Clinical characteristics and quality of life measures in children with glaucoma-suspect or glaucoma diagnoses in chronic, noninfectious uveitis.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic severely restricted access to routine dental care, resulting in delayed treatment and increased presentation of dental emergencies. When combined with SARS-CoV-2 infection, these conditions may significantly impair psycho-social well-being and quality of life (QoL). This study assessed the impact of dental emergencies on QoL in patients with COVID-19. Methods: A cross-sectional case-control study was conducted between January 2022 and April 2024, including 240 adult patients with confirmed COVID-19. The case group comprised 60 patients presenting with dental emergencies, while the control group included 180 COVID-19 patients without emergency dental needs. Quality of life was evaluated using the 32-item Quality-of-Life Inventory (QOLI), yielding a continuous global score (SBQ) and an ordinal quality-of-life category (CGV). Group comparisons were performed using Welch's t-test and logistic regression, with effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals reported. Multivariable analyses were adjusted for age and sex. Results: Patients with dental emergencies reported markedly poorer global QoL compared to controls (mean SBQ difference = -2.04 points; Cohen's d = -1.50; p < 0.001). The presence of a dental emergency was strongly associated with severe QoL impairment, with emergency patients showing substantially higher odds of unfavorable CGV categories (adjusted OR ≈ 20.4; 95% CI: 8.6-48.5; p < 0.001). These associations remained robust after adjustment for demographic covariates. Conclusions: Dental emergencies in patients with COVID-19 are associated with a profound deterioration in quality of life. Ensuring timely access to emergency dental services during public health crises may substantially reduce psycho-social burden and improve patient-centered outcomes.

BackgroundAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a prevalent neurodevelopmental condition in childhood, associated not only with difficulties in attention and impulsivity but also with increased internalizing symptoms, such as anxiety and depression, and a marked reduction in quality of life. Although pharmacological treatments play a central role in the management of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, there is a growing need for psychosocial interventions that target these emotional difficulties and quality of life outcomes while actively involving families. This study is novel in its evaluation of the effectiveness of a structured cognitive behavioral therapy based psychoeducational program involving both children and their parents in reducing anxiety and depressive symptoms and improving quality of life in children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.MethodA quasi-experimental controlled pretest–posttest design was employed. The intervention group comprised thirty-seven children aged eight to twelve years diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and their parents, while the control group included thirty-six age- and gender-matched children with the same diagnosis and their parents. The intervention consisted of an eight-session cognitive behavioral therapy based psychoeducational program integrating emotional regulation, adaptive coping strategies, and parent-focused guidance. Data were collected at baseline and after the intervention using a sociodemographic information form, the Quality of Life Inventory, and the Revised Children’s Anxiety and Depression Scale.ResultsThe intervention and control groups were similar in terms of demographic characteristics. The mean age of children in the intervention group was 10.35 ± 1.40 years, while the mean age of children in the control group was 10.47 ± 1.28 years (p = 0.751). Regarding gender distribution, the intervention group consisted of 11 girls (29.7%) and 26 boys (70.3%), while the control group consisted of 18 girls (50.0%) and 18 boys (50.0%) (p = 0.077). Children participating in the cognitive behavioral therapy -based psycho-educational program showed a statistically significant improvement in quality of life and a significant decrease in anxiety and depressive symptoms between the pre-test and post-test. No significant changes were observed in the same outcome measures in the control group.ConclusionThese findings provide robust evidence that cognitive behavioral therapy based psychoeducational interventions incorporating family participation are effective in improving psychological well-being and quality of life in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. From both psychiatric and nursing perspectives, such programs represent a valuable, non-pharmacological adjunct to standard care, supporting holistic and family-centered approaches in the multidisciplinary management of childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Clinical trial registrationThis study was registered under Clinical Trial Number: NCT06624527 on September 25, 2023. URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06624527?term=NCT06624527&rank=1.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40359-026-04110-7.

The college period is an important transitional phase that requires students to adapt to complex academic, social, and emotional challenges. Difficulties in adaptation often reduce students' well-being and quality of life. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of classical guidance services based on growth mindset and distress tolerance training in improving students' quality of life. The method used is a quantitative approach with a One-Group Pretest-Posttest design. The research sample consisted of 30 students selected through purposive sampling. The data collection instrument used the Quality of Life Inventory (QOLI), and the analysis was performed using a paired sample t-test. The results of the study showed a significant increase in students' quality of life scores after participating in the training, both overall and in each dimension. These findings confirm that the integration of growth mindset and distress tolerance can strengthen students' cognitive and emotional aspects, thereby improving their psychological well-being and ability to adapt to academic pressure.

This study aims to describe the quality of life in adults with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The study used a descriptive quantitative method using the Quality-of-Life Inventory (QOLI). The results of the descriptive analysis showed that the majority of respondents were in the average quality of life category (67.5%), followed by high (15.0%) and low (12.5%) categories. These findings suggest that although adults with ADHD face various functional and psychosocial challenges, factors such as education, employment status, social support, and access to medication and therapy play a role in maintaining an average quality of life.

Acceptability and tolerability of long-acting injectable cabotegravir-rilpivirine in adolescents with HIV-1 (IMPAACT 2017/MOCHA): 48-week results of a multicentre, open-label, non-comparative phase 1/2 trial.

Impact of cardiac pacemakers on the HRQoL in Chinese children: A study based on specific questions of each domain of the HRQoL

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to describe how adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) perceive their diagnosis identity and examine its correlation with executive functions (EFs), self-management abilities, and quality of life (QoL). Methods: A total of 66 adolescents with ADHD, aged 12 to 18 years (M = 15.21, SD = 1.84), completed self-report questionnaires, including the Illness Identity Questionnaire, Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, Self-Control and Self-Management Scale, and Pediatric QoL Inventory. We used ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc tests to assess differences in diagnosis identity domains and Pearson correlations to examine correlations between diagnosis identity, EFs, self-management, and QoL. Results: Adolescents reported significantly higher ADHD Acceptance feelings compared to Rejection, Engulfment, and Enrichment, F (2.38, 149.89) = 32.41, p < 0.001. Total diagnosis identity score was strongly associated with self-management (r = 0.61, p < 0.001). While no significant correlations were found with overall EF or QoL, significant associations did emerge with their sub-scores. Regression analyses indicated that self-monitoring, social QoL, and self-evaluation together explained 45% of the variance in diagnosis identity. The Engulfment dimension of identity was a significant negative predictor of executive functioning (R2 = 0.15), self-management (R2 = 0.35), and QoL (R2 = 0.17). Conclusions: Promoting a positive diagnosis identity may improve functional and emotional outcomes in adolescents with ADHD. In turn, better functional and emotional outcomes may help them embrace a diagnosis identity that is more positive.

Background: Public speaking anxiety (PSA) and social anxiety (SA) are among the most common psychological challenges faced by university students. While both are known to impair academic performance, their broader impact on quality of life (QoL) remains underexplored, particularly in non-clinical student populations. Objective: This study aimed to examine the associations between PSA, SA, and QoL among university students, with the hypothesis that higher PSA and SA would be negatively associated with QoL. Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed with a sample of 100 undergraduate students (54 females, 46 males) recruited from public and private universities in India. Participants completed three standardized measures: the Personal Report of Public Speaking Anxiety (PRPSA), the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS), and the Quality of Life Inventory (QOLI). Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlations and multiple regression, controlling for demographic variables. Results: Descriptive findings indicated moderately high levels of PSA (M = 127.3, SD = 18.2) and SA (M = 87.5, SD = 14.6), alongside average-to-low QoL scores (M = 1.25, SD = 0.52). Correlation analyses revealed significant negative associations between both PSA and QoL (r = –.46, p &lt; .01) and SA and QoL (r = –.42, p &lt; .01). Regression analysis confirmed that PSA (β = –.32, p = .003) and SA (β = –.28, p = .017) were independent negative predictors of QoL, accounting for 37% of its variance. Conclusion: Findings support the hypothesis that PSA and SA are strongly linked to diminished QoL among university students. Both anxieties, while interrelated, contribute uniquely to well-being outcomes. These results highlight the need for targeted interventions such as communication skills training, cognitive-behavioral approaches, and mental health support services to reduce anxiety and promote holistic student well-being in higher education contexts. Keywords: Public Speaking Anxiety, Social Anxiety, Quality of Life, University Students, Higher Education

AIM. Assessment of immediate and long-term results, quality of life and return to work after microsurgical treatment of ruptured cerebral aneurysms in patients using the Hunt – Hess 3–5 scale. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study included 455 patients with aneurysmal hemorrhage (AH) in the acute period after microsurgical clipping, who were treated at the Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute from 2019 to 2022. The condition was assessed using the Hunt – Hess scale; the study included patients with a severity of the Hunt – Hess condition of 3–5. An assessment was made of the prevalence of hemorrhage and the prognosis of the development of angiospasm according to the Fisher scale. RESULTS. Assessment of the clinical condition of patients and functional outcomes was carried out immediately after surgery and after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. We used the Modified Glasgow Outcome Scale, the Modified Rankin Scale, the EQ-5D-3L Quality of Life Inventory, the MMSE Mini-Mental Status Scale, and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale. CONCLUSION. The patient’s age, the severity of the condition according to the Hunt – Hess grade, and functional impairments in the delayed period are the most significant factors in the return of patients to their previous working capacity. According to the results of our work, 50.3 % of patients returned to their previous working conditions on a full working day. In our opinion, the analysis of functional outcomes should be the basis for creating a functional scale for assessing functional outcomes and return to work, which determines the relevance of further research on this problem.

BACKGROUNDOral food challenge (OFC) is an integral part of confirming and evaluating the diagnosis of food allergy (FA), and most incidents of FA occur in children. FA significantly impairs the quality of life (QoL) and causes limited activities outside the home for children and their parents.AIMTo evaluate the effect of OFC on QoL and family activities in children with FA.METHODSThis prospective study identified children suspected of FA using a skin prick test (SPT) between January 2022 and December 2024. These children conduct an elimination diet for 4 wk, followed by OFC under protocol. Rating scales evaluated QoL using pediatric QoL inventory and family activities using family activities impact scale (FAIS), in which data are collected before and after an elimination diet and OFC. Statistical analysis utilized χ2, Spearman , paired t, Wilcoxon, independent t, and Mann–Whitney tests, with P < 0.05 considered significant.RESULTSMost participants were boys (137; 65.55%); 102 (64.56%) had a positive OFC and 35 (68.63%) a negative OFC. The average QoL before OFC was 69.13 ± 5.78, and 92.40 ± 4.22 after OFC (Z = 12.537; P < 0.001). In the FAIS score, the average result before OFC was 5.36 ± 0.68 and 4.10 ± 0.38 after OFC, which was a significant difference (Z = 12.162; P < 0.001). Although the difference in QoL before and after increased, and FAIS reduced, there was no significant difference. Additionally, most results of positive SPT are higher than positive OFC in each specific food allergen.CONCLUSIONOFC may improve QoL and FAIS in children with FA and their families as it increases activities outside the home and reduces worry about allergen exposure.

To investigate how parental resilience affects children's health-related quality of life (QoL) following hospital discharge, comparing outcomes between paediatric intensive care and general ward admissions. Prospective cohort study with 2-month follow-up. Tertiary care hospital in Thailand (February 2021-August 2022). 100 parent-child dyads (58 paediatric intensive care unit (PICU), 42 general ward) with children aged 4-16 years; 95% completed both assessments. Parental resilience assessed using the Resilience Quotient questionnaire and children's QoL measured using the Paediatric QoL Inventory 4.0. Cross-lagged analysis revealed that baseline parental resilience significantly predicted child QoL at follow-up (β=0.426, p=0.038), but baseline child QoL did not significantly predict changes in parental resilience. Hierarchical regression identified changes in parental resilience (β=1.090, p<0.01) and baseline child QoL (β=0.524, p<0.01) as key predictors of later QoL. Parents of general ward patients showed greater improvements in resilience and their children demonstrated significant improvements in social functioning (21.67 vs 8.58 points, p=0.005) and total QoL scores (12.06 vs 4.13 points, p=0.038) compared with the PICU group. Parental resilience is a significant predictor of children's QoL following hospital discharge, with a unidirectional relationship where parental resilience influences subsequent child outcomes. This association persisted after controlling for demographic and clinical factors, suggesting the potential importance of psychological support for parents during their child's hospitalisation regardless of care setting. Longitudinal studies with longer follow-up periods are needed to validate these findings and assess their clinical significance.

Addiction affects multiple areas of life and its overall quality. Previous research has shown that the Quality of life of individuals with substance and behavioral addictions is significantly lower compared to the average of the general population. The aim of the paper was to identify the gender differences in the quality of life of individuals with substance and behavioral addictions. The sample consisted of 118 participants, aged 18-42 years. Quality of life was assessed using the Quality of Life Inventory by B. Frisch. Results show gender differences within the studied group that present various forms of addiction. The results are consistent with the scientific literature.

Background: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) frequently struggle with oral motor skills deficiencies. In addition to postural control, respiratory control, sensory adaptation, sensorimotor facilitation, and direct feeding, the recently developed oral motor facilitation technique (OMFT) offers full oral motor therapy. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to: (1) measure the impact of OMFT on treating oral motor problems, (2) to assess the impact of the OMFT on the quality of life (QoL) for children who have oral motor difficulties and their caregivers. Study Design: One-arm interventional study. Methods: The purpose of this one-arm interventional study design was to determine how OMFT affected the oral motor abilities and overall well-being of children with CP and the adults who cared for them. The number of selected children was 30, and OMFT was conducted for 6 weeks (12 sessions). Using the oral motor assessment scale, pediatric QoL inventory (CP module), and Feeding/Swallowing Impact Survey, the impacts on oral motor skills and the QoL of children with CP and their caregivers were evaluated both before and 6 weeks after OMFT. Differences among periods of OMFT were analyzed using the paired t -test, and the significance level (α) was set at P &lt; 0.05. Results: Following OMFT, there was a notable increase in oral motor abilities with P &lt; 0.000, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.328–0.146), and t value (5.320). Control of liquid during deglutition was the most effective with P &lt; 0.000, 95% CI (0.656–0.277) and t value (5.037), while lip closure during deglutition was the least effective with P &gt; 0.326, 95% CI (0.102–0.105) and t value (1.0000). In this study, QoL of children improved significantly with P &lt; 0.000, 95% CI (0.011–0.003), and t value (3.699). Furthermore, QoL of caregivers was also found to be improved significantly with P &lt; 0.000, 95% CI (0.308–0.767), and t value (4.796). Conclusion: It was found that OMFT was an efficient and helpful oral motor therapy regimen to enhance oral motor skills and also the QoL of CP children and their caregivers.

BackgroundMedicinal plants and herbal preparations have been used in Ayurveda medicine to treat diabetes for centuries. Link Gluconorm (LG) is a standardized solid formulation comprising seven medicinal herbs that have been used as herbal ingredients in Ayurveda for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the solid form of LG, and its effect on the quality of life (QoL) in T2DM patients.Materials and methodsAn observational study was conducted on 37 newly diagnosed uncomplicated T2DM patients aged between 35 and 65 years, whose fasting blood glucose levels ranged between 110 and 160 mg/dL. They were being treated for diabetes using the LG herbal formulation as the sole treatment. Laboratory tests for assessing glycemic control and safety were done at baseline and repeated at 4-weekly intervals for 24-weeks. A validated diabetes-specific QoL inventory was administered every 2 weeks.ResultsThe mean age was 48 ± 9y, and the mean body mass index was 25.0 ± 4.4 kg/m2 and 25.2 ± 4.2 kg/m2 for females and males, respectively. Statistically significant reductions in mean fasting blood glucose (153.85 mg/dL ± 15.62 to 129.01 mg/dL ± 12.88, p = 0.006), postprandial blood glucose (191.27 mg/dL ± 21.40 to 140.72 mg/dL ± 8.92, p < 0.001), glycosylated hemoglobin (8.51%±0.44 to 7.43%±0.40, p < 0.001) and improved QoL scores (1.93 ± 0.22 to 1.55 ± 0.08, p < 0.01) were observed at 24 weeks. There were no adverse changes in the hematological, liver and renal function safety parameters assessed using laboratory investigations. No adverse events or hypoglycemia were reported.ConclusionsThe polyherbal formulation LG significantly improved the QoL and glycaemic parameters and appeared safe after 24 weeks of treatment. Due to the small sample size, unblinded nature of this preliminary study, and the lack of a control arm, a randomized double-blinded controlled clinical trial on a larger group of patients is recommended.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between separation-individuation characteristics, body mass index (BMI), and quality of life in adolescents diagnosed with anorexia nervosa (AN). Materials and Methods: The study included a sample of 21 cases who were presented at the Ege University Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit and received a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa. The study utilized the Sociodemographic Data Form, the Separation-Individuation Test of Adolescence (SITA), and the Children’s Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). Results: Negative correlations were found for the scores of rejection expectancy and need denial from the separation-individuation subscales with peer enmeshment and quality of life functionality (r = -0.67; p = 0.002; r = -0.61; p = 0.007). A positive correlation was found between the practicing-mirroring scores of the cases and the affect-related quality of life functionality (r = 0.55; p = 0.018). Conclusion: The study suggests that difficulties in separation-individuation among adolescents with anorexia nervosa are linked to a decline in quality of life. Recognizing and addressing separation-individuation challenges, which are believed to contribute to the development of anorexia nervosa and its psychodynamic etiology, is crucial for improving quality of life and ensuring effective treatment.

Objective: Type 1 diabetes significantly affects children physical, emotional, social, and academic well- being, reducing their Quality of Life (QoL) and potentially causing psychological problems. This study evaluates the QoL in children aged 10 - 16 with type 1 diabetes in Yazd. Materials and Methods: In this analytical cross-sectional study, 75 children with type 1 diabetes who visited healthcare clinics in Yazd were assessed. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and the Pediatric QoL Inventory (PedsQL), QoL questionnaire, evaluating four subscales: physical, emotional, social, and academic performance. Data were analyzed using SPSS -24 software. Results: The highest QoL score was in the physical dimension (mean: 8.51 (± 7.04)), while the lowest was in academic performance (mean: 4.02 (± 3.75)). A significant relationship was found between gender and academic performance (girls: 2.43 (± 1.58), boys: 1.93 (± 1.04)) (P= 0.021). HbA1C levels significantly correlated with academic (P= 0.028) and social (P= 0.013) dimensions. Parental education (father: P= 0.007, mother: P= 0.047) and employment status (father: P= 0.039, mother: P= 0.025) were also associated with QoL and academic performance. Conclusion: Type 1 diabetes particularly impacts the academic and social dimensions of QoL in children, potentially leading to long-term psychological consequences. Further research should explore therapeutic, educational, and familial interventions to enhance their QoL

Introduction: Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) may be as effective for treating obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) as the gold standard treatment, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with exposure response prevention (ERP), but ACT has never been directly compared to CBT/ERP in a randomized control trial. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of group-based ACT and CBT/ERP in two outpatient mental health service clinics for adults with OCD. Methods: A total of 176 patients with OCD participated in a single-blinded, non-inferiority, block randomized controlled trial (RCT). Patients were assigned to either the ACT (n = 101) or CBT/ERP (n = 75) groups for 14 weekly sessions. The primary outcome was the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) score at post-treatment and at the 6-month follow-up with prespecified non-inferiority criteria. Quality of life, measured using the Quality of Life Inventory (QOLI), was the secondary outcome. Results: Linear mixed models showed that Y-BOCS scores in the ACT group were non-inferior to those in the CBT/ERP group both post-treatment and at 6, and 12 months of follow-up. QOLI scores also showed no significant differences in ACT compared to CBT/ERP across the three measurement points. Conclusion: This RCT demonstrated that group-delivered ACT is non-inferior to CBT/ERP in reducing OCD symptoms and improving the quality of life of patients with OCD in outpatient mental health services. These findings suggest that ACT may serve as a viable alternative to CBT/ERP in adults with OCD in outpatient mental health settings, although further replication is necessary.

Background: Children with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) require therapies such as hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD). These treatments can impact a child’s quality of life (QoL); however, research comparing the QoL between children undergoing HD and those undergoing chronic PD in developing countries is limited. Objectives: This study compared the QoL of children with ESKD undergoing PD versus HD. Methods: This study employed an analytic observational method with a cross-sectional design conducted from December 2023 to March 2024. Consecutive sampling was used for participant recruitment and data collection. The Pediatric QoL Inventory (PedsQL™) version 4.0 Questionnaire was utilized, and data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney non-parametric test, with statistical significance set at P &lt; 0.05. Results: The sample consisted of patients undergoing HD (n = 12, 48%) and PD (n = 13, 52%). Based on child and parent reports, the mean QoL score was significantly higher for PD patients compared to HD patients, although no significant differences were observed in certain aspects. The highest score was recorded in children’s reports regarding social aspects (91.53 ± 22.2). Conclusions: The QoL of pediatric patients on PD was better than that of patients on HD.

ObjectivesThis study aims to validate the Palliative and Complex Chronic Pediatric Patients QoL Inventory (PACOPED QL), a new quality-of-life (QoL) assessment tool for pediatric palliative patients with complex chronic conditions. The goal is to create a comprehensive and inclusive instrument tailored to this unique population, addressing the gap in existing tools that do not meet these specific needs.MethodsThe validation process included a literature review and consultations with experts. A pilot study refined the items, followed by a cross-sectional study involving pediatric palliative patients and their caregivers. Statistical analyses, such as Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency and exploratory factor analysis for structural validity, were utilized.ResultsThe PACOPED QL, comprising 50 items across 8 domains and 6 subdomains, demonstrated strong reliability with Cronbach’s alpha and Guttman split-half reliability both exceeding .9. Validity assessments confirmed its suitability for children with complex illnesses. The tool was refined through expert consultations and pilot testing, reducing items from an initial 85 to a final 50, ensuring relevance and clarity.Significance of resultsThe PACOPED QL shows strong reliability and validity in assessing QoL in pediatric palliative patients. Its comprehensive structure makes it a promising tool for clinical practice and research, addressing a critical need for a tailored assessment in this population. The instrument’s robust psychometric properties indicate its potential utility in improving the QoL assessment and care for children with life-threatening illnesses. Further studies are encouraged to confirm its effectiveness across various settings.