exerts a substantial impact on the social spending – growth relationship.

Ideological distrust: re-understanding the debate on state ideology, normalization of state-religion relationship, and legal system in Indonesia

This study intends to explain the phenomenon of ideological distrust among Indonesian students, the normalization of state-religion relations, and their evaluation of religious law in the national legal system. This study used primary data obtained from a 6-month online survey. It concludes that ideological distrust among students does not correlate with the political track records and capacity of state actors, instead, it correlates with the evaluation of religious norms that these students adhere to. The improvement in the performance quality of public institutions is not capable to reduce the distrust among students toward the state ideology. Meanwhile, Muslim students deem that the normalization of state-religion relations in Indonesia is necessary since the two are not in a harmonious condition and the current legal system still ignores religious norms.

КОНЦЕПТ "КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНІСТЬ ДЕРЖАВИ" ЯК АНАЛІТИЧНИЙ ІНСТРУМЕНТ У ДОСЛІДЖЕННІ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ДЕРЖАВНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ

B a c k g r o u n d . The article analyzes various approaches to understanding the effectiveness of public administration, which are in foreign and Ukrainian scientific thought. The study found that administrative efficiency is often understood as the effectiveness of the organization and functioning of public administration. Administrative efficiency is also understood as the efficiency of management bodies and officials. The authors emphasize that the principles, criteria and factors of the study of effectiveness are very vague. This affects the objectivity of the reflection of the qualitative result of the activities of the public administration body. The purpose of the article is to show that administrative efficiency is a component of the general social efficiency of public administration, so it can be studied with the help of analytical tools of competitiveness state. M e t h o d s . The study was conducted at the Department of Public Administration of the Educational and Scientific Institute of Public Administration and Civil Service of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. The main methods and approaches are institutional, sociological, historical, cultural, complex. The main sources of this study were the works of authors who investigated the effectiveness of public administration, namely, the content of the concept, approaches to evaluation, where conclusions were drawn about the effectiveness and limitations of individual methodologies. As well as Ukrainian legislation and analytical reports of international organizations on the country's competitiveness, which provide up-to-date information on the strengths and weaknesses of government institutions and state authorities. R e s u l t s . The scientific novelty of the study is that the authors offer new tools for the study of administrative efficiency. The key results and the background. It competitiveness of the state. "Competitiveness of state" in the context of studying the effectiveness and efficiency of public administration, the subjects of public administration is not considered deeply in the Ukrainian science of public administration. Moreover, in Ukraine, the effectiveness of public administration is increasingly associated with the competencies of civil servants. The authors do not agree with this position and suggest a deeper analysis, firstly, the relationship between public administration efficiency and the competitiveness of state and, secondly, a deeper study of the analytical capabilities of the theoretical and methodological construct "competitiveness of state". C o n c l u s i o n s . As a result, the authors argue that the task of administrative efficiency as an indicator is to reflect an understanding of the activities of institutions, which depends on the efficiency and behavior of both public and private actors, a legal and administrative basis within which individuals, firms and governments interact. And it determines the quality of public institutions.

Does institutional quality affect the impact of public agricultural spending on food security in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia?

Due to declining or stagnating agricultural productivity and rising food insecurity, African countries agreed to dedicate ten percent of public spending to agriculture under the Maputo and Malabo declarations in 2003 and 2014, respectively. Similarly, Asian countries increased spending on agriculture via input subsidies for crop production, greater mechanisation, and research and development funds. These spending increases are happening in countries with varying levels of institutional quality, and hence, differences in observed outcomes. Using cereal prodution as proxy for the availability dimension of food security, we conduct a comprehensive empirical assessment of the impact of public agricultural spending on food security under heterogeneous institutional quality regimes. We estimate fixed effects models with robust standard errors using an unbalanced panel of 25 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia over 22 years. The preponderance of evidence suggests that institutional quality plays a significant mediating role on the impact of public agricultural spending on food security. Overall, the magnitude of change in cereal production due to public agricultural spending is larger for countries with higher institutional quality than for those with lower institutional quality. While public investment in agriculture enhances food security, its effectiveness is predicated on improvements in the quality of public institutions. High quality public institutions protect private physical and intellectual property and guide prudent use of public resources.

Bågenholm, Andreas, Bauhr, Monika, Grimes, Marcia, & Rothstein, Bo (2021) (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the Quality of Government. Oxford: University Press. 847 Seiten. ISBN: 9780198858218.

The Oxford Handbook of the Quality of Government delivers an authoritative and comprehensive overview of the foundations and findings from the Quality of Government (QoG) research agenda, mainly developed at the QoG Institute founded in 2004 in Gothenburg, Sweden. Starting from a rather narrow concept of QoG, focusing on impartiality, the handbook argues forcefully that the quality of public institutions is crucial for all kinds of social, economic, and political outcomes, that higher levels of QoG are related to higher levels of human well-being and political legitimacy, and are therefore more important than, for example, levels of liberal democracy. This rather narrow perspective of the handbook turns out to be one of its strengths, since all contributions start from identical concepts, while discussing all kinds of theoretical, empirical, and critical objections. All contributions offer very helpful overviews and systematic summaries of existing literature and are therefore very well suited for reading lists in academic courses, both in political science, public administration, and public management, but also in other areas like development studies, and especially also for scholars who may be skeptical of this approach.

Cohesion Policy as a Driver to Promote Good Governance in the EU Member States

The quality of public institutions has a major impact on the social and economic development within the EU member states. Regions with high government effectiveness, low corruption and highquality public services tend to have higher outcomes in economic performance and social inclusion. In case of EU cohesion policy funding, the Seventh Cohesion Report published by the European Commission in 2017 demonstrates that regions with weak institutions have difficulties in absorbing regional development influences effectively and using the European structural funds properly in order to promote growth. The European Commission has recently set out several initiatives to strengthen good governance and administrative capacity building to improve the management of the European structural funds. This paper will scrutinize whether the cohesion policy implies proper instruments to promote good governance.

Does institutional trust and governance matter for multidimensional well-being? Insights from Pakistan

This research aims to investigate the relationship between institutional trust and well-being by using the data of 1566 households from Punjab, Pakistan. This study deploys two methods: one is the order logistic regression to analyze the role of institutional trust and governance on SWB, whereas the second is GSEM to develop a structural relationship of independent variables with SWB and SRH. The findings of the study reveal that institutional quality, government effectiveness, and satisfaction with services of hospitals are positively related to happiness, LS, and worth of life. Furthermore, people tend to feel happier and satisfy with their lives if they perceive no corruption by the government and public institutions and have trust on institutions. The present study suggests the government and policymakers improve the institutional quality and enhance the trust of the public in police and judiciary as well as improve the quality of public institutions like education and health departments. The government also needs to implement strict penalties on bribery and corruption in public institutions.

The Quality of Local Institutions: The Case of Poland

There is a growing consensus within both policy and academic circles, including various schools of political, legal, and economic thought, that institutions matter and that the quality of institutions and governments makes an important difference for economic development. However, while the institutional literature has extensively discussed different types of institutions and their importance, only a few quantitative measures of formal institutions and their quality are available. What is more, most analyses referring to the quality of public institutions concern the national or regional level and the issue at the local level is relatively understudied. The purpose of the article is to fill this gap in two ways. The first one is to identify territorial differentiation of the quality of public institutions at the local level in Poland; the second one, to explain the reasons of the differentiation of institutional capacities in the context of historical, cultural, and social factors. The research has shown that the quality of public institutions is highly related to historical circumstances. However, although their impact is strong, the historical conditions are definitely not the only factor influencing local institutional capital in Poland, as they appear to be deeply affected also by the level of urbanization and the degree of human capital.

What Determines the Geography of Entrepreneurship? A Comparative Study Between Sub-Saharan Africa and South-East Asia

There is a clear disparity between different regions of the world regarding the type and number of entrepreneurs. These differences are most prominent between low-income regions like Africa and middle- to high-income regions such as South-East Asia. Thirty years ago, Asian and African countries were at similar stages of development, but today their difference in entrepreneurship and economic development is massive, which makes them intriguing cases to compare. To investigate the extent of this and explain why it happens, this study identifies the main influences on entrepreneurial activity, according to entrepreneurship ecosystem (EE) theory and knowledge spillover theory. Making use of multivariate analysis of variance, the most prominent factors responsible for the difference in entrepreneurship capacity in the regions were found to be technology development, political situation and the quality of public institutions. South-East Asia provides these to a sufficient degree thereby giving rise to a healthy EE, while Africa’s ability to build this infrastructure is still in its embryonic stage. This study’s efficacy is to inform on possible policies that low- and middle-income nations can follow to build entrepreneurship in their current economic situations, as well as to expand EE theory in the underexplored context of developing countries.

AB ÜLKELERİNDE KAMUDAKİ KURUMSAL KALİTENİN EKONOMİK BÜYÜMEYE ETKİSİ: PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ

There are many empirical studies in the literature about the relationship between institutional factors and economic performance. In some of these studies, one-way relationships were observed among the relevant variables, and bilateral relationships were observed at others. In this research, based on the available literature, the possible impact of public institutional quality on economic growth in EU countries for the period of 2002-2019 was investigated. The institutional quality series used in the study; It was created by taking the arithmetic mean of the values of the series government efficacy, regulatory quality, control of corruption, rule of law, accountability, political stability and absence of violence / terrorism. In the findings obtained; It has been determined that the higher the institutional quality in the public, the higher the economic growth.

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ ПОДХОДЫ К ОЦЕНКЕ И ФОРМИРОВАНИЮ ПЕРСПЕКТИВ ИННОВАЦИОННОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РЕГИОНОВ

The article is devoted to the study of the problems of innovative development in the regions of the Russian Federation. The aim of this work was to determine the empirical relationship between the indicators of innovation activity, economic growth and the state of the institutional environment in the regions. For this purpose, the research methodology was formed and the analysis of the subjects of the Russian Federation was carried out with the establishment of current trends in innovative, institutional and economic development. The methodological basis of the study was the grouping method, the decision tree method, as well as economic and mathematical modeling for constructing production functions. In the course of the analysis, it was found that economic growth directly depends on the innovation and institutional factors. High values of these factors allow you to get GRP per capita at the level of 510 thousand rubles and above, with low values, this indicator is 180-200 thousand rubles. The rate of economic growth is also directly proportional to these factors. It is also revealed that, first; the quality of public institutions and business institutions determines the effectiveness of development and the growth of innovation indicators at the regional level. The most significant attribute for the classification of subjects by the level of innovative development is the innovation activity index. It defines the current classification by 36.7 %, the indices of socio-economic conditions and the quality of innovation policy by 26 %. Macroeconomic modeling of economic growth in the regions depending on the level of innovative development is carried out, and the prospects for using the innovative factor as a driver of economic growth are evaluated. It is established that for a significant number of regions of the Russian Federation, the innovative way of development is not relevant in the medium term. Only for 15 territorial subjects of the Russian Federation, economic growth is real, accompanied by the development of innovative activities. Based on the results of the simulation, proposals are formulated for the directions of economic development of the regions. The article is intended for specialists and experts in the field of theory and practice of innovative development

Analytical Capabilities of the Concept of "Competitiveness" in the Study of Public Administration Efficiency

The article analyzes various approaches to understanding the effectiveness of public administration, which are in foreign and Ukrainian scientific thought. The purpose of the article is to show that administrative efficiency is a component of the general social efficiency of public administration, so it can be studied with the help of analytical tools of competitiveness. The study found that administrative efficiency is often understood as the effectiveness of the organization and functioning of public administration. Administrative efficiency is also understood as the efficiency of management bodies and officials. The authors emphasize that the principles, criteria and factors of the study of effectiveness are very vague. This affects the objectivity of the reflection of the qualitative result of the activities of the public administration body. The scientific novelty of the study is that the authors offer new tools for the study of administrative efficiency. It competitiveness of the state. “Competitiveness” in the context of studying the effectiveness and efficiency of public administration, the subjects of public administration is not considered deeply in the Ukrainian science of public administration. Moreover, in Ukraine, the effectiveness of public administration is increasingly associated with the competencies of civil servants. The authors do not agree with this position and suggest a deeper analysis, firstly, the relationship between public administration efficiency and the country’s competitiveness and, secondly, a deeper study of the analytical capabilities of the theoretical and methodological construct “competitiveness”. Conclusions. As a result, the authors argue that the task of administrative efficiency as an indicator is to reflect an understanding of the activities of institutions, which depends on the efficiency and behavior of both public and private actors, a legal and administrative basis within which individuals, firms and governments interact. and it determines the quality of public institutions. Keywords: country competitiveness, efficiency, public administration, administration, state policy, concept.

Modern Approaches to Evaluating the Effectiveness of Public Administration Decisions

The relevance of the study is that effective public administration constitutes one of the most important factors in the progressive development of the modern state. An important condition for the productive functioning of public authorities is public administration, which acts as a holistic scientific system of organisation of activities. Assessing the effectiveness of public administration decisions is necessary for both public authorities and society. It helps civil servants to control and improve the management process, and helps the society to assess the quality of public institutions. The lack of objective generally accepted indicators for assessing socio-economic processes, the work of bodies and institutions is one of the main problems that hinder the efficiency of the state mechanism. At present, there are no well-established approaches to assessing the effectiveness of public administration decisions. The solution to this problem is a more detailed study of scientific knowledge regarding the system and mechanisms of evaluation. The purpose of the study is to analyse the main modern approaches and mechanisms for evaluating the effectiveness of public administration decisions. The concept of performance evaluation as a complex process is currently the most prevalent and used by modern scientists. Ensuring efficiency is a difficult task for public administration. The diversity of the system requires the use of rational approaches and the creation of differentiated evaluation criteria. The components of the evaluation system in the context of globalisation affect the effectiveness and efficiency and require continuous improvement. The use of special tools and technologies provide flexibility of government decisions and internal integrity, leading to rapid change in the state. mainstreaming of the efficiency improvement and quality of evaluation of public administration decisions directly affects the socio-economic development of the state and improvement of the welfare of the population. The use of evaluation results allows to identify existing problems in a timely manner, to find ways to solve them, improving management by improving the efficiency of public administration at all stages. The practical significance lies in the use of research results in the activities of individual public administration bodies, which will allow to modernise the effectiveness of evaluation of public administration decisions and the management system in general

Research on Human Resource Incentive Measures in Public Institutions

This paper takes the human resource incentive measures of public institutions as the analysis object, first introduces the related concepts, then analyzes the important significance value of human resource incentive of public institutions, then elaborated the question which the institution Human Resources Incentive measure exists, finally elaborated the institution human resources positive measure ponder. With the gradual emergence of the form of global economic integration, the degree of international competition is becoming increasingly day by day. The increasing market competition brings huge business opportunities as well as challenges to the domestic market, we need to face up to the advantages and disadvantages of economic globalization and constantly strengthen internal management. In order to improve the incentive quality of human resources in public institutions, public institutions need to change their thinking and set up people-oriented incentive thoughts, and at the same time, they also need to explore diversified incentive means, design salary rationally and improve feedback mechanism, in order to improve the incentive quality of public institutions, to stimulate the enthusiasm of staff work. Effective material incentives can often attract outstanding talent, outstanding talent in the incentive measures under the more easy to play their potential, so that public institutions to retain and attract high-speed talent, in order to improve the quality of work in public institutions.

Prilivi SDI odabranih evropskih ekonomija u razvoju i usponu sa refleksijama na ekonomski rast

The objective of this paper is to identify the top destination for FDI inflows as well as to analyze related growth progress in selected Emerging European Economies (EEEs) in order to suggest significant implications towards economic policy creators in Western Balkan countries. The authors conducted descriptive statistical analysis together with correlation analysis in the time period 1997-2019. The analysis of average FDI inflows includes following country groups: Visegrad States, Baltic States, Western Balkan and eleven new EU member states with regard to the structural break of Global Financial Crisis (GFC). The results suggest that the Visegrad States (particularly Poland) were the top locations for foreign investors in the analyzed time period. Having in mind a positive correlation link between significant FDI inflows, especially greenfield FDI inflows and economic growth, we suggest that Western Balkan countries should implement adequate measures to attract greater greenfield FDI inflows in order to stimulate real convergence towards developed European economies. Therefore, recommendations are directed towards economic policy of less developed countries of Western Balkan that need to continue to improve the quality of public institutions and infrastructure, as well as business environment and implementation of nonfinancial measures of promotional activities, in order to raise attractiveness of national market for foreign investors.

An ‘Institution-First’ Conception of Public Integrity

AbstractThere is an emerging drive to define a new praiseworthy governance goal: a goal that not only implies addressing corruption but going further to establish institutions that are truly worthy of trust. That goal is ‘public integrity’. However, most current accounts of public integrity adopt an ‘officer-first’ approach: defining public integrity primarily as a quality of individual public officers, and only derivatively, if at all, as a quality of public institutions themselves. This article argues that this approach is flawed. Analysing the current debate, it identifies the need to define a role-specific sense of praiseworthy behaviour for public officers. However, it is only possible to define this role-specific sense of praiseworthy behaviour by referring to a public officer's contribution to the overall moral ideal of her institution. Assuming that this ideal itself is a form of public integrity, it then follows that such institutional integrity must be defined ‘first’ in order to then define a public officer's praiseworthy contribution to it second. Substantively, this article argues that ‘public institutional integrity’ is an institution's robust disposition to pursue its purpose efficiently, within the constraints of legitimacy, consistent with its commitments. ‘Public officer integrity’ is the robust disposition of an officer to support the integrity of her institution, within the course of her duties, to the best of her abilities.

Entrepreneurship, innovation and competitiveness: A public institution love triangle

Diverse and different research studies have approached the impact of the quality of public institutions on entrepreneurship, innovation and competitiveness. However, this relationship has not hitherto been subject to simultaneous study but rather only separately. In turn, our research thus holds the objective of simultaneously evaluating the impact of the quality of public institutions on entrepreneurship, innovation and competitiveness based on data aggregated at the OECD member state level. We therefore seek to demonstrate how the higher the perceptions of public institution quality held by individuals, the higher the indices of entrepreneurship, innovation and competitiveness. To this end, we deploy data collected from various sources, specifically the United Nations (UN), the World Bank (WB), the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), World Economic Forum (WEF), International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and Freedom House (FH), for the years between 2006 and 2018 (13 years). For the analysis of this data, we apply an econometric methodology based on multiple regression models for unbalanced panel data. We may thus report that the higher the perception of quality of public institutions, the greater the level of the variables applied for entrepreneurship, innovation and competitiveness. We believe our empirical results contain important implications whether for researchers, politicians and decision-makers involved in drafting public policies.

How family ties affect trust, tax morale and underground economy

This paper reports empirical evidence supporting the hypothesis that family ties should be considered among the main determinants of tax morale, underground economy and trust. In societies where the power of the family is very high, the quality of public institutions tends to be low. This connection shapes the behavior of taxpayers and tends to increase the underground economy. The econometric analysis is based on linear panel data models and a new original dataset that puts together data on personal values, social capital and tax morale, in combination with an index of the shadow economy. The final results show that in countries where family ties are stronger, the level of trust and tax morale is lower, while underground economy is higher.