Quality Of Human Capital Research Articles

Human Capital and Economic Growth

This report thoroughly reviews existing literature in the field of human capital. A rationale has been presented along with seven questions the reviewed literature aims to answer by analytically comprehending an extensive range of relevant research papers and articles categorised into multiple sections followed by the summary and research gap. Since all existing work presents a strong argument in favour of the importance of maximizing the potential of human capital through various forms of investment, this paper seeks to understand whether there is a direct relationship shared by the economic growth and the quality of human capital in the economy. A multiple regression model has been deployed for this purpose and has been applied to data collected from World Bank.

Academic Mobility as a Strategic Vector of Quality Training of Future Specialists in the Era of Globalisation and Development of Educational Innovations

The article reveals the essence and analyses the conceptual foundations of academic mobility through the prism of its impact on the quality of educational services in modern universities. The close connection between academic mobility, globalisation processes and the rapid development of educational innovations aimed at integrating national higher education systems into a unified European educational area and the global knowledge society is emphasised. It stresses that academic mobility is one of the most important features of the modern education system and an effective tool for improving the quality of human capital. Based on analysis of academic literature and legal documents, the essence of the terms «mobility» and «academic mobility» is presented and the types and forms of academic mobility are defined. It is noted that one of the indicators of successful development of the global market of educational services is international academic mobility, participation in which contributes not only to improving the quality and competitiveness of the national higher education system in the global market of educational services, but also to improving mutual understanding between peoples and cultures, optimising educational intercultural communication, creating conditions for professional and personal self-realisation, formation of highly qualified specialists capable of acting effectively in a dynamic world. The article describes international academic exchange programmes aimed at supporting research and innovation in the field of education and science.

The Economics of Education: A Panel Data Analysis of the Impact of Gendered Human Capital on Output Growth in India

Using panel regressions, this article investigates to what extent a reduction in gender inequality in education may increase growth of output at sub-national level in India. The article finds a considerable impact of gender inequality on economic growth which is robust. Point estimates suggest that 0.58% of the growth rate is accounted for by a better gender ratio in education attainment. Given the assumption that the distribution of innate abilities among males and females is equal, it is observed that under-addressed issue of gender equity has resulted in educational inequality and further to the adverse selection of a less efficient pool of labour having a negative impact on economic growth through lowering the average quality of human capital. Gender equality is an outcome-based achievement depending upon the successful accessibility of opportunities by females thereby the issue of gender equity becomes the precondition for gender equality.

Has the Digital Economy Enhanced the Income Distribution Effect Among Industries? Evidence from China

A powerful correlation exists among the advancement of the economy of digital, sustainable economic advancement, and income distribution. The advancement of the digital economy provides a significant motivating factor for sustainable economic development, while sustainable economic development provides a strong guarantee for income distribution, and the improvement of income distribution is also conducive to sustainable economic development. What is the connection between the digital economy and income distribution? This is the focus of this paper and also an important way to clarify the association between the advancement of the digital economy, sustainable economic development, and income distribution. This paper aims to explore whether the advancement of the digital economy has enhanced the effect of income distribution among industries and examine the role of production efficiency and human capital. Through the use of the multidimensional fixed-effect model, this study finds that the development of the digital economy is favorable to enhancing the income distribution effect among industries, and this income distribution enhancement effect is more prominent in large-scale non-state-owned enterprises. In addition, we also find that digital transformation can dramatically improve the total factor productivity of enterprises, thus enhancing the income distribution impact among industries. The promotion of digital transformation can also improve the quality of human capital in enterprises, strengthen the income distribution impact between industries, and reduce the income disparity among industries. The industry income gap measurement method and the industry perspective of income distribution adopted in this paper contribute to the existing literature and will contribute to the development of income distribution equity in the era of the digital economy and also provide a new vision for sustainable economic development from the perspective of income distribution.

In the Technological Age: The Internet and the Performance of Micro-Enterprises in Togo

Micro-enterprises (MEs) are important players in job creation and global economic development. However, in developing countries, most fail to realise their growth potential due to challenges that include informality and a lack of quality human capital. The internet, by increasing information flows and reducing transaction costs, can help MEs to develop. This study assesses the effect of the internet on MEs’ performance in the service sector in Togo, using a large sample of 23,542 observations from the latest General Census of Businesses (RGE, 2017–2018), and exposes related channels and mechanisms. We find that MEs that adopt and use the internet are more productive than those that do not. This result remains robust to different regression methods such as instrumental variables and treatment-effects estimations. Complementary analyses show the positive effect of internet channels through applications such as e-mail, websites and e-business. We also find evidence that MEs with a Fixed internet connection perform better than those with a Mobile internet connection. Our investigations also yield interesting results regarding Togolese regions, service sub-sectors, managers’ characteristics and MEs’ status. This article thus highlights the need to promote digital development to enhance MEs’ performance in Togo.

Improvements in Member Performance Under Transformational Leadership and Through Quality Human Capital in the Indonesian Air Force

Improvements in Member Performance Under Transformational Leadership and Through Quality Human Capital in the Indonesian Air Force

Economic Assessment of the Quality of Human Capital

Economic Assessment of the Quality of Human Capital

Multicriteria Analysis of Innovation Ecosystems and the Impact of Human Capital and Investments on Brazilian Industries

Innovation is one of the main factors associated with industrial growth, as it contributes to increased productivity, sustainability, and international competitiveness. There is a certain degree of complexity in measuring innovation, since there are various metrics for this purpose, and each sector of the economy handles it differently. In Brazil, the Industrial Survey of Technological Innovation (PINTEC) was developed to construct sectorial indicators on innovation activities. Based on these data, this paper investigates how ten sectors of the economy performed during two historical series (2011 to 2014 and 2014 to 2017) considering five criteria linked to the innovation process and the impact of qualified human capital. The problem is analyzed in light of multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA), using preference ranking organization methods for enrichment evaluation (PROMETHEE II) to provide a ranking of Brazilian industrial sectors. The results show how the sectors have changed over the years, highlighting that innovation expenditure proved crucial in measuring companies’ commitment to innovation, but also show that a highly qualified workforce emerged as a leading factor. Furthermore, the research presents which criteria have contributed positively and negatively to each sector, which can serve as drivers for policy formulation to strengthen the Brazilian industry.

Productivity drivers and pro-productivity policies: G20 economies, India and South Korea

In this article we look at productivity trends, drivers of productivity growth and pro-productivity policies across the G20 economies since 1970. We distinguish between three sub-groups of G20 economies: a “leading but slowing” group of the most developed economies, a “lagging but growing” group of economies that have shown rapid growth and a “muddling through” group of economies with no sustained improvement in productivity performance. We find distinctly different dynamics between the sub-groups regarding the contributions of capital deepening and total factor productivity (TFP) to labour productivity growth. The slowdown in labour productivity growth since the 2010s has been underpinned by lower TFP growth. India is the only G20 economy which has experienced a significant improvement in TFP growth over the past few decades. We develop a typology distinguishing five domains of pro-productivity policies (accumulation of the factors of production, markets and resource allocation, technological and structural change, internationalisation, and foundational policies) and explore how these have been applied across countries and over time. We also provide a more detailed analysis of productivity and related policies for two G20 countries: India and South Korea. We argue that a revival of productivity growth in the G20 requires a greater focus on policies which balance technological progress with knowledge diffusion; more investment in intangibles and public assets; and improvements in the quality of human capital.

The Impact of Human Capital on Energy Consumption in Vietnam

The paper studied the impact of human capital on energy consumption in Vietnam using the ARDL model during the period from 1986 to 2019. The results showed that there exists a long-term positive relationship between human capital and aggregate energy consumption, fossil energy consumption, average renewable energy consumption. Besides, the study also revealed the impact of economic growth on fossil energy consumption in the short term. These findings helped proposing a number of recommendations for the government such as improving the quality of human capital, using more renewable energy and the need to fund research and development.

ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНЫЙ СТРЕСС В УСЛОВИЯХ ГЛОБАЛЬНЫХ ИЗМЕНЕНИЙ

In the modern world, the HR brand occupies a key place in the company’s personnel strategy. Demonstrating its values and mission allows a company to attract only those employees with whom the company has similar views. At the same time, the development of internal HR branding increases the loyalty of personnel, which in the future also allows increasing brand awareness among job seekers. The formation of an HR brand directly depends on the events and tools that the company chooses for itself. The significance of the study is due to the fact that in the modern world, the competitiveness of an organization is determined not only by the quantity and quality of products produced, but also by the quality of human capital that needs to be attracted and retained. The formation of an HR brand contributes to solving organizational problems in two vectors: implementing the HR management process within the organization; attracting potential personnel using the attractiveness of the company’s HR brand. HR branding is a set of activities that are organized and implemented by the company’s HR/PR departments. Their main goal for fulfilling organizational tasks is to increase the company’s recognition in the market, attractiveness to potential future employees, and increase the company’s support from existing personnel. External HR branding is manifested in organizational activities aimed at increasing the attractiveness of potential personnel and hiring candidates who meet the requirements. Intra-organizational HR branding is aimed at developing loyalty, support, involvement and commitment of staff to the interests and mission of the organization. The company’s HR brand, as an important component of its effective development, is part of the organization’s mission, serves to achieve its goals in a competitive market.

Can the improvements in human capital quality mitigate the negative impact of ageing on growth? Evidence from selected EU countries

AbstractMost long‐term GDP projections in developed countries expect a substantial decline in GDP growth rates over time. The main factor behind it is demographic changes, especially the decreasing working‐age population. We argue that these projections do not consider improvements in the quality of the human capital, which may, at least to some extent, mitigate the effects of the negative demographic shock. We start with a simple observation—the skills of younger age cohorts are higher than of older cohorts. Assuming that the current level of skills will be obtained also by the generations which will enter the labour market in the future, the average level of skills among the working‐age population will increase. Trying to catch this effect, we use the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies standardised test results to create an aggregate human capital measure, the average skill level of the work force, for 18 European Union countries and project it until 2040. We show that on average at least one sixth of the negative impact of the shrinking of the working‐age population can be offset by the increase in the quality of human capital and that this number can increase to three quarters in a less conservative scenario.

Human capital quality and cash holdings

In this paper, we examine whether human capital quality affects firms’ cash holdings. Using a sample of U.S. firms from 1980 to 2022, we find that a one standard deviation increase in human capital quality is associated with an increase of 0.053 in the cash-to-total assets ratio. We also explore two channels—skilled labour risk and agency costs—through which human capital quality affects cash holdings. Further, using the hiring of a chief diversity officer as a proxy for a diverse and inclusive workforce, we find that firms that hire chief diversity officers have higher cash holdings.

Does firm-level teamwork culture affect cash holdings?

PurposePrior literature on the cultural determinants of cash holdings focuses on time-invariant cultural variables measured at the geographical level. These measures of culture do not capture the firm-level variation in corporate culture. Using a validated time-variant measure of firm-level corporate culture, specifically teamwork, we examine the effect of teamwork on a firm's cash holdings.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, we explore the effect of corporate teamwork culture on firms' cash holdings. Using sudden CEO turnover as an exogenous shock to a firm's teamwork culture, we find teamwork increases cash holdings. Also, we test and find two channels—financial constraint and agency—and two new labour-related channels—human capital quality and labour inefficiency—through which teamwork culture affects cash holdings. Our results are robust to endogeneity tests.FindingsWe find that teamwork increases the cash holdings of firms. We find that a firm with a high teamwork culture has higher cash holdings: an increase of one standard deviation in teamwork leads to a 14.6% rise in the mean cash holdings.Originality/valueTo our knowledge, our study is the first to introduce the firm-level teamwork cultural construct as a determinant of cash holdings.

Can supervisors dwindle turnover in virtual teams?

Purpose Virtual teams allow companies to recruit the best talents, regardless of their geographic location, which is particularly relevant in the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) sector given the high shortage of qualified human capital. However, the space and time flexibility of these professionals also present other challenges to Human Resource Management, such as work engagement and employee retention. This study aims to assess the extent to which supervisor support can influence work engagement and turnover intention in virtual teams. Design/methodology/approach We use a sample of 420 ICT Portuguese professionals who work in virtual teams to test a conceptual model with partial least squares (PLS). Findings The study results show that supervisor support decreases employee's intention to leave their job. We also found that work engagement mediates the relationship between supervisor support and work engagement. Results show that older employees present higher levels of work engagement and employees with longer tenure perceive less supervisor support. Originality/value This study contributes to elucidate the role played by supervisors in influencing employee engagement and retention in virtual work environments.

A predictive model to assess the impact of human capital on the development of venture business in Russia

Subject. The article examines the impact of human capital on the development of venture business in Russia. Objectives. The study aims at modeling and evaluating the impact of improving the quality of human capital on the development of venture business through the volume of venture project outputs, and determining the dependence of the volume of venture project outputs on the volume of investments. Methods. We employed methods of regression analysis and econometric modeling, using MS Excel and Eviews10 tools, materials of the Rosstat, World Bank, Dsight, Human Development Report, Russian Venture Capital Association for 2007–2021. Results. We constructed linear and exponential models for assessing the impact of improving the quality of human capital on the development of venture business. The obtained models can be used for short-term forecasting and assessing the impact of improving the quality of human capital on the development of venture business. The paper proved that the exponential model gives a more accurate forecast. Conclusions. The development of venture business can become a breakthrough direction in the knowledge-intensive sector of the economy.

The digital economy and entrepreneurial dynamics: An empirical analysis of urban regions in China

The economic landscape in China has evolved to what is termed a “new normal”, marked by a strategic focus on the digital economy as a lever for regional entrepreneurship. This change is considered essential for fostering shared wealth and elevating the standard of economic progress, aimed at tackling inequality and advancing inclusive finance. This article undertakes an empirical analysis of the relationship between the digital economy and entrepreneurial activities, utilising panel data from 284 prefecture-level cities in China from 2011 to 2021. The findings highlight the significant influence of the digital economy in stimulating entrepreneurial activity. In particular, the digital economy is found to boost urban entrepreneurial endeavours by improving the quality of urban human capital. Further investigation reveals a varied impact of the digital economy on urban entrepreneurial activity, with the eastern region exhibiting a more marked effect in facilitating urban entrepreneurship.

The effects of types of banks on financial access and income inequality in a heterogeneous sample: A quantile regression analysis

Over time, a substantial amount of theoretical and empirical economic literature has been devoted to examining the relationship between financial access (a relevant component of financial development) and the distribution of income, with mixed findings. We propose a quantile regression approach to study the importance of financial access on income inequality and the effects of cooperative and commercial banking in shaping the relationship. We use data from 57 developed and developing countries from 2004 to 2019. Financial access has been demonstrated to lessen income inequality and the reduction is greater as income inequality increases. When commercial banks are considered instead of their counterparty, the magnitude of the reduction is greater. On the other hand, cooperative banks and credit unions appear to decrease income inequality in low-income countries as they strive for inclusive financial access. This study might provide new insights for policy makers, as they should facilitate access to capital for the most disadvantaged. This would lead to both a greater development of entrepreneurial skills and a better quality of human capital, as they could acquire a higher level of education.

Assessing the impact of sports infrastructure on human capital development

Subject. This article discusses the development of physical culture and sports infrastructure in different regions of the world. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the impact of the infrastructure of physical education and sports on the development of human capital. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of comparative, correlation and regression analyses, and generalization. Results. The article finds that there are great opportunities for the development of human capital in regions with developed sports infrastructure. Conclusions. There are sports facilities created for holding major international events in Russia. Various options for their use can contribute to the development of mass sports and physical education, which cannot but affect the improvement of the quality of human capital of individual organizations, regions, and the country as a whole.

Identify successful performance of urban creativity indicators dimensions between 22 regions of Tehran Metropolitan: a comparative study

Creative cities are known as places for innovation and the growth of creativity, and in fact, the creative city is a favourable environment for training human creativity and attracting the creative class, providing an appropriate foundation for educating its residents' creativity. The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which Tehran's neighbourhoods have the characteristics of a creative city. The descriptive-analytical research method was used for this purpose. Documents are used to collect data in four dimensions: quality of life, human capital, social capital, and innovation. The statistical population of the study was the 22 districts of Tehran, and the research indicators included 28 indicators of the creative city in the form of 7 general dimensions. The data analysis method used was quantitative–qualitative. Using the multi-indicator ELECTRE-II method for ranking areas based on creative city indicators, districts 1 and 6 in Tehran are ranked first, and districts 17, 16, 10, and 9 are ranked last in terms of creativity. Finally, Tehran has the potential to become a creative city, but this requires the removal of existing flaws and obstacles, as well as well-codified and legal planning.