Deciphering the mechanisms underlying regional heterogeneity of high-temperature Daqu through integrated electronic sensory, volatilome, and microbiome analysis.

A novel type of rice called Baromi-2 offers big advantages over wet-milled rice flour in cost, processing time, and environmental protection. This study assessed the impact of different dietary fibers on the quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of gluten-free bread made from Baromi-2 rice flour (BRF). Bread formulations were prepared using inulin, psyllium husk, and carob seed germ flour at substitution levels of 5% and 10% (w/w) based on Baromi-2 rice flour, labeled as I5/I10, P5/P10, and C5/C10, respectively. A control formulation without fiber addition was included for comparison. All breads were produced using the straight dough method, comprising kneading, resting, and proofing steps. Results showed that psyllium husk and carob seed germ flour significantly reduced bread volume, creating denser textures, while inulin led to a softer bread with greater baking loss, likely due to its higher gelatinization temperature. Structural analysis revealed that inulin-enriched bread (I5, I10) had more porous structures, enhancing mechanical strength, whereas psyllium and carob seed flour bread (P5, P10, C5, and C10) had compact structures associated with higher hardness and chewiness. Antioxidant activity increased with fiber concentration, peaking in the C10 formulation (63.33% and 45.12%). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed strong associations between fiber types and quality traits, particularly specific volume and baking loss. Inulin proved most effective for improving texture, highlighting its potential for enhancing gluten-free bread quality. These findings emphasize the essential role of fiber type and concentration in influencing textural, structural, and antioxidant properties in gluten-free bread formulations.

Synergistic regulation of microbial metabolism and quality features in liver products using combined ultrasound-pulsed electric field assisted co-fermentation.

Quality assurance of LLM-generated code: Addressing non-functional quality characteristics

Application of cold plasma on fresh cut carrots for the inactivation of Arcobacter spp., an emerging food-borne zoonotic pathogen.

Effect of magnetic field-assisted curing on NaCl diffusion, protein structure, and quality attributes of beef.

Unraveling the underlying mechanism: how processing methods alter muscle protein structure and in vitro digestibility of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei).

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reporting quality and exercise characteristics of exercise-based rehabilitation programs for athletes with long-standing groin pain. DESIGN: Scoping review. LITERATURE SEARCH: We searched the Scopus, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases in March 2025. STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA: We included original research studies on exercise-based rehabilitation programs for athletes (≥18 years) with long-standing groin pain. DATA SYNTHESIS: Reporting quality was evaluated according to Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT) (score range of 0-19) and Fundamental Resistance Exercise Descriptors (FRED) (score range of 0-13) recommendations. Intervention content was extracted. RESULTS: Twenty-two reports were included. Four reports used the same rehabilitation protocol and were considered as 1 study. According to the CERT, 3 studies had moderate and 16 studies had low reporting quality. The mean CERT score was 7.7 (SD, ±4.3; range, 1-14), and the mean FRED score was 3.7 (SD, ±1.8; range, 0-7). The CERT items reported by most studies were whether exercises were generic or tailored (89%), the setting (68%), and whether there were nonexercise components (68%). The FRED items reported by most studies were the repetition and set number (73%), the session number per day/week (73%), and the program duration (63%). CONCLUSION: The quality of reporting in the rehabilitation of long-standing groin pain was generally poor and should be improved to help with replication in future research and clinical practice. Most protocols included exercises targeting the injured and uninjured structures, tending toward a more general exercise prescription for rehabilitation of long-standing groin pain in athletes. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2026;56(7):427-447. Epub 19 May 2026. doi:10.2519/jospt.2026.13708.

This study investigates the effects of various meat sources, including beef, pork, lamb, and chicken, on the quality and digestion characteristics of meat noodles with a meat content of 50% and compares them with traditional meat-free noodles made from semolina flour. Results indicated that the addition of meat significantly reduced the dough's elasticity (p < 0.05) and affected some of the cooking properties to varying degrees, except in chicken noodles. Among the samples, chicken noodles exhibited better cooking quality than others, with a cooking loss of 2.1%, a broken strip rate of 6.7%, and a water absorption rate of 30.0%. Conversely, the incorporation of other meat sources adversely affected cooking performance. In vitro digestion assessments revealed that all meat noodles exhibited lower digestion rates compared with wheat flour noodles, which is important for increasing satiety in modern diets. Notably, chicken noodles had a larger average particle size of digested chyme and exhibited slower release of free reducing sugars and free amino acids, likely due to the higher myofibrillar protein content and myosin proportion, which may facilitate the formation of a denser composite structure with glutenin in semolina flour. The myosin provided a more unfolding nature, which may enhance hydrophobic interactions and disulfide bonds with glutenin, thereby contributing to the superior performance. The deeper insights into how the meat source affects the digestive and physical properties of meat doughs and noodles are promising for the design and development of meat-incorporated foods.

Delineating key determinants of health-related quality of life (HrQoL) in patients with disorders of the gut-brain-interaction (DGBI) remains challenging due to complex interplay of socioeconomic, psychological, and clinical factors. This exploratory comparative study aimed to identify factors and latent patient-profiles associated with generic and condition-specific HrQoL across different DGBI. Data from 4 clinical patient-cohorts were analyzed, including patients with functional dyspepsia ([FD]; n = 73), fecal incontinence ([FI]; n = 72), and irritable bowel syndrome ([IBS]; n = 419; 2 cohorts). Participants completed questionnaires on gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, psychological factors, generic HrQoL (EQ-5D-5L), and condition-specific HrQoL. Finite mixture modeling identified latent clusters, and multivariate regression assessed factors associated with HrQoL outcomes. In patients with IBS and FD, higher depression scores and GI symptom severity were significantly associated with lower generic and condition-specific HrQoL (P < .001). In both FI and IBS cohorts, higher anxiety scores were associated with reduced HrQoL. Finite mixture modeling identified distinct latent clusters-2 in FD and FI cohorts, and 3 in IBS cohort-primarily defined by psychological comorbidity. Latent clusters with higher anxiety and depression scores showed markedly lower HrQoL outcomes. In contrast, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors appeared less relevant. There were no significant associations between GI symptom severity and HrQoL in FI. Psychological comorbidity appears the most salient factor associated with HrQoL, which was uniformly seen across different DGBI, whereas GI symptom severity was only associated with HrQoL in patients with FD and patients with IBS, but not in patients with FI. Although causality between psychological factors and HrQoL cannot be ascertained, our findings underscore the importance of holistic DGBI management that extends beyond symptom control to encompass the full spectrum of patient experience.

Improved Quality Characteristics of Kariesh Cheese: Impact of Optimal Manufacturing Processes and Technology

The main objective of this study was to investigate how ultra-fast CT scanning influences cardiac pulsation artefacts and image quality in low dose chest CT, clinically and in a non-moving 3D resolution phantom. 30 patients underwent two non-contrast chest CT examinations within 6months using one ultra-fast and one standard speed protocol. Three radiologists scored general image quality and motion artefacts (ascending aorta, superior aortic recess, left ventricle, lung tissue) using a 4-point Likert scale. Lung parenchyma, pulmonary fissures, segmental bronchi, pleuromediastinal border, carina and pulmonary vessels were compared between ultra-fast and standard speed scans. Volumetric resolution was measured with an image quality phantom containing a 3D resolution wave module to assess the non-motion resolution on both protocols. With ultra-fast scans 59-70% of the investigated areas in 30 patients were scored as having no artefacts versus 10-29% of the standard speed scans (p<0,001). General image quality was scored excellent or good in 94% of the cases with ultra-fast scans and in 59% of the cases with standard speed scans (p<0,001). Comparing anatomical structures, ultra-fast scans were considered equal or better than standard speed scans in 78%/90%/93%/92%/91%/74% of the examinations (lung parenchyma/pulmonary fissures/segmental bronchi/pleuromediastinal border/carina/pulmonary vessels). Phantom scans showed a slight reduction in volumetric resolution MTFxyz, and no change in in-plane resolution, MTFxy. In this study, ultra-fast scans reduce motion artefacts and increase image quality in low dose non-contrast chest CT when compared to standard speed scans, despite a possible slight degradation in resolution in non-moving objects.

ABSTRACT In industrial, healthcare, and business processes, numerous quality characteristics are matched pairs. These characteristics help to identify anomalies, trends, and patterns that enable better decisions and process optimization. In process monitoring, the control chart is an effective tool for detecting unusual changes in the process parameters. The cumulative sum (CUSUM) and Shewhart charts are considered efficient, respectively, for detecting small and large shifts in the understudy process. The CUSUM and combined Shewhart-CUSUM (CSC) schemes are developed in this study to monitor the location parameter of the differences of paired processes. For the assessment of the proposed CUSUM and CSC charts, the run-length metric is used, which is produced by developing an algorithm in the R language. The conditional and unconditional run length distributions of the proposals are evaluated. The performance of the proposed charts is compared with some well-known existing schemes, and the comparative study shows that the proposed schemes perform uniformly better than their existing counterparts. Moreover, the estimation effect is also evaluated on the performance of the proposed schemes. A practical application related to the continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) process, along with a hypothetical example of the proposed charts, is also provided to implement the proposed designs for the concerns of practitioners.

Objectives This study develops and applies a Delphi-informed environmental audit framework to examine spatial responsiveness in community-based day centers for older adults. Background Daytime socialization spaces play an important role in supporting mobility, orientation, and psychosocial well-being in later life. Although international frameworks such as WHO Age-Friendly Cities, Universal Design, and NICE provide environmental guidance, structured evaluation tools for non-clinical community settings remain limited. Methods A three-round Delphi process involving experts in architecture, interior design, and gerontology refined an 18-item checklist organized into three macro domains and five subdomains addressing accessibility, environmental quality, safety, and supportive spatial features. The framework was applied to eight municipally operated day centers in Turkey. Group comparisons were conducted using non-parametric statistical tests, and visual-comparative synthesis incorporated photographic documentation. Results Item-level differences were identified in selected safety-critical and perceptual dimensions, including flooring safety, color contrast, and handrail provision ( p &lt; 0.05). No significant differences were observed in total checklist scores, suggesting comparable baseline performance across facility types. Configurational analysis indicated greater spatial compactness and clearer entrance articulation in Type 1 centers, whereas more fragmented layouts in Type 2 centers may increase orientation demands. Conclusions Findings suggest that spatial responsiveness in community day centers extends beyond basic accessibility compliance to the coherent integration of sensory, safety-related, and circulation cues. Given the limited sample size and single-city context, results should be interpreted as exploratory. The Delphi-informed framework demonstrates practical applicability; however, broader multi-site validation and integration of user-reported outcomes are needed to strengthen generalizability.

Snakebite envenomation is a severe medical emergency and major global health threat. As short-video platforms increasingly shape public access to health information, accurate and reliable digital education is essential for snakebite prevention and first-aid decision-making. Although the quality of medical videos on short-video platforms has been examined for several diseases, little is known about the quality, reliability, and content characteristics of snakebite envenomation-related videos on major Chinese platforms. This study aimed to systematically assess the quality, reliability, and content characteristics of snakebite envenomation-related videos on TikTok (Douyin) and Bilibili, and to explore strategies for improving the quality of online health information. On February 17, 2026, we searched TikTok (Douyin) and Bilibili using the keywords "snakebite envenomation" and "snake envenoming". After videos with content irrelevant to the study keywords, commercial advertisements, duplicate videos, and videos uploaded within the preceding week were excluded according to predefined criteria, 220 eligible videos were included in the final analysis. For each video, we extracted duration, audience engagement metrics, uploader type, and other basic characteristics. Video quality was independently evaluated in a double-blind manner using the Global Quality Score (GQS), modified DISCERN (mDISCERN), and Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmarks. Group differences were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests, and correlations among variables were assessed using Spearman's rank correlation. Of the 300 initially screened videos, 220 were included in the final analysis, comprising 114(51.82%) videos from TikTok (Douyin) and 106(48.18%) from Bilibili. Most videos were presented in Mandarin Chinese. Etiology, clinical manifestations, treatment, and diagnosis were frequently covered, whereas epidemiology and prevention were less commonly addressed. Bilibili videos were significantly longer than TikTok (Douyin) videos 311.00 (150.75, 514.25) vs 101.00 (58.50, 171.00) seconds (P < 0.001), whereas TikTok (Douyin) videos had significantly more shares 59.00 (10.25, 717.75) vs 34.00 (3.00, 282.25) (P = 0.049). The overall median GQS, mDISCERN, and JAMA scores were 3.00 (3.00, 4.00), 3.00 (3.00, 3.00), and 1.00 (1.00, 2.00), respectively. No significant platform-based differences were observed in GQS or mDISCERN scores, but JAMA scores differed significantly between platforms (P = 0.020). Videos uploaded by healthcare professionals and nonprofit organizations had significantly higher GQS scores than those uploaded by individual users 4.00 (4.00, 5.00) and 4.00 (3.00, 4.00) vs 3.00 (2.00, 3.00), respectively; (P < 0.001), as well as higher JAMA scores both 2.00 (2.00, 2.00) vs 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) (P < 0.001). Engagement metrics were strongly interrelated (all P < 0.001), but showed limited associations with quality scores. GQS and JAMA correlated only with shares (P = 0.015 and P = 0.045, respectively), whereas mDISCERN was positively correlated with likes, collections, comments, and shares (P = 0.042, P = 0.025, P = 0.011, and P = 0.004, respectively). Snakebite envenomation-related videos on TikTok (Douyin) and Bilibili provided moderately useful health information, but showed important limitations in preventive content coverage and information transparency. Videos uploaded by healthcare professionals and nonprofit organizations were generally of higher quality and transparency than those uploaded by individual users, while audience engagement was not consistently aligned with content quality. These findings highlight the need for greater professional involvement, clearer source disclosure, and more standardized prevention- and first-aid-oriented content to improve the reliability and public health value of snakebite-related information on short-video platforms.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major global public health problem, with a high burden of long-term sequelae that extend beyond acute survival and physical recovery. Sleep disturbances are increasingly recognised as a common and clinically significant consequence of TBI, yet they remain under-recognised and inadequately addressed, particularly in low- and middle-income countries such as Vietnam. This study aimed to assess sleep quality and to identify factors associated with sleep disturbances among patients with TBI in Vietnam. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020 through phone interviews among 212 TBI patients in Vietnam. Data on demographics and socioeconomic status, health risk behavior, mental health issues, social support, and sleep quality were collected. Multivariate Tobit regression and Multivariate Logistic Regression models were used to determine factors related to the PSQI score and sleep disturbances among TBI patients. A total of 212 adults with TBI were enrolled (mean age 47.1 ± 17.6 years, and 67.5% were male), nearly half of the participants (47.2%) reported sleep disturbances. The majority experienced mild TBI (93.9%), and road traffic accidents were the leading cause of injury (65.6%). Individuals with sleep disturbances indicated a significantly higher prevalence of depressive symptoms compared with those without sleep disturbances (38.0% vs. 7.1%, p < 0.001). In addition, perceived social support was significantly lower among participants with sleep disturbances than normal sleep quality (p < 0.001). Multivariable regression analysis indicated that being female, hazardous drinking, and higher depressive symptom scores were associated with poorer sleep quality, whereas higher educational levels and stronger perceived social support were associated with better sleep outcomes. This is one of the first studies in Vietnam to examine sleep disturbances and their associated factors among patients with TBI. The findings indicate a high prevalence of sleep disturbances and highlight significant associations between sleep quality and sociodemographic characteristics, depressive symptoms, perceived social support, and health behaviors. This study underscores the importance of recognizing sleep disturbance as a key outcome in TBI care and highlights the need for integrated, multidisciplinary rehabilitation interventions that address sleep, mental health, and social functioning, with particular attention to vulnerable groups such as women, individuals with lower educational attainment, and those with substance use.

Tetanus is a severe but vaccine-preventable neurological disease that remains a public health concern, especially in resource-limited settings. As social media becomes an important source of health information, concerns persist regarding the quality and reliability of tetanus-related content online. This study aimed to evaluate the quality, reliability, and thematic characteristics of tetanus-related videos on YouTube and TikTok and to examine the relationship between engagement metrics and information quality. A cross-sectional study was conducted using tetanus-related videos retrieved from YouTube and TikTok on August 1, 2025. The top 100 eligible videos from each platform were included (n=200). Video quality was assessed using the Global Quality Scale, whereas reliability and transparency were evaluated using the modified DISCERN tool and the Journal of the American Medical Association benchmark criteria. A thematic content analysis based on predefined coding categories was also performed. Video characteristics, source types, and engagement metrics were also collected. Spearman correlation analysis was used to examine associations between engagement indicators and quality scores. YouTube videos showed significantly higher quality and reliability than TikTok videos, with higher median Global Quality Scale, modified DISCERN, and Journal of the American Medical Association scores (all P<.001). Compared with TikTok, YouTube videos more frequently discussed symptoms (92% vs 81%, P=.02), prevention (95% vs 78%, P<.001), treatment (88% vs 70%, P=.002), and wound management (77% vs 38%, P<.001). Lower-quality videos commonly contained incomplete prevention information, vague symptom descriptions, and limited source attribution. Videos produced by official medical organizations and professional health care creators generally achieved higher quality scores. Although engagement indicators were strongly correlated with each other, their associations with informational quality were relatively limited. YouTube provided more comprehensive and reliable tetanus-related information than TikTok, although content quality on both platforms remained inconsistent. Greater involvement from health care professionals and clearer evidence-based communication may help improve the quality of health information shared on social media platforms.

This study investigates the effects of cold atmospheric pressure plasma treatment on the bioactive composition, microbial stability, and physicochemical quality of grape juice. Samples were treated for 1-4 min, and changes in total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant capacity (DPPH and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity [CUPRAC] assays), pH, Brix, titratable acidity, and color parameters (L*, a*, b*) were measured. Microbial analyses, including total mesophilic aerobic bacteria (TMAB) and yeast-mold counts, were conducted both immediately after treatment and during 28 days of refrigerated storage at 4 °C. Plasma treatment reduced TPC from 221.0 to 156.0 mg GAE/L and CUPRAC antioxidant activity from 4.26 to 2.06 µmol TE/L after 4 min. After 28 days of refrigerated storage, yeast-mold counts reached 4.54 log CFU/mL in the control sample, whereas no detectable growth was observed in the sample treated with plasma for 4 min. The TMAB were not detected either before or after plasma treatment. Kinetic modeling revealed that first-order kinetics provided the best fit for TPC degradation and antioxidant capacity, while microbial inactivation also followed a predictable logarithmic decline over treatment time. A treatment duration of 2-3 min preserved over 70% of antioxidant activity and caused minimal changes in quality while effectively reducing yeast and mold growth (by 0.81-1.32 log compared to the control) during refrigerated storage. These results suggest that cold plasma shows promising potential as a nonthermal processing method for fruit juice, with the ability to enhance microbial safety and maintain quality parameters with limited nutrient loss.

This study investigated the combined effects of fenugreek sprout feeding and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) treatment on traditional soft goat cheese. Thirty-nine Hassani goats were divided into: control (C), F15 (15g fenugreek sprouts dry/head/day), and F30 (30g/head/day). Milk was processed with or without 0.5% β-CD. Fenugreek supplementation significantly enhanced milk production, F30 showing an approximately 60.6% increase in daily milk yield and improved fat and protein contents compared to C. In the cheese, F30 increased protein by 2.87%, while the addition of 0.5% β-CD (CF30) further increased protein by 5.0%, reduced cholesterol and triglycerides by 33.6 and 49.1%, respectively. Fenugreek supplementation improved the lipid profile, reducing total saturated fatty acids by 8.8% and increasing polyunsaturated fatty acids by 264.7% in F30. Textural analysis during storage showed hardness increasing by up to 343.8% in CF15, while springiness and cohesiveness declined. Microstructural confirmed a more homogeneous protein network in β-CD-treated samples. Sensory evaluation highlighted F15 and CF15 as the most acceptable treatments (scores of 8.8 and 8.2, respectively), whereas F30 and CF30 showed reduced acceptability. These findings demonstrated that moderate fenugreek supplementation (15 g/head/day), with or without β-CD, improved the nutritional quality, lipid profile, and structural characteristics of traditional soft goat cheese.

Coagulopathy associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to the formation of abnormal blood clots even in tiny blood vessels, which can lead to severe life-threatening conditions like organ damage, heart attack, and stroke. The objective of this study was to develop a solid oral fixed-dose combination (FDC) of molnupiravir (MPV) as an extended-release core (MPV-XR) with rivaroxaban (RIV) active coating for the management of viral infections with coagulopathy-related complications. While MPV-XR helps reduce viral infection along with daily pill burden, RIV simultaneously minimises coagulopathy-related complications. We strategically selected the manufacturing process of RIV active coating on MPV-XR core tablets as an efficient, fast, and cost-effective method for large-scale formulation manufacturing. Both the MPV-XR core and the RIV-coated MPV-XR finished dosage form were characterised by various instrumental and pharmacopoeial studies. The composition of the P2 batch was found to be the optimum for the MPV-XR core tablet, and the RIV coating with 5% w/w solid content showed the best active-coated tablets with the minimum unit-to-unit content variation (AV, 5.5%). A scale-up batch was executed to evaluate the impact of batch magnification on product quality. FDC of MPV-XR with RIV coating was manufactured, and appropriate characterisation was performed. The scale-up batch samples also showed promising quality in terms of drug content and drug release. Thus, the novel formulation approach showed proven quality characteristics for specific use in coagulopathy associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, detailed clinical study needs to be conducted before its large scale manufacturing and commercialization.