ABSTRACT There are approximately 1.2 million people of Czech ancestry in the United States, yet relatively little is known about the approximately 60,000 to 80,000 immigrants who arrived after 1989. This study employs the aspirations-capabilities framework to examine this more recent immigrant group and its engagement with institutional networks linked to Czechia and the Czech diaspora. Based on data gathered from two online surveys and qualitative interviews we answer the following questions: What were the aspirations and capabilities of Czech immigrants settling in the United States during the postcommunist era? How did this twenty-first century cohort of immigrants engage with organizations created a century earlier and did this engagement facilitate their capabilities? Who participates in these organizations and how might this engagement impact future mobility decisions? We conclude that long-established immigrant organizations contributed to the capabilities of many recent Czech migrants in the United States, which affirms patterns seen with other immigrant groups. In addition, we highlight that such organizations are important components to geographical opportunity structures that influence destination choice and future mobility decisions.

ABSTRACT Leisure activities are particularly employed as a significant intervention tool in the rehabilitation of prisoners within correctional institutions. Primary purpose of this study is to provide a theoretical framework that explains the effects of physical – based leisure activities for prisoners and the secondary purpose is to contribute to the understanding of how the effects derived from leisure activities differ according to the type of activity (serious and casual). Research design is based on a qualitative research method: the grounded theory approach. Participants consist of 19 prisoners (mean age = 33.3), selected through criterion sampling, a purposive sampling technique. The effects of leisure activities organised by the prison administration are classified into three main categories: basic, psychological, and growth effects. These effects vary depending on the type of participation. While casual leisure activities provide basic and psychological effects, serious leisure activities are found to offer more comprehensive effects, including growth effects. The findings propose a new effects model that underscores the critical role of physical – based leisure activities in enhancing the prison environment and supporting prisoner rehabilitation, thereby drawing attention to the extensive advantages of leisure involvement.

This article will discuss and explain the foreign policy formulation of Indonesia and the United Kingdom in the Indo-Pacific region. The urgency of this research emphasizes that both countries view maritime cooperation in the Indo-Pacific region as a crucial mechanism for national interests. However, the Indo-Pacific region is also a new front for conflict for major powers. Therefore, both countries must be able to employ a comprehensive strategy to become strategic partners. This research uses a qualitative methodology with a comparative model. Data collection techniques utilize literature and data analysis techniques using the tracing process. The results show that the two countries have different strategies in Indo-Pacific cooperation. This is based on differences in foreign policy orientation and identity. Furthermore, the different qualities and capacities of the two countries create differences in the formulation of their policy strategies. Indonesia applies the accommodation model, and the United Kingdom the alliance model. Keywords— Accommodation, Indo-Pacific, Indonesia, Leadership, Strategy, United Kingdom

This research explores the phenomenon of consumer boycotts against multinational brands in Indonesia driven by socio-political issues. Using a qualitative descriptive approach with a triangulation technique, this study examines the mechanism of brand image deconstruction and the shift in consumer loyalty. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews, digital observation, and documentation. The results reveal four key findings: first, the deconstruction of brand equity as consumer priorities shift toward "Ethical Equity"; second, the failure of rigid global narratives to meet local empathetic expectations; third, the rise of consumer ethnocentrism providing momentum for local brands; and fourth, the necessity of a "Hyper-localization" strategy involving authentic social action for brand recovery. This study provides a strategic framework for multinational companies to navigate ethical crises in a sensitive market.

Purpose This study provides a comprehensive scientometric analysis of publication trends and thematic evolution in behavioral finance, spanning four decades (1984–2024). It aims to map the intellectual structure, identify key thematic shifts and analyze the impact of 7,053 Scopus-indexed journal articles. Design/methodology/approach A comprehensive bibliometric analysis was conducted using RStudio (bibliometrix) and VOSviewer. The methodology analyzed publication volume, citation impact, co-citation networks and co-word mapping to objectively visualize the field's performance, influential entities and conceptual clusters. Findings The analysis reveals an exponential growth in the number of publications and a corresponding increase in citation impact over the period. A significant finding is an interdisciplinary shift, evidenced by the high volume of research published in sustainability-oriented outlets such as the Journal of Cleaner Production, as well as by the emergence of financial literacy as a central theme. Traditional core areas, including decision-making, risk assessment and overconfidence, remain foundational. Research limitations/implications The study is limited to Scopus-indexed journal articles. It provides a foundation for future qualitative studies on influential themes and proposes new quantitative research avenues in algorithmic behavioral finance and cross-cultural biases. Practical implications The findings guide policymakers and practitioners in designing behaviorally informed interventions, such as using nudge theory to enhance investor protection and developing tailored financial education programs. Social implications Potential outcomes include improved financial decision-making, greater financial literacy and the promotion of responsible investment practices. Originality/value This study offers a data-driven, comprehensive roadmap of the field by defining its intellectual core and providing a unique analytical explanation for the rise of sustainable behavioral finance in the academic literature, thereby challenging conventional assumptions about research outlets.

Abstract Legal research in Indonesia and Malaysia continues to evolve amid growing demands for methodological transparency and analytical rigor. However, the dominance of doctrinal approaches has limited the adoption of empirical and mixed methods in regional legal scholarship. This study aims to examine the implementation of data analysis methods in Scopus-indexed law journals from both countries between 2019 and 2024. Using a comparative qualitative approach supported by content analysis, 60 research articles were systematically reviewed from four selected journals. The findings reveal that qualitative methods remain predominant (78 %), while mixed methods are emerging gradually, especially in Malaysian publications. Quantitative techniques are used minimally (3 %), indicating persistent reliance on document-based normative research. Differences between Indonesia and Malaysia are influenced by academic traditions, legal education systems, and editorial policies. This study is original in mapping the methodological patterns of legal research in two Southeast Asian jurisdictions through an empirical review of Scopus-indexed publications. The results contribute to the enhancement of methodological literacy and highlight the need for integrating normative and empirical approaches in legal studies. Strengthening mixed-method applications is essential to advancing evidence-based legal scholarship and aligning Indonesian and Malaysian legal research with global academic standards.

Purpose Law enforcement agencies in the United States are relying on state fusion centers for intelligence to develop actionable, data-driven reports that increase efficiency and improve investigations in crime prevention and homeland security. This study assesses the extent to which artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) are increasingly shaping intelligence operations in law enforcement and the functions of state fusion centers in supporting intelligence-led policing (ILP). The reliance and integration of AI/ML is improving analytic accuracy, situational awareness and information and data sharing and collaboration among law enforcement and homeland security agencies. This study examines the state of contemporary academic literature, assesses AI/ML applications used in law enforcement and builds a conceptual and theoretical framework centered on ILP policing. It also relies on empirical data, case study applications, and DHS assessments to explore the degree to which AI-driven processes and analytics enhance criminal intelligence, investigative efficiencies, situational awareness and predictive policing. The analysis, while focusing on the opportunities and challenges of using AI/ML tools in law enforcement, also highlights the need for ethical governance, transparency and accountability when relying on advanced technologies for crime prevention and policing. Design/methodology/approach This study utilizes qualitative methods, including a thematic content analysis of government and think tank/practitioner reports as well as academic literature on the benefits, costs and ethical factors regarding variations in the implementation of AI/ML tools for law enforcement intelligence products and resource allocation. For cross-validation of operational outcomes, it examines publicly available information in the DHS Fusion Center Annual Assessment, Bureau of Justice Statistics, LEMAS and RAND Corporation assessments of intelligence-led policing. Findings Qualitative Results Federal and state sources report fusion centers and law enforcement agencies integrating advanced analytic and ML-enabled tools into each step in the criminal intelligence lifecycle process. However, ethical and structural challenges limit and constrain technology-driven narratives in fusion centers. Given these challenges, there is a consistent qualitative and thematic pattern: state fusion centers now function as criminal intelligence analytic hubs or resources that leverage the most contemporary analytic and data-driven tools for criminal intelligence and law enforcement investigations. Interrelated themes describe AI/ML technologies in terms of shaping, constraining and complicating the intelligence lifecycle in fusion centers and law enforcement operations. Seven specific themes emerged from latent coding are illustrated in the chart. Research limitations/implications There are limitations on the collection of quantitative data since DHS, leading think tanks and NGOs do not disclose specific figures on the proportion of AI/ML tools. The DHS Fusion Center Annual Assessment process monitors technology adoption and the growth of analytic capabilities throughout the national network of fusion centers; however, the specific quantitative statistics are not disclosed in public summaries (DHS, 2024). Second, publicly available data and information constitute the bulk of empirical sources. Consequently, this study relies primarily on qualitative narrative reporting, not quantitative performance metrics. Third, publication bias is likely present in industry and government sources as these reports may provide overly optimistic observations and conclusions while overlooking ethical dilemmas, failures and challenges. Moreover, qualitative thematic analysis could reflect broader structural narratives as opposed to empirical outcomes. Finally, since AI/ML adoption varies across fusion centers and according to technology levels, qualitative themes identified in this study must be read as representative patterns and not as universally generalizable. Originality/value Fusion center utilization of AI/ML technologies is as much an operational tool as it is a policy, governance and ethical challenge. Successful and professional use in support of law enforcement is about placing technological innovations firmly within institutional accountability and constitutional guardrails. On the one hand, AI/ML tools are enhancing analytical intelligence production by accelerating analytic workflows, predictive modeling and expanding data/information integration capabilities. AI/ML are extending ILP concepts by offering improvements in situational awareness and threat identification and operational efficiencies. On the other, substantial constraints hinder responsible use of these technologies. In the absence of standardized oversight frameworks, data-quality issues, algorithmic bias and the lack of professional development, workforce capacity and critical skills on the part of fusion center analysts will cancel the benefits of these tools.

Facial palsy affects 45-60% of acute stroke patients, significantly impacting their physical function, communication, and quality of life. Varied outcome measures across studies and clinical practices make it difficult to synthesise evidence and establish treatment effectiveness. This protocol describes in detail the professional stakeholder component of a multistage Core Outcome Set (COS) development programme for post-stroke facial palsy. This component focuses on identifying critically important outcomes (the "what" to measure) between two key stakeholder groups: clinicians and researchers. This study follows the Core Outcome Set standards for development (COS-STAD) and protocol (COS-STAP) recommendations. The development process consists of five sequential steps: (1) outcome generation through systematic reviews, consultation with our co-researchers who have lived experience, and the findings from qualitative interviews with stroke participants; (2) recruitment of up to 200 international clinicians and researchers (minimum 30 per group) through clinical networks (including professional associations), social media platforms (X, LinkedIn, Bluesky), and via published research identifying stroke and facial palsy researchers; (3) multiple rounds of Delphi surveys; (4) online consensus meeting (at least five per stakeholder group); and (5) results dissemination. This paper reports the detailed protocol for the professional stakeholder component, which will establish consensus among clinicians and researchers on what outcomes are critically important to measure. This protocol addresses a significant gap in stroke rehabilitation research as part of a comprehensive, multi-stage programme to develop a COS for post-stroke facial palsy. Standardising outcome measurement will facilitate more effective synthesis of research findings, reduce research waste, and accelerate intervention development. It describes how people with lived experience have been included from the start and signposts to a parallel study using the supported nominal group technique (detailed protocol reported separately). A parallel systematic review will evaluate available measurement instruments, their psychometric properties to explore "how" to measure the agreed outcome domains. The results of each stage will be disseminated through multiple channels to facilitate widespread research and clinical practice adoption. Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) registered, December 2024 (https://www.comet-initiative.org/Studies/Details/3295); systematic review registered (PROSPERO), June 2023, CRD42023410768.

Educational activities as a pathway to postgraduate standardization: a qualitative study.

ABSTRACT This qualitative interpretive interview study examines how war, displacement, and the destruction of educational infrastructure have reshaped gifted education, intellectual leadership, and the conditions for talent development in Gaza. Eleven senior and mid-career academics and education-sector actors from diverse institutions and disciplines were interviewed virtually to examine their interpretations of educational collapse under siege. Guided by five analytic domains (institutional destruction; psychological impact; knowledge survival; academic identity; and education as moral resilience), data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Findings indicate that participants interpret the devastation of schools and universities as the annihilation of Gaza’s educational and knowledge infrastructure, resulting in the erosion of institutional memory, rupture of research continuity, and loss of developmental affordances necessary for activating giftedness. Gifted students are perceived by participants as a “lost generation,” with talent rendered structurally non-activatable amid displacement, trauma, and disrupted learning trajectories. Importantly, giftedness is not described as disappearing, but as being re-expressed through continuity-oriented practices, including ethical leadership, knowledge preservation, digital archiving, tent-based instruction, low-bandwidth supervision, and international scholarly collaboration. These practices are framed by participants as moral and intellectual acts aimed at sustaining educational continuity and collective hope rather than as substitutes for formal talent development. The study introduces the concept of non-activatable giftedness to theorize how gifted potential persists yet remains constrained when educational capital is systematically destroyed. By extending the actiotope model to conditions of war and displacement, the findings clarify the boundary conditions of giftedness theory and highlight the ethical stakes of preserving educational capital for gifted learners under extreme structural deprivation.

Abstract In recent years, multiple low light image enhancement algorithms have been developed, using both conventional techniques and machine learning based approaches. These techniques work as post processing methods, which add additional computational overhead. In this paper, a quantum image representation model has been proposed for low light images based on the Improved Simple Quantum Representation (ISQR). It is inspired by the Simple Quantum Representation (SQR) algorithm, which was originally designed for infrared imaging. ISQR extends its applicability by efficiently encoding low light grayscale and color images on quantum computing platforms. As quantum imaging hardware is not yet commercially available, all experiments in this study were conducted through simulations to validate the proposed approach. ISQR is proposed as a quantum image representation technique in which classical pixel values are encoded into a quantum state , and an enhanced image is obtained after multiple quantum measurement and classical reconstruction. The enhancement performance of the proposed model is compared through multiple classical low light image enhancement algorithms and statistical analysis. In this paper, the coal mine and surveillance examples are shown primarily as qualitative case studies to demonstrate how ISQR behaves in extremely low light conditions. All these analyses and advantages highlight its potential for future quantum camera development.

Reimagining community health nursing: a qualitative participatory action research study of nurse-led primary healthcare innovation in rural Saudi Arabia

Introduction The Mediterranean Sea is one of the world's most extensive biodiversity hotspots, yet its biodiversity is increasingly degraded due to environmental pressures and socio-economic activities, particularly fishing. Although a comprehensive policy framework exists to balance socio-economic needs with environmental protection, tensions persist due to limited integration among relevant policies and institutions. Mediterranean fisheries provide substantial socio-economic benefits, but overfishing remains a critical challenge. Against this background, this paper examines the integration of marine environmental and fisheries policies in the Mediterranean. Methods The study adopts a multi-scale case study approach, covering the full Mediterranean regional level and two national contexts: the Italian North Adriatic and the French Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. It employs a mixed qualitative methodology combining literature and policy reviews with semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and ethnographic research. The analysis focuses on coherence between European Union and regional Mediterranean policies, as well as their implementation at the national level in French Mediterranean and Italian northern Adriatic waters. Results The analysis identifies key challenges in policy alignment and persistent tensions between biodiversity conservation and fisheries management at the policy level. Both the EU's Common Fisheries Policy and the General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean incorporate environmental objectives and coordinate with environmental policies and institutions. However, this coherence at higher policy levels diminishes during implementation due to entrenched sectoral silos, power dynamics, varying levels of political will, and differences in available funding. Discussion These findings highlight ongoing difficulties in achieving effective marine policy coherence in the Mediterranean. The dilution of high-level policy alignment during implementation underscores the need for stronger enforcement, enhanced cross-sectoral coordination at both institutional and stakeholder levels, and more adaptive governance mechanisms. Addressing these issues is essential to better safeguard Mediterranean biodiversity while balancing socio-economic objectives.

ABSTRACT Teaching practicums are widely recognised as a fundamental component of teacher education. However persistent challenges continue to surround them highlighting the need for refinement of policies and practices. To support evidence-based development scholars are often encouraged to provide explicit policy and practice recommendations drawn from their research findings. This qualitative study examines the recommendations for supervised teaching practicums presented in academic research articles. The data set consisted of 74 peer-reviewed empirical studies focusing on practicums in the context of Finland. Through thematic analysis four key themes for recommendations emerged: (1) fostering collaboration (2) enhancing coherence (3) developing supervisor competencies and (4) refining the supervisory process. The recommendations were mostly complementary to each other with only a few instances of contradictory suggestions. The incompatible views primarily revolved around the practicum setting – debates over whether practicums should take place in teacher training schools or other contexts – and somewhat differing perspectives on structured versus unstructured approaches to supporting student teachers’ reflective processes during the practicum. This study contributes to the growing yet still limited body of literature that investigates recommendations proposed in scholarly publications while also serving as a stimulus for further analyses of policy and practice recommendations in teacher education.

This qualitative study explored the experiences of Latinx, larger-bodied women navigating infertility through an intersectional lens and phenomenological framework. The research question guiding our study is: What are the experiences of Latinx, female-identifying, larger-bodied individuals with fertility challenges? Participants described forms of oppression in medical and cultural systems and weight-based discrimination. Findings revealed two primary themes that provide insight into participants’ lived experiences at the distinctive juncture of these identities: institutional primary-level oppression and secondary-level oppression. The study underscores that counseling from an intersectional lens means creating spaces where all aspects of identity are considered; an intersectional approach highlights how systemic oppression contributes to client distress and helps counselors more fully support client healing.

As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly embedded in clinical workflows, clinicians encounter ethical challenges that traditional, principle-based medical ethics education may not adequately address. Empirical evidence on clinicians' experiences with AI-related ethics is limited, constraining curricular improvement. This qualitative study explores how early-career doctors in Singapore perceive and negotiate ethical dilemmas arising from clinical AI use and translates findings into an operationalised competence framework for medical education. Between April and June 2025, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 30 early-career doctors (1-5 years post-graduation) from nine public healthcare institutions in Singapore. Purposive sampling ensured diversity across specialties, institutions, gender and ethnicity. Interviews explored participants' AI-related ethical challenges in day-to-day practice and their perceptions of ethics training in medical school. Data were analysed using Braun and Clarke's (2022) reflexive thematic analysis, with codes developed iteratively and informed by the four classical bioethical principles as sensitising concepts-autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice. Interdisciplinary reflexive discussions guided the construction and interpretation of themes. Participants reported limited formal AI education. Seven recurring practical ethical challenges were identified: (1) system opacity, (2) dataset bias and generalisability, (3) data privacy and consent in networked environments, (4) insufficient patient-specific contextualisation of outputs, (5) risks of hallucinations, (6) ambiguous accountability and (7) cognitive offloading. These themes reframed classical bioethical principles through epistemic, relational and institutional lenses. Ethical competence for AI-mediated care requires integrated epistemic and relational capacities beyond technical literacy or traditional medical ethics. We propose the Digital-Age Clinical AI Ethics Competence (DCEC) framework, comprising four domains of epistemic awareness, relational integrity, reflexive accountability and adaptive professionalism, anchored by ethical digital literacy (EDL). Each domain is operationalised with specific learning activities and assessment strategies such as Objective Structured Clinical Examination(OSCE) stations, reflective portfolios and ethics viva. We discuss implications for curriculum design, faculty development and competency-based assessment.

This study investigates the utilization of modern glucocorticoid medications (Acecort®, Alkindi®, Efmody®, Plenadren®) for congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, examining prescribing patterns, barriers to adoption, and geographical and temporal trends. A two-part study was conducted: a retrospective analysis of treatment regimens from the International Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Registry across 46 centres in 20 countries (2017-2023), and a qualitative survey of 39 centres regarding barriers to prescribing modern medications. Patients included both paediatric and adult populations. Data analysed included regional prescription trends, timing of modern glucocorticoid adoption, and identified barriers. From 2017-2023, 44 of 790 (5%) patients transitioned from traditional to modern glucocorticoid therapy, with the highest adoption in high-income Western European countries. Alkindi® was exclusively prescribed to patients under 8 years, while 97% of Efmody® users were 7 years or older. By 2023, modern glucocorticoid availability varied among centres: Alkindi® (54%), Efmody® (46%), Plenadren® (33%), and Acecort® (15%). Adoption of modern glucocorticoid medications for congenital adrenal hyperplasia remains limited, with only approximately 5% of patients transitioning from traditional therapies. Significant barriers include legislative approval, supply chain challenges, and elevated costs. This international study looked at how new medications for congenital adrenal hyperplasia are used globally. We found that despite increasing availability of new medications during the study time period, only a small number of patients (5%) switched to these newer treatments. This limited use is mainly due to high costs, problems with getting legal approval, and supply issues, highlighting unequal access to care worldwide.

Patient interview data exploring the experiences of the most relevant symptoms and impacts of upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC) remain scarce. This study aimed to develop a conceptual disease model (CDM) of UTUC grounded in patients' own experiences of UTUC and to capture disease-specific symptoms and impacts experienced before, during, and after cancer treatment. A targeted literature review (TLR) informed the qualitative interview guide development. Qualitative concept elicitation interviews were then performed with patients who had UTUC to understand their experiences of the disease and its treatment, focusing on symptoms and impacts. Interview transcripts were thematically analyzed using ATLAS.ti©. The findings from both the TLR and qualitative interviews were synthesized to develop a CDM. We interviewed 15 adults with UTUC (mean age, 56years), including nine with low-grade and six with high-grade UTUC. Patients reported 22 symptoms: 11 pre-treatment and 21 during treatment and/or post-treatment. The most frequently reported pre-treatment symptoms were blood in urine (60%), fatigue/tiredness (53%), and pain (47%). During or post-treatment, the most frequently reported symptoms were fatigue/tiredness (93%), pain (47%), and weight loss (40%). Patients with low- and high-grade UTUC reported comparable numbers of distinct symptoms, both pre- and post-treatment. UTUC and its treatment impacted patients' emotional well-being (100%), activities of daily life (73%), relationships (73%), social functioning (60%), sleep (60%), and physical functioning (27%), and treatment burden was explicitly mentioned by 13%. The CDM of UTUC was developed, capturing the symptoms and impacts experienced by patients with low- or high-grade UTUC. This qualitative study identified a broad range of symptoms and impacts of UTUC and its treatment, highlighting the unmet patient needs associated with current UTUC management. Our findings provide a qualitative foundation to inform endpoint and clinical outcome assessment selections in clinical research and to guide patient-centered care strategies for UTUC.

In institutional long-term care facilities, the care environment and the psychosocial status of the staff are closely associated with the quality of care. The aim of this study is to examine how staff members in long-term care facilities in Germany and Türkiye understand their duties and develop caring relationships. In this qualitative descriptive comparative study, sixteen participants (eight from each country) were interviewed using a sociodemographic form and a semi-structured interview guide. Data were analysed using thematic analysis following Braun and Clarke's approach. Coding was conducted by the first author and independently reviewed by a second researcher, with differences discussed and resolved through comparison. The study suggests that both countries face similar challenges related to staffing needs and the care of residents with cognitive impairments, while also showing differences in organizational structures and care approaches. German participants emphasized the efficiency of fixed schedules and ergonomic aids, while Turkish participants highlighted shift irregularities and dependence on manual handling techniques. In terms of interaction, German staff described using structured dialogue and pragmatic cultural adaptations, while Turkish participants more frequently referred to relational approaches characterized by familial forms of address and religious sensitivity. Furthermore, although emotional rewards were described as outweighing material incentives in both settings, institutional frameworks in Germany were often associated with sustaining motivation, whereas intrinsic personal dedication in Türkiye was frequently mentioned in the context of limited systemic support. This study suggests that whilst empathy and respect are fundamental in both contexts, participants in Türkiye more frequently described motivation in relation to social bonds and personal commitment, whereas German participants more often associated motivation with institutional stability and defined professional roles. The comparison further suggests that both systems reflect distinct strengths within their respective contexts and may provide points for reflection in future cross-national discussions on long-term care practices.

Background Prosocial behaviors are important public health strategies for decreasing older people’s social isolation and improving their social engagement and well-being. However, few studies have explored older Chinese people’s helping behaviors. Therefore, this qualitative study was designed to explore the experiences of helping behaviors among community-dwelling older adults using self-construal theory, focusing on their motivations, willingness, and gains. Methods A descriptive qualitative study was conducted from July to September 2024 in Southwest China using semistructured, in-depth, in-person interviews. Participants were selected through purposive sampling method, and categories and subcategories were identified through content analysis method. Results A total of twenty community-dwelling older adults participated in this study. Six categories and thirteen subcategories were extracted from the data analysis. The categories included (i) the individual self (intrinsic motivation and self-interested motivation); (ii) the relational self (driven by genetic factors and help people close to them); (iii) the collective self (responsibility and obligation and prioritizing collective interests); (iv) the beyond self (pure altruism and helping strangers discreetly); (v) perceived gains (intergenerational support, peer support, and positive emotions); and (vi) barriers to and facilitators of helping behaviors. Conclusion The results emphasized that the intrinsic motivations for helping behaviors among older people were mainly benevolence and empathy. However, the motivations and willingness to engage in helping behaviors differed and were complex for different recipients. Perceived intergenerational support, peer support, and positive emotions could be protective factors for them in maintaining long-term helping behavior. Therefore, increasing helping behaviors in daily life should be considered an effective public health measure for older people to obtain family and social support and promote their mental health.