Paint Quality Research Articles

Properties of Emulsion Paints with Binders Based on Natural Latex Grafting Styrene and Methyl Methacrylate

Infrastructure developments in recent decades have led to increasing demand for high-performance paints for construction and decorative purposes. Emulsion paint is water-based paint that is commonly used for coating the internal and external surfaces of a building. The quality and performance of this emulsion paint are highly dependent on its constituent components, such as binders, pigment, solvents, and additives. Emulsion paints initially used conventional formaldehyde-based binders and were, for some reason, prohibited from being used in paints due to health and environmental issues. The development of bio-based paints with natural rubber latex (NRL) has the potential to be developed as an emulsion paint binder. The results showed that NRL grafting of styrene monomer or MMA showed much better resistance to wet scrub and abrasion than PVAc at a monomer concentration of 20%, for styrene, and 30%, for MMA, with washability values reaching each of 11 and 12 cycles at 4% binder concentration. The NgSt20-4 and NgMMA30-4 binders’ abilities to overcome wet scrub and abrasion increased with increasing paint binder concentrations, reaching 22 and 23 cycles at 10% binder concentration. Overall, the combination of NRL grafted with MMA monomer and 30% PVAc showed better performance and could compete with commercial binders such as PVAc. Adding methyl methacrylate monomer increases the adhesion and cohesion properties of the binder and increases the binder’s resistance to scrubbing and wet abrasion. However, the combination of NRL grafted MMA and 30% PVAc showed the same effectiveness as NRL grafted MMA without PVAc, with more economical production costs.

PAINTING THE WALLS OF AL-IKHLAS MOSQUE IN KAMPUNG WARUNG RT.09 / RW.03, PANYIRAPAN VILLAGE, BAROS DISTRICT, SERANG REGENCY

Painting on walls is the final stage process after sprinkling and plastering on the walls. Painting on the walls functions as beauty in a building. In addition to functioning as an aesthetic beauty, painting on the wall can also be used as wall protection from rain splashes and direct sunlight that can shorten the life of the wall. First prepare the tools and materials used for painting the walls. Supervision is required so that the work or painting is in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Public Works on The Maintenance and Maintenance of Building Buildings No. 24/PRT/M/2008. After the painting process is complete, the painting results need to be evaluated/reviewed to ensure that all parts of the wall are painted neatly and cleanly. If a wall is found with uneven paint, it is necessary to repaint the section until the result is neat and even. Furthermore, if you are sure that all the walls are painted neatly and cleanly, then it is only a matter of time before the paint dries. The type and quality of wall paint used is prioritized for domestic production in accordance with the Joint Decree of the Minister of Trade and Cooperatives, Minister of Industry & Menpen. No. 472/Kop/XII/80, No. 813/Menpen/1980, No. 64/Menpen/1980, December 23, 1980. special methods before painting, one of which is the sanding process on the walls from the remaining cement from the results of sprinkling, so that during the painting process a smooth and even wall surface is obtained

Local flanging process on a curved wind deflector using electromagnetic forming

Electromagnetic forming (EMF) is a high-speed forming method which utilizes non-contact electromagnetic force to achieve forming compared with the traditional stamping process. Server spring-back and poor surface quality during the traditional forming process, which would lead to low geometrical accuracy and unacceptable painting quality, are two major problems challenging the manufacture of the curved products. In this study, the EMF process and deformation behavior of curved plate were analyzed by experimental and numerical methods. The experimental result showed that the initial profile from blank unfold-bend approach was unable to achieve reasonable flanging accuracy. Based on the simulation model, the deformation process from multiple aspects, such as electromagnetic force, velocity, impact process, strain state and distribution, was investigated and inconsistent deformation behavior of the work-piece was revealed. A design process of initial profile was carried out with the aid of simulation method and the deviations between the front edge of flanged part to the die profile were quantified. Although the average deviation was reduced to 0.384 mm in geometrical deviation-based compensation method, compared to other regions, the deviations reduced significantly were found from the area corresponding to region with the large radial strain. A geometric compensation method was proposed which took the radial strain into consideration as a factor. The simulation results demonstrated that the excessive deviations of forming profile decreased to a very low level and the feasibility of the approach was verified by experiments. The final average deviation was 0.229 mm.

PENGGUNAAN MESIN CROCKMETER UNTUK UJI GOSOK PADA KULIT PERKAMEN

One of the small industries that survives and needs to be developed is the shadow puppet industry. The shadow puppet industry uses parchment skin as the main raw material. As a laboratory institution, the author tested the quality of parchment skin dye paint for shadow puppet using a crockmeter machine. The test is carried out by adding an auxiliary material in the form of ethylene glycol to the dye paint which is expected to improve the quality of the rubbing resistance of the dye paint on the shadow puppets. In this test the author uses parchment skin from sun-dried buffalo skin with a transparent color and an even thickness of the skin and a large cross-sectional area so that no part is wasted. Furthermore, the parchment skin surface was sanded before staining. This sanding aims to level the parchment skin surface and remove the remaining collagen, protein and fat. The test was carried out using 3 samples. Sample I used coloring materials (mowilex paint, foxputih glue, water and finishing using mowilex clear). Sample II uses coloring materials (mowilex paint, white fox glue, water, Ethylen Glycol and finishing using mowilex clear). Sample III uses dyes (mowilex paint, white fox glue, water, Ethylen Glycol, finishing using mowilex clear and the addition of a clearing process using a sunlight wetting agent. From the experiments and tests carried out, better results were obtained for the use of Ethylen Glycol in the coloring and also the clearing process to improve the color quality of the wayang kulit products produced.

The auspicious and the mechanized: exploring transitions in temporalities through the wall paintings of Shekhawati (1750–1940)

ABSTRACT This article uses depictions of mechanical clocks in wall paintings of the Shekhawati region in Rajasthan to study the transition to a mechanized temporal order in a context that was both linked to cosmopolitan trade cities and separate from them. At one level, an increased visual citation of the mechanical timepiece is proof of an increased influence of clock time, while the diversity in these depictions highlights the multiple perceptions of the most visible artefact of a new temporal order. Tracing the development in depictions of temporality in the paintings from 1750 onwards, the article also explores the continuities and breaks with depictions of time pre-dating the introduction of imperial clock time (which only gained influence in the region towards the end of the nineteenth century). Moving beyond treating the paintings as sources of historical enquiry and traces of historical change, the article focusses on the decorative qualities of the wall paintings, as well as the ornamental aspect of the mechanical time-piece, to explore their agency in mediating attitudes towards a new temporal framework.

Price Effectiveness and Product Quality on Purchase Decisions by Printing Companies

The purpose of writing this thesis is to determine the effect of screen-printing paint quality and printing prices on consumer purchasing decisions by printing companies. The study was conducted on 60 respondents through the distribution of questionnaires. The method used in this research is descriptive method and qualitative method. Based on the answers to the questionnaire, raw data has been obtained which is then processed using SPSS version 23 so that it becomes useful data for this research.
 In addition to calculating the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable, this study also calculated the relationship between variables. The correlation of the effect of paint quality on purchasing decisions is 0.721 the correlation of the effect of price on purchasing decisions is 0.529 and so it can be said that the relationship between the three variables is quite strong, thus Ho is rejected, and Ha is accepted. In the t-test, the results of t-count paint quality are 7.143, t-count prices are 6.896 and t-count when compared with t-table of 2.001 then there is a significant relationship is significant between paint quality and price on purchasing decisions by Printing Companies.

An Overview of Terahertz Imaging with Resonant Tunneling Diodes

Terahertz (THz) imaging is a rapidly growing application motivated by industrial demands including harmless (non-ionizing) security imaging, multilayer paint quality control within the automotive industry, insulating foam non-invasive testing in aerospace, and biomedical diagnostics. One of the key components in the imaging system is the source and detector. This paper gives a brief overview of room temperature THz transceiver technology for imaging applications based on the emerging resonant tunneling diode (RTD) devices. The reported results demonstrate that RTD technology is a very promising candidate to realize compact, low-cost THz imaging systems.

THz Time-Domain Ellipsometer for Material Characterization and Paint Quality Control with More Than 5 THz Bandwidth

Quality control of car body paint in the automotive industry is a promising industrial application of terahertz technology. Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy in reflection geometry enables accurate, fast, and nondestructive measurement of individual layer thicknesses of multi-layer coatings. For high precision thickness measurements, the frequency dependent complex refractive index of all layers must be calibrated very accurately. THz time-domain ellipsometry is self-referencing and provides reliable, frequency resolved material properties with high signal-to-noise ratio. The method is characterized by a high sensitivity to optical material properties and layer thicknesses. We present characterization results in the frequency range 0.1–6 THz for typical automotive paints and different substrates such as polypropylene (PP), which features a high material anisotropy. We demonstrate that the broadband material properties derived from ellipsometry allow for inline thickness measurements of multi-layer car body paints with high accuracy.

Painting Process and Quality in Focus

Painting Process and Quality in Focus

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ВЛИЯНИЯ СВОЙСТВ ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО УГЛЕРОДА НА КАЧЕСТВО СЕРЫХ И ЧЕРНЫХ ЭМАЛЕЙ И КРАСОК

The paper summarizes literature data on the properties and application of pigment carbon black. It is shown how the addition of carbon black affects the color and quality of paints and varnishes. Technical carbon by its nature, physicochemical, physical properties is the most suitable pigment for the production of black and gray varnishes and paints, it is compatible with film-forming substances and other components of paint and varnish compositions.

Analysis of Chinese Painting Color Teaching Based on Intelligent Image Color Processing Technology in the Network as a Green Environment.

This work was conducted to study the Chinese painting color teaching analysis of intelligent image color processing technology under the network environment. First, the paper preprocesses the obtained color mural images, realizes the automatic recognition and marking of the images with different defect degrees and color fading, and uses denoising and texture background elimination to remove unnecessary background information. Then, according to the characteristic that the repair order of boundary points in the Criminisi algorithm is determined by the size of priority weight, the data items and confidence items are added. Finally, the design uses image processing technology and the loss formula to identify the connecting edge of the color area to be taught, establish the color extraction area, calculate the bit weight of the best color, find out the color extraction position, and synthesize different colors according to the original painting color superposition method. The partial differential equation is used to set the teaching code of color teaching system to realize the teaching of Chinese painting color. The experimental results show that compared with the original teaching system, the designed color teaching system has a stronger ability to recognize the edge of Chinese painting color teaching, and the quality of Chinese painting after teaching is higher. It can be seen that the color teaching system can be applied to the color teaching of Chinese painting.

Bodily Contemplation: On the Question of the Truth of the Perception of Physical Objects in Chinese Landscape Painting

This article analyzes the views of representatives of the scientific community on ancient Chinese landscape painting, emphasis is mainly placed on views that concern the spiritual qualities of landscape painting, as well as rethinking concepts that ignore the significance of sensual perception. Landscape painting is usually considered as a spiritual work of Taoism: landscape painting developed from Taoist thought, Taoist philosophy determined the identity of the artistic style and the inherent spirit of landscape painting. Moreover, some researchers even believe that bodily contemplation of landscape painting means setting the very original nature of mountains and waters, and the "knowledge of the truth" is a spiritual process that is more blocked by the human capacity for sensual perception. Some of the scientists completely deny the possibility and truth of sensual perception of physical objects in landscape painting. The author of this article believes that the spiritual component of landscape painting lurks precisely in the value of sensual perception, and bodily contemplation of mountains and waters is impossible without the participation of the body, clear confirmation of which we find in the ancient Chinese theory of arts. Ancient Chinese works of art traditionally had a close connection with sensual perception through bodily contemplation. This process is not simply about capturing object information, but when the subject takes an active part in the vision of the object, when the subject gives feedback to the object, and through acquiring the object its meaning is transmitted. Only through bodily contemplation, the individual can fully feel the artistic value of landscape painting, and Taoist philosophy thus gains a real existence in landscape painting, becoming a kind of emotional thinking.

DE-GAN: Domain Embedded GAN for High Quality Face Image Inpainting

Domain knowledge of face shapes and structures plays an important role in face inpainting. However, general inpainting methods focus mainly on the resolution of generated images without considering the particular structure of human faces and generally produce inharmonious facial parts. Existing face-inpainting methods incorporate only one type of facial feature for face completion, and their results are still undesirable. To improve face inpainting quality, we propose a Domain Embedded Generative Adversarial Network (DE-GAN) for face inpainting. DE-GAN embeds three types of face domain knowledge (i.e., face mask, face part, and landmark image) via a hierarchical variational auto-encoder (HVAE) into a latent variable space to guide face completion. Two adversarial discriminators, a global discriminator and a patch discriminator, are used to judge whether the generated distribution is close to the real distribution or not. Experiments on two public face datasets demonstrate that our proposed method generates higher quality inpainting results with consistent and harmonious facial structures and appearance than existing methods and achieves the state-of-the-art performance, esp. for inpainting under-pose variations.

Research on path generation and stability control method for UAV‐based intelligent spray painting of ships

AbstractThis paper presents an intelligent path planning method with multiple constraints to solve the problem of instability of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) intelligent spray painting (UAV‐ISP) systems for spray painting the outer panels of ships. Spray‐painting path planning is realized using the multiobjective particle swarm algorithm and ant colony algorithm. In addition, a stability control method for the UAV based on the linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC) algorithm is proposed and controlled by Mission Planner ground station software to solve the stability control problem of UAVs during spray painting. Through the above two key technologies, the painting quality of the UAV‐ISP system is guaranteed. First, a three‐dimensional (3D) model of the ship was obtained in a 3D modeling environment. Then the paint paths were optimized using the multiobjective particle swarm algorithm. The optimized path planning results were then combined using the ant colony algorithm to obtain the final spray painting path. Force analysis of the UAV during spray painting was carried out using the Newton–Euler equation and catenary theory, and a mathematical model of the UAV spray‐painting system with multiload coupling was established. Finally, a stability control system for the spray‐painting UAV based on LADRC was designed. The experimental and simulation results show that the proposed painting path is accurate, the spray‐painting UAV has good stability, and the spray‐painting quality of the UAV‐ISP system meets the standards for the outer panels of ships.

Investigating the key indicators of implementing car paint quality management in the automotive industry

With the increasing development of science and technology, economics and industry have gone beyond their traditional framework and are becoming more and more knowledge-based every day. In this regard, identifying and reviewing key indicators in different sectors of industry as well as evaluating and prioritizing these factors are the most important optimization tools in the field of growth and development of companies. The study of how these tools affect their development and identify the factors affecting their accurate implementation in the field of car paint quality is the subject of this article. After extensive review of existing studies in this field and reviewing the opinions of experts, key influential factors were identified and using the ideas of experts, they were modified in accordance with the conditions of the country and placed in a suitable frame. These critical indicators were examined using Fuzzy AHP method and their importance was discovered within the process. This model was investigated and tested in Iran Khodro Company, using the analysis of the results the importance of the elements was figured out. Finally, using the obtained results from the analysis, the value of optimal implementation in different parts of the industry was examined.

Gastropolitics: Speaking in Tongues

Gastropolitics: Speaking in Tongues

Multi-objective optimization with modified Taguchi approach to specify optimal robot spray painting process parameters

Robot spray painting process can improve the quality, productivity and provide clean environment in addition to minimize the labour and cost. This process is being used in automobiles, home appliances, etc. There is a need to specify optimal spray painting process parameters to improve the quality of paint coating considering the performance indicators as thickness variation, surface roughness and film adhesion. Compared to the Taguchi orthogonal array and gray rational analysis, a simple modified Taguchi approach is adopted here to identify optimal spray painting process parameters (such as distance, pressure and speed) and obtain minimum thickness variation, minimum surface roughness and maximum film adhesion. Empirical relation for thickness variation, surface roughness and film adhesion are presented. Test data are close-to/within the estimated range.

Content Masked Loss: Human-Like Brush Stroke Planning in a Reinforcement Learning Painting Agent

The objective of most Reinforcement Learning painting agents is to minimize the loss between a target image and the paint canvas. Human painter artistry emphasizes important features of the target image rather than simply reproducing it. Using adversarial or L2 losses in the RL painting models, although its final output is generally a work of finesse, produces a stroke sequence that is vastly different from that which a human would produce since the model does not have knowledge about the abstract features in the target image. In order to increase the human-like planning of the model without the use of expensive human data, we introduce a new loss function for use with the model's reward function: Content Masked Loss. In the context of robot painting, Content Masked Loss employs an object detection model to extract features which are used to assign higher weight to regions of the canvas that a human would find important for recognizing content. The results, based on 332 human evaluators, show that the digital paintings produced by our Content Masked model show detectable subject matter earlier in the stroke sequence than existing methods without compromising on the quality of the final painting. Our code is available at https://github.com/pschaldenbrand/ContentMaskedLoss.

Analytical Approach for the Study of Teotihuacan Mural Paintings from the Techinantitla Complex

Techinantitla building complex, in the Amanalco neighborhood of the ancient city of Teotihuacan, is famous for the iconography and quality of the mural paintings found in this site. A significant part of this heritage has been lost due to looting. In recent years, an interdisciplinary research project was developed to study the limited patrimony that was left. As part of this study, we first employed geophysical techniques to reconstruct the architectural pattern of the compound’s remaining walls, where other paintings may still be found. Then, we applied a non-invasive methodology to characterize a large set of fragments recovered in the 1980s and to gain information on their pigments and manufacturing techniques. This methodology included False Color Infrared Imaging, X-ray Fluorescence and Fiber-Optics Reflectance Spectroscopy, and led to the identification of hematite, calcite, malachite, azurite and an unidentified blue pigment. The results were compared with a previous study performed on a set of Techinantitla mural paintings looted in the 1960s. A broader comparison with contemporary mural paintings from other Teotihuacan complexes shows good agreement in the materials used. These results may suggest a standardization in the making of Teotihuacan mural painting during the Xolapan period (350 to 550 AD).

Strain Induced Surface Change in Sheet Metal Forming: Numerical Prediction, Influence on Friction and Tool Wear

In sheet metal forming, free deformation of the sheet takes place frequently without contact with forming tools. The pre-straining resulting from the free deformation leads to a surface roughening of the sheet metal. It is assumed that the roughening has an influence on friction and wear behavior of the following forming process as well as the painting quality after the manufacturing. In this paper, a numerical prediction based on a polycrystalline model is first proposed to predict the effect of surface roughing based on the material data of the as-received state of the sheet metal. Different states of strain are analyzed and the numerical result is validated through experimental evaluation. Besides the numerical prediction, the friction behavior after pre-straining is evaluated in strip drawing tests and the coefficient of friction (COF) is calculated. For interpretation of the measured COF, the surface roughness after the friction test and the surface image are evaluated by a transparent toolset. It is shown that the surface transformation as a result of pre-straining has a negative influence on the lubricating effect of the sheet metal and degrades the friction behavior. Finally, the influence of the strain-induced surface roughening on wear is discussed based on wear testing in strip drawing test with draw bead geometry.