Quality Of Construction Products Research Articles

Quality of construction products available on the Polish market on 2016-2020

The quality of construction products and compliance with their declared performance is of key importance for the safety and health of users of construction works. In extreme cases, defects in building materials can lead to a construction disaster. In order to assess what is the quality of construction products available on the Polish market over the period 2016-2020, the measurement results available on the website of the General Office of Building Supervision (GUNB) were analyzed. The paper presents 13 groups of construction products divided into two sets. The results of the analysis show that there are still construction products on the market that do not meet the declared requirements. In 2020, 44% of thermal insulation products and 38% of membranes did not meet at least one tested property. The quality of construction adhesives, flooring and flooring products is average (in adopted scale of assessment). Due to too few samples/tests, it is difficult to draw clear conclusions for doors, windows and bonded products and aggregates. In all of these product groups, the number of tests performed annually should be increased.

СКЛАДОВІ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО МЕХАНІЗМУ УПРАВЛІННЯ БУДІВЕЛЬНИМИ ПІДПРИЄМСТВАМИ

The article defines the components of the organizational and economic mechanism for managing construction enterprises. It is noted that the introduction of martial law and hostilities on the territory of Ukraine have very sharply revealed serious shortcomings in the organization of the construction complex management system, which continue to negatively affect the economic and social development of the country. Domestic construction enterprises have demonstrated insufficient organizational and economic capacity to meet the challenges they face. The author’s definition of the organizational and economic mechanism for managing construction enterprises is given. It is noted that the formation of an organizational and economic mechanism for managing construction enterprises requires the attraction and proper management of the following resources: material and technical, production and technological, financial, personnel, information, and marketing. It has been found that competitive advantages of construction enterprises are always ensured provided that the quality of construction products and their price are rationally balanced, all types of resources are used efficiently, and the level of guarantees and reliability of developers’ obligations is increased, which, in the end, when using modern management mechanisms, will enable consumers and stakeholders to obtain the result they sought. The carried out research allowed to generalize the problems and determine the prospects for the formation and implementation of the organizational and economic mechanism for management of construction enterprises on the basis of providing characteristics of its main components. It is concluded that the formation of an organizational and economic mechanism for managing construction enterprises will contribute to the successful conduct of construction business on the basis of harmonizing the interests of all stakeholder groups and introducing an effective system for managing all types of resources, which in the future, during the reconstruction of the country, will give a new impetus to the understanding by all stakeholders of the importance of construction for the development of the national economy of Ukraine.

CURRENT TRENDS OF OPERATIONAL QUALITY IN INDUSTRIAL CONSTRUCTION

Purpose. Continuation of the life cycle of construction products is achieved through the use of the latest technologies of a complex technical approach, which includes the creation and use of equipment and materials that compensate for the functional costs of the building at the stage of operation. This substantiates the search for modern approaches to modeling, effective adjustment and development of optimization technologies in the formation of operational quality for the effective implementation of investment and construction projects. Methodology. The study of indicators of operational quality and characteristics of production operations in construction is described by dependencies and algorithms of resource conservation and building safety technologies. The issue of identifying the causes of the loss of reliability of objects and control of resource use requires accounting for changes in the conditions of the external and internal environment, diagnosed in the previous design cycles of this object (prototype) or similar objects (analog), allows to identify them in the form of investment and construction project norms, justify and develop technologies for the formation of its operational quality. Findings. The search for modern approaches to modeling, effective adjustment and development of optimization technologies in the formation of operational quality for the effective implementation of investment-construction projects is substantiated. Originality. The technological complex of system-forming regulators of operational quality in construction, as levers for the implementation of construction projects and applied tools for evaluation and forecasting of parameters of the operational quality of construction products, which allows timely response to the requirements of the customer of the construction project and making the necessary corrections during the implementation of construction processes, in order to comply with the planned operational quality standards. Practical value. Carrying out theoretical and practical justifications and scientific and practical research on the development of technologies for the formation of operational quality in construction. The existing principles of management activities for the assessment and improvement of operational quality at all stages of the life cycle of the construction object and in production processes are substantiated, taking into account the modern conditions of the world market, which imposes strict requirements on construction products at all stages of their creation. Approaches to the implementation of the technology for improving the operational quality of industrial buildings have been developed, which contributed to increasing the level of object reliability and the optimal level of production resource saving. Proposed concepts of the continuation of the life cycle of construction products due to the use of the latest technologies of a complex technical approach in the process of creating and using equipment and materials that compensate for the functional costs of the building at the stage of operation. The latest approaches to modeling, effective adjustment and development of optimization technologies are applied in the formation of operational quality for the effective implementation of investment and construction projects.

Financial Analysis of the Construction Company's Product Quality Management System

This scientific study considers the issues of financial analysis of the construction company's products quality management system. The functioning of this system is of great importance in the activities of a construction company, since the quality of products is one of the main evaluation criteria of its activities; therefore, the analysis of the financial component of this system is of primary importance in terms of evaluating the final quality of construction products. The relevance of the subject matter is determined by the need for a thorough study of the features of the functioning of construction enterprises in terms of the financial component of the activity of the quality management system of manufactured products in order to create effective control tools and improve various aspects of their activities. The purpose of this study is to identify the main aspects that affect the financial performance of construction companies in terms of trends in improving the quality of products. The leading approach in this study is a combination of a system analysis of the features of the functioning of enterprises in the construction sector with an analytical study of the financial component of the activities of enterprises in the construction sector in the context of the functioning of the product quality management system of these companies. The main results obtained in the course of this study should be considered an assessment of the economic efficiency of the activities of the construction organisations selected as an example of quality management systems in Almaty, as well as a statement of differences in the activities of the construction companies selected for the analysis of quality management systems. The applied value of this study is determined by the possibility of practical application of the results obtained in the course of it to develop optimal criteria for assessing the quality of the functioning of the quality management system of a construction organisation in the context of the financial aspect of its activities.

Application of BIM Technologies at All Stages of a Construction Project Life Cycle

Introduction. In the current realia of limited resources, high level of competition and high degree of market uncertainty the use of the modern information technologies at all stages of the construction investment project life cycle aimed at facilitating the construction companies in fulfilling their tasks becomes a priority. The implementation of BIM technologies is possible at all stages of a construction project life cycle. This is its advantage over traditional project management tools. The use of BIM technologies makes it possible to add and accumulate information about a capital construction facility in a 3D virtual model throughout the entire life cycle of the project. In this regard, it is possible to optimize such important managerial processes as planning, designing, supply chain management, building and erecting, equipment installment and commissioning of the completed facility. Thanks to using the virtual model, it is possible to control and coordinate the progress of works in all areas and at all stages of the project. Materials and methods. This study considers the possibility of forming and executing all stages of the construction investment projects using BIM technologies, including analysis and forecasting of the facility’s subsequent operation. The use of BIM technologies in the development of the construction investment projects makes it possible to reduce the risk of errors, quickly revise the design and extract the necessary data about the facility, as well as facilitate work progress monitoring.Results. Life cycle management of a construction project using BIM technologies includes five main stages that save not only time but also financial resources required for implementing the project. The BIM model ensures the accumulation of information about the facility in a scope and composition appropriate for making timely managerial decisions, as well as helps to avoid incorrect calculations of time, labor, finance and other resources demand, the same as inconsistencies between the structural elements of a facility and its engineering infrastructure. The use of a BIM model makes it possible to accurately plan the operation of machines and equipment, generate up-todate schedules for procurement of materials and optimize the main logistics processes within construction and operation.Discussion and conclusion. At present, the context and tradition of BIM technologies application in Russia are underdeveloped, their full potential is not used. In most domestic projects there is no integrate application of BIM. The transition to application of BIM technologies in the construction investment projects in Russia will still require some time. However, taking into account the scale and complexity of ongoing projects, the positive effect of BIM technologies implementation will increase encouraging more and more participants of construction investment market to turn to the use of modern technologies. The use of BIM technologies at all stages of construction projects life cycle will significantly contribute to boosting the level of process management, ensuring the high quality of construction products, reducing costs and time of construction. The implementation of BIM technologies at all stages of facilities entire life cycle is an important aid which will greatly foster the transformation of the construction industry in the context of its digitalization.

Use of recycled waste in the production of building materials

With the development of modern society, technological progress does not stand still. Mankind is constantly in search of new ideas and ways of implementation. This article of the authors is part of the modernization of the existing system of production of building materials. The authors propose to use secondary raw materials for the manufacture of a standard product, confirm them with laboratory tests and results. The indicators of the modified concrete mixture with the addition of ash-and-slag waste from the local industrial sector gave a density not inferior to the heavy concrete of 1.8 g/cm3. Positive effect is obtained by using hydraulic press, where at equal ratio of components due to pressing, all samples were transferred to a number of heavy concretes with a density of 1.8 to 2.5 g/cm3. Moreover, it was found that there are reserves of cement saving in the application of ash in the case of samples prepared by means of hydraulic press, as well as to correct the composition of concrete it is required to carry out a full-scale experiment with the joint action of vibration and pressing. Strength tests of samples show that there is an optimum quantity of ash and slag in the formulation, at that not only the standard requirements for the quality of construction products are met, but also exceeds some characteristics of products according to the requirements of standards.

Mechanism of the determination of cost efficiency of the state investments on the of basis risk-focused approach

Modern investment and construction activities in the Russian Federation under the current paradigm of providing a comfortable environment for human activity should ensure the continuous creation (improvement) of the infrastructure of the territory. Every year, at the state level, investment programs are created that reflect the priority areas of construction and are financed from the state budget. However, the existing problems in the deterioration of the quality of construction products, not always a high level of qualification of performers and the necessary construction and investment control at all stages of the life cycle of a capital construction facility have led to the need to create a system that provides for the establishment of limits on budget commitments to cover existing risks and execute an investment project on time.

ISO 9001:2015 vs. Factory Production Control (FPC) to ensure the quality of construction products used in road and bridge engineering

ISO 9001:2015 vs. Factory Production Control (FPC) to ensure the quality of construction products used in road and bridge engineering

A Review of the Impact of Construction Automation and Robotics on Project Delivery

The use of construction technologies is to improve working conditions, improve health and safety, scheduling and improving quality of the construction products. Construction automation redefines construction with machines and advanced technology to mitigate the problems faced in construction, such as labour-related issues among others. To adequately understand the impact of automation and robotics in the construction industry, this study is aimed at reviewing extant literature on how automation and robotics can be put into use in the construction industry as it is being used in the manufacturing industry. The study employed a systematic literature review approach and sourced for published journal and conference articles from Web of Science and Scopus databases. The review revealed that construction automation and robotics increase accuracy of components’ dimension through the use of lasers for dimension analysis, promote design specifications through the use of computer aided designs, increase quality of construction products by ensuring standards are met, brings cost effectiveness as value for money spent is achieved, eliminate material wastage due to accurate and precise estimate of materials needed, reduce construction accidents due to the usage of machines for dangerous construction activities, improve working condition as workers’ are more secure and safety is guaranteed, and reduce labour cost given the fact that machines are deployed for construction activities.

New requirements for technical acceptability of construction products as a component of the construction quality assurance system

The analysis and generalization of theoretical approaches to the formation of the construction quality system, the generalization of the legislative and regulatory framework for quality control in construction. Analysis of the theoretical prerequisites for the formation of quality control of construction revealed that the digital transformation of construction is an integral part of the development of modern society, a prerequisite for changing the system of construction, including control, quality assurance and evaluation of construction processes, works, materials, products and structures.
 It was found that the quality in construction is directly affected by the following factors: quality and completeness of design documentation; the possibility and obligation to comply with legal requirements; quality of construction processes and works, strict compliance with the requirements of technology and construction organization; quality of construction products and structures; technical ability to provide a given level of quality with the help of machines, mechanisms, means of small mechanization, etc .; the level of qualification of management staff, workers and line ITP. The quality system itself can be presented in the format of a "black box", where the factor will be named at the entrance, and at the exit - buildings and structures that meet a given level of quality throughout the life cycle of the object.
 It is proposed to consider the construction quality management system in the form of a multicomponent formation and at the same time a dynamic environment, which is constantly changing under the influence of external and internal factors and has a high degree of scholasticism and uncertainty. With the introduction of digital technologies in the organization of construction, including VIM modeling, use of artificial intelligence, cloud services for information storage, quality control tools that can be performed without human intervention, such as drones, robotic elements, surveillance cameras and others, the construction quality assurance system has to change, taking into account the realities of time. Therefore, the system of quality formation in the article is proposed to be considered throughout the life cycle of the object - from pre-project research to liquidation. This will, in contrast to existing approaches, not only combine into a single system all the components of assurance, evaluation and quality control, which are used at the level of all participants in the construction, but also to ensure integrated process management.

Правовое регулирование минимизации экологических рисков в строительной сфере. Опыт ЕС

The article discusses legal issues contributing to the minimization of environmental risks in the construction industry, the application of international and Russian standards for environmental safety, safety and quality of construction products, as well as consideration of the European experience in the application of regulations that increase environmental culture and environmental safety.

Green building as a target focus in quality and energy efficiency management of construction products

The urgency of the problem of improving the quality of construction products is caused by the need to ensure sustainable development of territories, increase the energy efficiency of buildings and structures, increase the efficiency of investment and construction projects, reduce resource costs, and reduce the negative impact on the environment. The article substantiates the relationship between the quality of construction products and their consumer value, which made it possible to structure the criteria for the quality of construction products and determine the benchmarks in quality management. Taking into account the substantiated criteria for the quality of construction, a methodological toolkit for improving the efficiency of quality management based on a value-oriented approach is proposed. A model has been developed for the efficiency of improving the quality of construction products based on the triad “resource efficiency - minimization of anthropogenic impact - environmental safety for human and nature” until the criteria for green building are achieved.

Information modeling for quality management of a construction company in the context of economic digitalization

The article is devoted to the study of the features of quality control of the organization of construction processes based on the use of information technologies. The construction period is key to ensuring the design characteristics of capital construction projects. It is this stage of the life cycle that characterizes the adequacy of the organizational and managerial decisions made (the organizational and technological sequence of construction) and determines the actual quality indicators (functional efficiency and operational reliability) of the completed construction objects. Statistics of studies of cases that led to the manifestation of deviations from the established (design) quality indicators show that a decrease in the quality of construction products (including an increase in the duration of construction production) is almost never the result of any one, but occurs as a result of the interaction of several different negative factors (groups of negative factors). A special emphasis is placed on the technology of automated computer modeling (BIM technology), which accompanies all stages and stages of construction. It is noted that automated management can be either short-term, designed for the current year, or in the form of a long cycle.

Organizational and technical factors of urban territories redevelopment

The dynamism of changes in the external environment of residential real estate objects with the simultaneous limitation of urban areas are the main prerequisite for creating new construction projects that have a high level of investment attractiveness. Such combined factors open up and increase the importance of using such a tool as redevelopment. Residential formations (complexes, districts, blocks, individual objects) are an obvious result of the artificial organization of the territory urban environment available for development. The quality of the organization of an artificial (residential) environment is determined primarily by the level of technical and moral condition of capital construction objects of residential purposes: houses, buildings, complexes, districts (micro-districts). The considered structural objects of the urban environment are exposed in the course of their functioning (operation) to certain natural and climatic, technical and technological, and social and cultural influences that lead to a certain loss of the original (established) quality of construction products. This loss of quality is expressed in the partial or complete loss of the ability of a construction object (complex of objects) to provide a comfortable and safe life for groups of the population or individuals living in the territory under consideration. Many industrial enterprises, especially old ones, are therefore unable to withstand competition and the economic component of their existence, and are not able to provide an appropriate environmental environment. In this regard, the most rational and mutually beneficial solution is considered to be the transfer of such enterprises outside the city borders, or to specially designated industrial areas, with the subsequent redevelopment of the liberated territory for the needs of the city itself, housing construction, or social and cultural or business facilities. City municipalities are also interested in this process in order to revitalize large areas that are often empty or under-used. The economic component of this process for the city, with proper redevelopment will be tax increases that will be transferred to the city from the well-functioning of the new building complex, providing the population of the city and its district the most popular services. It is particularly necessary to highlight industrial urban areas that have historical significance and contain objects of high architectural value on their territories, which give special expressiveness to the appearance of cities. In addition to social, economic, and environmental issues, the issue of redevelopment of all these territories also has a certain historical significance, including from the point of view of preserving not only the architectural features, but also the special microclimate of each particular urban district. The paper presents the results of a study of the problem of improving the efficiency of the organization of works on the redevelopment of urban territories in the conditions of existing development.

Assessment of the manufacturability of construction products in the renovation zone

Nowadays, the large-scale development of the renovation of the housing stock of cities includes not only the reconstruction of residential areas, but also the actively expanding renovation of industrial zones. Moreover, each renovation area is characterized by a wide variety of residential and non-residential buildings, urban infrastructure facilities. According to the structure of renovation objects, eight main zones have been identified, which include various combinations of the above objects. At the same time, in the process of work, it is necessary to constantly monitor the compliance of technology regulations with the design values of the quality of construction products. For this, in order to assess both individual groups of objects and buildings and structures for the renovation zone in general, a system of manufacturability indicators is proposed. As a basic indicator, labor costs (machine time) are recommended, since it is the changes in the technology of work that immediately affect the work of construction teams and their links. The conditions are given under which it is possible to assert the compliance or non-compliance of the applied technological regulations with the design requirements. The sequence of establishing an integral indicator of the manufacturability of construction products during the period of their creation in the whole renovation zone is described.

Regulatory support for the redevelopment design system

One of the main features of construction as a branch of material production is a wide range of various types of regulations, technical, process flow and methodology documentation, and governing standards determining the conditions for development of design solutions and the formation of the functional quality of construction products. Regulatory control of practical activities in the field of construction should be considered as a necessary tool and most important means of achieving the planned results, bearing in mind, first of all, the quality of organizational and process solutions, methods of construction operations in the specific conditions of a construction site, methods of ensuring control and supervisory measures in simple and complex construction processes. The structure of city-forming factors had changed noticeably by the middle of the twentieth century: the number of people employed in the service sector, education, and the banking sector had grown. The industrial production and transport structure has changed. Society began to impose increasingly stringent requirements on sanitary standards for the functioning of industries and many of them were forced to close down. Science-intensive industries sprang up in major cities to employ the redundant workers. The share of the economically active population employed in scientific and design centers, and medical and educational institutions increased. Relocation of some enterprises outside the major cities in Europe coincided with the perceived need for their radical technical re-equipment. Our country was at least 50-70 years late with these measures, which caused a general technical lag. Intensive housing construction in large cities of Russia has led to the fact that employees often use public and private transportation to get to work from “dormitory” areas in the direction of the center. As market principles for assessing the effectiveness of enterprises allowed for economic reforms, introduction of cadastral changed the structure of the urban economy.

Совершенствование нормативов расходов заказчика на осуществление контроля качества при строительстве и реконструкции опасных производственных объектов

The article is devoted to the issue of setting standards for the customer’s expenses for quality control during the construction and reconstruction of buildings and structures at hazardous production facilities. The research was carried out at one of the largest enterprises of the ferrous metallurgy of the Russian Federation, based on the actual costs of quality control during the construction and reconstruction of hazardous production facilities. The work uses a set of methods, including mathematical modeling with elements of mathematical statistics, technical and economic analysis. Measures to ensure the quality of construction products, existing regulatory documents on quality assurance in the construction of hazardous production facilities are considered, existing approaches to determining the customer’s cost standards are analyzed, new economic and mathematical models of the dependencies of the cost standards for quality control in the construction of hazardous production facilities are developed, their comparative economic assessment is performed. The obtained research results are the basis for making changes to regulatory documents regarding the establishment of costs for quality control during the construction of hazardous production facilities.

МЕТОДИЧНІ ПІДХОДИ ТА МОДЕЛІ ПРИЙНЯТТЯ АДАПТИВНИХ УПРАВЛІНСЬКИХ РІШЕНЬ У БУДІВНИЦТВІ

The article analyzes the methodological approaches to making adaptive management decisions in construction, taking into account European quality standards for construction products. It was found that the civilizational choice of Ukraine, its main priority of domestic and foreign policy is full-scale integration with the European Union. The «4M» methodology is presented, which directly connects quality management with the use of the whole arsenal of management methods and management decision-making options. It is noted that one of the most important factors in the quality of construction products is effective inventory management, which reduces the duration of the production and the entire operating cycle reducing current costs for their preservation and freeing from current economic turnover of funds by reinvesting them in other assets. Ensuring this efficiency is achieved through the development and implementation of financial policies for inventory management. Emphasis is placed on the fact that one of the modern methods of making adaptive management decisions on the quality of construction products is benchmarking. Its’ application is based on the characteristics of quality management systems, guided by international and national quality management standards. Benchmarking tools have been found in order to make effective management decisions and gain a lasting competitive advantage. It is concluded that taking into account European standards the solution of effective management decisions by the construction companies’ product quality management, is based on the use of operational, marketing and economic tools that address the strategic development of construction companies in Ukraine. In turn, the path chosen by the economy of Ukraine indicates the need to comply with European standards of construction work quality, which is significantly complicated by the current state of domestic production systems.

Economic instruments for improving the quality of construction products

Economic instruments for improving the quality of construction products

Management of knowledge maturity in construction by constructive-technological templates

Formulation of the problem.Currently, management of knowledge maturity as a management discipline is insufficiently represented in the practice of construction companies. Given the high amount of commercial, management and production information processed in the management of the investment and construction process, the management of knowledge maturity requires the development of appropriate tool, which can be constructive-technological templates. Goal. Development of the “constructive-technological template” concept for managing the maturity of knowledge in construction. Main results. The article analyzes the approaches to knowledge management in the context of investment and construction process. The main provisions of the concept of “constructive-technological template” were developed and presented as an information tool for construction management. On this basis, recommendations were developed for the management of knowledge maturity with the help of constructive-technological template. Research has shown that the constructive-technological template is an information block consisting of interconnected models of product and construction processes. This block allows to make full-fledged production models that gives the possibility to solve a wide range of problems: commercial, managerial, architectural, constructive, technological, operational. This association implements current management methods: scientific organization of labor and management, system and process approaches, project management and engineering, building information modeling. Thus, the constructive-technological template is modern information management tool in construction. Templates as information blocks can be used for different purposes, have different structure and differentiation during the investment and construction process. These processes determine the maturity management of constructive-technological template, i.e. knowledge in construction. Conclusion. The use of constructive-technological template as a tool for managing the maturity of knowledge in construction allows to obtain a significant economic and technical effect. Namely: to increase sales of construction and engineering services, construction products; to increase the efficiency of production management; to increase the quality of construction products; to reduce direct and general production costs; to reduce the total cost of construction and operation of buildings. This is possible by combining different management requirements in one information tool.