Quality Of Briquettes Research Articles

Influence and prediction of chemical composition of alfalfa on the quality and specific energy consumption of alfalfa briquettes

The chemical components and water content are related to the physical and mechanical properties of straw, affecting the processing technology that utilizes straw as energy and feed. The ratio of the viscous component to the elastic component, denoted as q, characterizes different chemical components of alfalfa. The influence of eigenvalue q on the densification of alfalfa particles was analyzed. By examining the morphology of alfalfa briquettes, the main binding mode of particles in the alfalfa briquettes was identified as the solid bridge formed by viscous components. A GA-BP-ANN artificial neural network prediction model was established to predict energy consumption and alfalfa briquette quality using q, improving the model's accuracy and stability while reducing the number of iterations. The research results contribute to determining the appropriate compression process for alfalfa, thereby promoting the efficient and high-quality utilization of alfalfa.

The Effect of Adhesive Ratio on the Quality of Charcoal Briquettes

This study used cassava stem charcoal and charcoal from forest fires mixed with tapioca adhesive at different ratios, the aim was to analyze the effect of different adhesive ratios on the quality of charcoal briquettes.Charcoal briquettes are formed using a 40 bar press machine with a pressing time of 10 minutes. The mixture of charcoal briquette raw materials uses a tapioca adhesive ratio of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10%.Testing is carried out to determine the quality, then analyzed and compared with the SNI 01-6235-2000 standard.The effect of adhesive ratio on adhesive quality was analyzed using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The test results show the following values:density 0.54 g/cm3, moisture content 4.97%, compressive strength 28.43 kg/cm2, volatile matter content 36.02%, ash content 6.36%, fixed carbon content 56.45% and calorific value 6,195 cal/gobtained from a 10% adhesive ratio. The adhesive ratio has a very significant effect on the water content, compressive strength and calorific value; has a significant effect on the density value; and has no significant effect on the volatile matter value, ash content and bound carbon content.The results of charcoal briquette testing mostly meet the standards according to SNI (No. 01-6235-2000)

Study of improving the quality of charcoal briquettes mixed to sago barks and sago dregs as an alternative energy source

Abstract The sago processing industry generates waste in the form of sago barks and dregs, which often polluting the environment, To address this issue, one promising solution is the conversion of these waste into renewable energy such as briquettes. This study aims to improve the quality of sago dreg briquettes by incorporating sago barks, aiming for compliance with charcoal briquette standards and indoor air quality regulations concerning to briquette combustion emissions. Various mixing ratios were examined, to determine the optimal composition. The manufacturing process followed the standard guidelines outlined in SNI 01-6235-2000. Testing procedures encompassed proximate analysis, calorific value determination via bomb calorimetry, and assessment of CO gas emissions using an Environmental Combustion Analysis (ECA) tool. Results indicated a significant influence of the Barks-dreg ratio on physical characteristics, combustion behavior, and CO emissions. The KBA2 mixture, comprising 90% barks and 10% dregs, exhibited the most good attributes, including moisture (2%), ash (10.32%), fly matter (20.66%), bound carbon content (69.02%), and calorific value (5806.4 cal/g). Emission testing with the ECA tool confirmed CO emissions of 357 mg/Nm3, well within acceptable limits. In conclusion, this study shows that mixing sago barks and sago dregs in certain proportions can produces briquettes that meet quality standars, which have the potential for sustainable energy production in the sago industry.

Utilization of cocoa pod husk and wood charcoal into briquettes as an environmentally friendly alternative fuel.

Many efforts have been made to convert cocoa pod husk waste into charcoal briquettes, but they have not yet met the established Indonesian National Standard(SNI). Therefore, steps are needed to produce charcoal briquettes that comply with these standards. One approach that can be taken is by blending cocoa podhusk with wood charcoal since wood charcoal has a sufficiently high calorific value that can enhance the quality of the charcoal briquettes. This research aimsto find the optimal conditions for making briquettes from cocoa pod husk and identify the impact of briquette composition and carbonization time on valuessuch as moisture content, ash content, calorific value, and burning rate of the produced briquettes. The research process includes carbonization, grinding, sieving, adding a binder, and drying, followed by testing the briquettes’ characteristics. This research was conducted by comparing the mass composition of cocoa pod husk charcoal and wood charcoal at ratios of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, and 25:75, with carbonization times of 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 hours. The best analysis results, in accordance with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI), were obtained at a carbonization time of 2 hours with a composition of 50:50 (cocoa pod husk:wood charcoal). The values include a moisture content of 5.944%, ash content of 7.83571%, calorific value of 4388.5 kcal kg -1 , and burning rate of 0.0034 g second -1 . The length of the carbonization process has a significant impact on the characteristics of the resulting briquettes, including moisture content, ash content, calorific value and burning rate. The longer the carbonization process, the lower the moisture content and ash content, and the higher the heating value and burning rate.

Solid Biofuel from the Amazon: A Circular Economy Approach to Briquette Production from Wood Waste

The Amazon region contains numerous areas dedicated to sustainable timber extraction. This operation has low yields and generates a large amount of waste. However, this waste can be repurposed for energy generation, providing income for locals and reducing reliance on non-renewable energy sources prevalent in the region. This study aimed to assess the impact of torrefaction on various wood residues for briquette production. Wood residues from Mimosa scabrella Benth (Bracatinga), Dipteryx odorata (Aubl.) Willd. (Cumaru), and Aspidosperma populifolium A.DC. (Peroba mica) were torrefied at temperatures ranging from 180 to 220 °C for sixty minutes under a nitrogen atmosphere. Briquettes were produced using laboratory equipment with loading pressures between 7 and 14 MPa. Torrefied particle properties were evaluated based on proximate composition and calorific value tests, while briquette quality was assessed for physical and mechanical properties. The results demonstrated the briquetting potential of different wood species before and after torrefaction, with optimal outcomes achieved by torrefaction at 220 °C due to its enhancement of energy density. Briquettes showed optimal characteristics at compression pressures of 14 MPa, resulting in increased density (between 1.10 and 1.24 g·cm−3) and compression strength (between 7.20 and 21.02 MPa). The ash values were low and met the requirements. The utilization of waste for briquette production offers a significant alternative for energy generation in economically disadvantaged communities, while also enabling the replacement of non-renewable energy sources.

Utilization of Livestock Waste (Cow Manure) and Household Waste (Waste Cooking Oil) as Briquettes to Substitute Alternative Fuels

As the global population continues to grow, there is a corresponding increase in energy consumption annually. The need for alternative energy sources is evident in light of the finite reserves of oil. Briquettes are a renewable energy option that can help decrease reliance on oil. Briquettes can be produced through the utilization of organic waste materials. This research was carried out from 19 September to 18 October 2023, at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Palangka Raya, and the Analytical Laboratory, Muhammadiyah University, Palangka Raya. The aim of this research is to determine the quality of briquettes made using cow dung charcoal and cooking oil as an adhesive. The parameters of this research are water content, ash content, burn rate, and colorific value. This research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) model with 4 treatments and each treatment was repeated 5 times so that there were 20 experimental units. The composition of the briquettes consists of (P1) = 90% cow dung and 10% used cooking oil, (P2): 87.5% cow dung and 12.5% ​​used cooking oil, (P3): 85% cow dung and 15% used cooking oil and (P4): 82.5% cow dung and 17.5% ​​used cooking oil. The results of variance analysis showed that the parameters of water content, ash content, burn rate, and colorific value did not show a significant influence between treatments (P>0.05) although there was a trend that P1 and P3 were better than the other treatments. It was concluded that the best quality of briquettes in terms of water content and ash content was in the P1 treatment (Briquettes with a composition of 90% cow dung and 10% used cooking oil), whereas if viewed from the burning rate and calorific value of the best briquettes, it was the P3 treatment (Briquettes with a composition of 85 % cow dung and 15% used cooking oil).

Pengaruh Metode Pengarangan dan Ukuran Partikel Terhadap Kualitas Briket Cangkang Kelapa Sawit

One renewable energy source is biomass. Biomass is organic matter that generally comes from plants. Bio charcoal briquettes are solid fuels and come from the remnants of biomass that are charred. This study aims to examine the effect of authoring method and particle size on briquette quality. This study used the method of torrefaction authoring at temperatures of 2000C, 3000C and manual authoring. The particle size of charcoal is varied by 20 and 40 mesh. The parameters tested are moisture content, calorific value, bound carbon content, vapor content, ash content, density and combustion rate. The results showed that the type of torrefaction authoring was able to improve the quality of briquettes through increasing calorific value, bound carbon content and reducing water content and evaporating substances and the production of liquid smoke products by 48.5%. The quality of briquettes from the temperature of 3000C charcoal size 20 mesh briquettes meets the quality I of SNI 01-6235-2000 with calorific values and water content of 6841 Cal/g, 3.52% respectively and the content of bound carbon, vaporizers, ash, density and combustion rate are 50.06%, 37.59%, 8.13%, 1.71 g/cm3, 0.076 g/min.

Comparative Analysis of the Quality and Electrical Energy of Wood Waste Briquettes with Natural (Starch) and Synthetic Adhesives (Synthetic Rubber Adhesive)

On average, small and medium-scale wood processing industries produced at least 2 to 4 cubic meters of wood a day, this production produced 0.25 to 2 m3 of wood waste a day. In fact, this waste can be used as a renewable energy source by processing it into briquettes. This research will produce wood waste briquettes using the pyrolysis method from two types of adhesive, namely starch and synthetic rubber adhesive with a composition ratio of 3:1. Apart from that, the resulting briquettes were tested using a bomb calorimeter to obtain the calorific value, water content, ash content, and volatile matter content, and then compared with the SNI 01-6235-2000 standard. The resulting briquettes were then calculated using mathematical calculations for the potential electrical energy they could generate. From laboratory tests, the calorific value, water content, ash content, and volatile matter content of natural adhesive briquettes were obtained at 5194.44 cal/g, 11.3%, 1.36%, and 40.8%, while synthetic adhesive briquettes respectively had values of 6369.46 cal/g, 4.33%, 2.74%, and 25.54%. From these results, synthetic adhesive briquettes had better calorific value, water content, and volatile matter content compared to natural adhesive briquettes. Apart from that, synthetic adhesive briquettes also had greater energy potential with an energy potential of 7,407 kWh/kg compared to briquettes with natural adhesives which only had a value of 6,041 kWh/kg. Thus it can be concluded that synthetic adhesive briquettes are better quality compared to natural adhesive briquettes because they can generate greater energy, and meet 3 of the 4 test parameters based on SNI while natural adhesive briquettes only meet 2 of the same 4 test parameters

Techno-economic evaluation of energy efficient briquetting system for rice straw and quality of briquettes

Techno-economic evaluation of energy efficient briquetting system for rice straw and quality of briquettes

Green approach to ironmaking: Briquetting and hydrogen reduction of mill scale using novel binders

The transition to sustainable and low-carbon ironmaking processes has necessitated innovative solutions. The most prominent solutions are the establishment of a circular economy by recirculating the iron-rich residues from steelworks and the adoption of hydrogen as a clean reducing agent to mitigate fossil CO2 emission. One such residue is mill scale, which is generated during steelmaking, casting, and rolling processes. However, the fine particles and easy reoxidation of the mill scale make it difficult to be used directly in iron and steel production without proper compaction. This paper aims to demonstrate the feasibility of mill scale briquetting using organic binders to meet the requirements of hydrogen-based direct reduction. The study will investigate the influence of binder type, binder dosage, moisture content, and compaction pressure on the briquetting process and the briquettes quality. Moreover, the reducibility of optimized briquettes will be examined by hydrogen at 900 °C using a thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with a quadrupole mass spectroscopy (TGA-QMS). The optimal combination for achieving the best mechanical strength and reducibility was a briquette produced with 1% Alcotac® CB6, 1% KemPel, and 2.5% moisture content, compressed at a pressure of 125 kN.

Assessment of Combustion Properties of Briquettes Produced from Three Different Biomasses Sourced from Tarkwa, Ghana

Climate change and population growth has necessitated the need for sustainable fuel/energy sources. This study aimed to produce alternative fuel sources from waste biomasses (coconut husk, wood sawdust and waste charcoal residue). Particularly, the influence of agro-waste type on resulting briquette combustion properties (volatile matter, calorific value, fixed carbon and ash content) was examined. Charring was achieved using local reactor whilst cassava starch was used as a binder. Briquettes of sizes ranging between ~ 40 - 60 mm with varying residual moisture contents (8 – 12%) were produced. For thermal characteristics, the results showed that the briquettes from coconut husk yielded highest volatile matter content (36%) followed by fine charcoal particles’ (33%) and sawdust briquettes (3%). The Ash contents for the briquettes from coconut husk, charcoal and sawdust were 2%, 21% and 31%, respectively. For the fixed carbon contents, briquettes from coconut husk had 34% whilst charcoal and sawdust ones had 46% and 96%, respectively. The calorific values of the briquettes from coconut husk, charcoal and sawdust were 3531, 4047 and 5085 kcal/kg, respectively. Generally, the results showed that briquettes produced from sawdust had superior combustion characteristics than those from coconut husk and charcoal. Overall, the work has demonstrated the possibility of producing quality briquettes which could serve as alternative sustainable fuel/energy for various households who are dependent on unstainable fuels such as charcoal produced from trees. Moreover, the outcome can also serve as a key alternative method for managing abundant agro-waste in various communities, especially in the developing countries.

Perbaikan Kuliatas Arang Briket Menggunakan Metode Six Sigma Dan Triz

CV Harico is a manufacturing company that produces briquetted charcoal final products. In this research, the company had problems with the quality of charcoal briquettes which did not meet standards, amounting to 12% of the production process, including slanted shapes, holes and cracks. In this research, problem solving is done by combining the Six Sigma and TRIZ methods to get suggestions for improvement. The Six Sigma method is an organized and systematic method, Six Sgma has 5 stages, which can be known as the DMAIC phase. Based on the calculation of the DPMO value and the calculation of the sigma value at the measurement stage, the average DPMO value for October 2023-November 2023 was 27219 with a sigma value of 3.43. Based on the identification results using the Fishbone Diagram method and the FMEA method, the largest defects were found in the slanted shape of the charcoal briquettes, these results were obtained from the factor with the highest RPN value that caused defects. Proposed improvements based on the TRIZ method analysis include providing training, carrying out periodic actions, making maintenance schedules, evaluating work processes, changing tools to reduce the occurrence of defects. The aim of this research is to analyze the problems that occur as well as efforts to control quality and reduce product defects in briquetted charcoal products.

Prediction of Briquette Deformation Energy via Ensemble Learning Algorithms Using Physico-Mechanical Parameters

Briquetting is a compaction technology that has been used for many years to produce raw materials that are uniform in size and moisture content and are easy to process, transport and store. The physical and chemical properties of the raw material and the briquetting conditions also affect the density and strength of the briquettes. Nonetheless, assessing the quality of briquettes is challenging and extremely expensive, and necessitates lengthy laboratory investigations. In this study, a fast, cost-effective, and simple method using machine learning was used to evaluate the quality characteristics of briquette samples. The deformation energy, one of the most important briquette quality parameters, was predicted by machine learning methods, considering specific compression force, moisture content, compression resistance, briquette density, tumbler index, water resistance, shatter index and compression stress. For this purpose, Random Forest, Extreme Gradient Boosting, and CatBoost methods, which are among the ensemble learning methods, were used. The RMSE, MAE, MAPE, and R2 metrics were used to evaluate the models. With respect to the training data, the model created using the Extreme Gradient Boosting method was successful on all the metrics. However, for test data, the best RMSE (15.69), MAPE (0.0146), and R2 (0.9715) were obtained from the model established with the CatBoost method. The best MAE (10.63) was obtained from the model established with the Random Forest method. The metric results and the graphs obtained from the prediction values of the models revealed that machine learning methods were successfully able to predict briquette deformation energy.

Production of Composite Briquette Fuel from Brewery Wastewater Sludge and Spent Grains.

Biomass waste energy recovery is a significant method for recycling energy from waste and capturing it for use in renewable energy sources. The abundance of brewing byproducts, such as brewery spent grain (BSG) and brewery wastewater sludge (BWWS), as well as their high carbon concentrations gives these wastes energy potential. With 20% molasses utilized as a binding agent to maximize the high caloric value of the briquette, this study sought to examine the quality of mixed briquettes made from BSG and BWWS. In order to make composite briquettes with a maximum caloric content of 19.94 MJ/kg, the ideal conditions were chosen, which included a temperature of 350°C, a production period of 60 min, and a 75% BSG mixing ratio. It can be compared to sawdust briquettes, which have a calorific value of 22.88 MJ/kg, by looking at the calorific value of densified with pressure 100 bar for mixed carbonized briquettes vs mixed noncarbonized briquettes (21.13 MJ/kg). The value of R 2 was 0.9607 and indicated that 96.07% of the total validation in the calorific value correlation between experimental and predicted values. The finding of the study showed that the efficiency of the quadratic model in fitting the data would be higher under the conditions of the experiment. Based on ISO 17225-6 fuel quality classes and specifications for graded nonwoody pellets, the study concluded that using BSG and BWWS as alternative energy sources meets those requirements.

Kualitas Briket Arang Serbuk Limbah Bangkirai, Rengas dan Agathis

Central Kalimantan has many types of wood such as Rengas (gluta sp), Bangkirai (shorea laevifolia endert), and Agathis (agathis spp). The third type of woods are found in the company of furniture as a result of waste in powder form so that it can be utilized for the manufacture of charcoal briquettes. The purpose of the research is to find out the characteristics of charcoal briquettes from wood waste Rengas, Bangkirai, and Agathis which refers to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 01-6235-2000). The treatment of this research done on Bangkirai wood, Rengas, and Agathis which have different density with 5 replications so that the samples obtained 15 pieces. Data analysis was conducted to determine the effect of the treatment on the character of the studied and if it has significant effect then it is analyzed test difference average middle value that is specified by Coefficient Value of Diversity. Charcoal briquettes testing generally meets Indonesian National Standard (01-6235-2000) on charcoal briquettes except for volatile substances. The research data finding from these three types of wood which examined showed that the type of Bangkirai wood powder has the best charcoal briquette quality because of lower water content is at 5.05%, the higher density is 0.72 g/cm3, the ash content is 1.9% , carbon bound is 63.30%, volatile substance content is 29.75%, press firmness is 41.67kg/cm2, and calorific value is 6958.94 kal/g

Evaluating the Quality and Added Value of Durian Peel Briquettes Using Tar Waste as Adhesive

Durian peel has a cellulose content that reaches 64.51%. The high cellulose value in durian peel has the potential to be an energy source for making bio-briquettes. Charcoal biobriquettes require adhesive to hold the charcoal powder together, affecting the calorific value. In this research, the adhesive used was tapioca flour and tar. To measure the quality of durian peel briquettes, the water content, ash content, calorific value, and added value of the product were tested. The research showed that durian peel briquettes treated with variations in tapioca flour and tar adhesive (3:1) had good quality. This can be seen from the water content of 9.41% and the ash content of 13.6%; these values ​​are still by the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation No. 47 of 2006. The calorific value of the briquette product is 9694.53 cal/g and entered into SNI standards. Calculation or analysis of product-added value is calculated using the Hayami method. IDR is the added value from the one-time processing of durian peel bio briquette production with 30 kg of raw materials. IDR. 7000/kg. Based on the added value ratio when connected to Hubeis theory, the added value of this biobriquette product is in the high category (>40%).

EFEK PEREKAT GETAH DAMAR TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK PERPINDAHAN PANAS DALAM PROSES PEMBAKARAN BRIKET SARANG LEBAH AMPAS SAGU

This research aims to evaluate the ignition quality of briquettes made from sago waste and coconut shells and determine the heat transfer rate in the combustion process of briquettes using damar resin as a binder through conduction and convection. The research method employed laboratory experiments, utilizing two testing models: honeycomb briquettes with 14 holes made from sago waste, coconut shells with damar resin as a binder, and a similar honeycomb briquette model using tapioca flour as a comparative adhesive. The tools used included an infrared thermometer, a moisture meter for measuring water content, an anemometer for measuring air velocity, a stopwatch, a scale, and a briquette stove.
 The research findings indicate that honeycomb briquettes with 14 holes made from sago waste and coconut shells with damar resin as a binder exhibit faster combustion with a content level of approximately 10-12%. The conduction heat transfer in these briquettes is approximately 26,376 watts/m2, while the convective heat transfer reaches 40,801 watts. In comparison, the testing with tapioca flour as a binder shows a conduction value of 42,206 watts/m2 and convection of 43,208 watts. From these research results, briquettes made from sago waste and coconut shells with damar resin as a binder can be an effective alternative to replace kerosene fuel. The high combustion speed and efficient heat transfer make these briquettes attractive for alternative energy use

Quality of Charcoal Briquettes from Sawdust Waste of Ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri) and Coconut Shell (Cocos nucifera) Based on Variations in Ratio and Particle Size

The industrial revolution and the improvement in living standards of developing countries have caused serious environmental problems. Energy consumption has been steadily increasing over the years due to the increasing world population. Alternative energy is energy that does not come from fossil fuels. Charcoal briquettes are an alternative fuel made mostly from biomass. Charcoal briquettes, a mixture of sawdust waste of ulin and coconut shells, are alternative energy substitutes for fossil fuels. This study aims to determine the benefits of ulin and coconut shell as renewable energy such as charcoal briquettes, as well as determine the effect of variations in the ratio and particle size of ulin charcoal and coconut shell charcoal on the quality of charcoal briquettes. The research method uses a Factorial Experiment Design with 3 repetitions for testing moisture content, volatile substance levels, ash content, and fixed carbon levels. As for testing the calorific value, 2 repetitions were carried out. The results showed charcoal briquettes with optimal results were found in A1B5 treatment (particle size 40 mesh with a ratio of 100% coconut shell particle) with a moisture content value of 5.27%, ash content of 1.37%, and a calorific value of 6998.19 cal/g. The content, ash content, and calorific value produced from the briquettes have met SNI No. 01-6235-2000 standards.

Peningkatan Kualitas Biobriket dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Melalui Torefaksi dengan Penambahan Co-Firing dari Tempurung Kelapa dan Sludge CPO sebagai Perekat

Indonesia is one of the world's leading producers of crude palm oil. This large production, however, creates a huge quantity of waste, one of which is empty palm fruit bunches. These empty fruit bunches have a high potential for use as a renewable energy source, such as in the creation of briquettes employing the torrefaction process with co-firing addition, with the goal of increasing their heating content. Furthermore, the goal of this research is to determine the best composition of co-firing with variation adhesive addition for increasing heating value and to compare the heating value, ash content, and volatile matter content of various compositions of co-firing. The study began with the preparation of raw material samples of empty palm fruit bunches and coconut shells. Torrefaction at 300°C for one hour is utilized. The torrefaction results are produced into briquettes with a variety of compositions of empty palm fruit bunches and coconut shells. CPO sludge is also used as an adhesive with concentrations of 20% and 30%. The briquettes produced with an addition co-firing from coconut shells fulfilled SNI requirements such as heating value, moisture content, volatile matter, and ash content. The best briquette quality is composed of 40% empty palm fruit bunches and 40% coconut shell, with a heating value of 6241.26 cal/g, 3.15% moisture, 5.8% ash, and 9.9% volatile matter.

Potential Renewable Energy Source from Nutmeg-Coconut Shell Waste in North Maluku, Indonesia

In 2019, North Maluku exported 54,470,489 kg of copra and 2,712,999 kg of nutmeg. The large export value of these two commodities shows that not a small amount of organic waste is produced per year. The high market demand for these two superior commodities will have an impact on the high production of waste generated. Nutmeg shells and coconut shells are dry organic waste. Although organic waste can decompose naturally, both wastes will take a long time to decompose compared to wet organic waste. Waste that is not handled properly will have a worse impact in the future. On the other hand, these wastes have excellent potential if utilized as a renewable energy source. In this study, briquettes were made from nutmeg shell charcoal (NSC) and coconut shell charcoal (CSC) as basic materials, while the adhesive used a 4 % starch solution. This study aims to obtain the optimum ratio of nutmeg shell and coconut shell mixture as raw material for briquettes. The ratio of AP:AK in the briquettes is as follows: Formula B1 (3:1); Formula B2 (1:1); and Formula B3 (1:3). The briquettes were evaluated with reference to SNI 01-6235-2000. The results of the briquette evaluation are as follows: Formula B1 (water content 7.21 %; volatile matter 36.28 %; ash content 7.50 %; calories 6219.07 cal/g); Formula B2 (water content 7.18 %; volatile matter 32.39 %; ash content 6.52 %; calories 6485.14 cal/g); and Formula B3 (water content 6.93 %; volatile matter 29.41 %; ash content 7.06 %; calories 6813.80 cal/g). Based on the briquette evaluation results, Formula B3 is the best quality briquette.