Grounded Theory Qualitative Analysis Research Articles

New Digital Order and its Implications on Indian Family Relationships

The extensive adoption of mobile devices in India has revolutionized family communication patterns, presenting new dynamics and challenges. This study investigates the role of mobile communication in various aspects of family relationships, including parent-child interactions, marital relationships, and intergenerational dynamics. The aim is to see the evolving landscape of family relations in the digital era on family communication patterns, psychological well-being, and social connectedness. Mobile devices facilitate frequent and convenient communication, allowing family members to stay connected despite physical distances. It has also been observed to increase monitoring and supervision by parents, which may positively influence parent-child relationships. However, excessive mobile usage and dependency may lead to neglect of face-to-face interactions, resulting in reduced family interactions and communication. It is essential to explore the potential consequences of excessive mobile usage and identify strategies to promote healthy mobile communication practices within Indian families. The researcher conducted ten semi-structured interviews in a suburban housing society in Mumbai suburbs with similar socioeconomic strata. The aim was to know more about how mobile phones affect family communications. Qualitative grounded theory analysis was used to find themes and interpret results. (Creswell, 2013) The study explores the role of mobile communication in family relationships, emphasizing the need for effective management of mobile device usage within households. Setting time limits, boosting digital literacy, and encouraging family activities offline are among tactics that could help lessen the detrimental effects of mobile communication on family dynamics. Furthermore, understanding the cultural context of Indian families is crucial, as it can influence the adoption and interpretation of mobile technology within familial relationships. The research concludes that the role of mobile communication and usage in Indian family relations is a complex and multifaceted process. While mobile devices offer convenience and connectivity, their impact on family dynamics must be considered. This research abstract highlights the need for further investigation into the effects of mobile communication on different aspects of family relationships in the Indian context.

University students’ and educators’ perceptions on the use of digital and social media platforms: A sentiment analysis and a multi-country review

Due to Covid-19, an inevitable restructuring of higher education teaching and learning pedagogies ensuring the continuous and effective learning of students is deemed important. Despite such vitality, a prevalent disparity worldwide on the usages and gains of digital and social media integration is still noticeable. Following a Scoping Literature Review and using the Atlas.ti software for a Grounded Theory qualitative analysis, this study aims to ascertain the significance of digital and social media tools during and after the Covid-19 pandemic. The study explains the common challenges and opportunities both students and educators faced in thirty countries. Drawing on the sentiment analysis of these stakeholders, results indicate that despite the acceleration of digital education into a flexible, and student-centered didactic approach, various barriers in effectively fulfilling online learning still exist. Findings also revealed the lack of, and therefore need for, proper teaching and learning material and strategies suitable for digital education.

Pushing Through: How Older Adult Caregivers Manage Wound Care.

Older adults are taking on caregiving roles and are performing complex care procedures, such as wound care, in the home setting yet there is a dearth of knowledge about how older adult caregivers manage the performance of wound care on a day-to-day basis. The theoretical framework developed in this research describes this process of managing the caregiving role. Interviews with 18 caregivers aged 65 years and older who were performing wound care in the home for a care recipient yielded a theoretical framework from their narratives using a qualitative grounded theory analysis. The resultant theoretical framework, Pushing Through, consisted of five phases: (a) accepting the role, (b) lacking confidence, (c) creating a system, (d) trusting in self, and (e) owning the outcomes. An understanding of the older adult caregiver's process creates opportunities for healthcare professionals to develop and implement evidence-based interventions.

Cybersecurity Training in Organization as Human Capital Investment: A Qualitative Grounded Theory Analysis

This study aims to examine the impacts of organization’s cybersecurity training program on employees with qualitative data, collected from 33 college students who were attending Norfolk State University while also working either on a part-time or full-time basis participated. Open-ended questions were asked to elicit participants’ perspectives on cybersecurity training and cybersecurity protocols in organizations. Using qualitative data analysis software Nvivo 12, the authors organized and analyzed the collected data with open coding, and selective coding to recognize the major influencing impacts from cybersecurity training on employees’ routine work and behavior. Inductive and grounded theory analysis further elaborates connections between employee’s cybersecurity training and efficiency of organizations. Our findings suggest that on-the-job cybersecurity training provided by the employer is an effective investment for modern organizations to build on the organizational human capital and consequently to improve the efficiency of the organization. Findings from this study corroborates with the tenet of human capital theory that on-the-job educational program or training is economical and effective to manage the human capital challenge for modern organizations.

External enablers and entrepreneurial ecosystems: The brokering role of the anchor tenant in capacitating grassroots ecopreneurs

AbstractResearch SummaryWe study how environmental enablers, specifically disruptive ecological shifts, and subsequent regulatory activity, led to the formation of a local ecopreneur ecosystem in Kenya and how this process was facilitated by the brokerage role of an international NGO. Drawing from the entrepreneurial ecosystem literature, and using a strategic network perspective to conceptually map salient interorganizational ties, multilevel engagement, and resource generation, we utilize qualitative grounded theory analysis to argue that environmental changes have catalyzed the regulatory change towards the formation of an entrepreneurial ecosystem for low‐resourced ecopreneurs. This process is facilitated through ecosystem brokering through an anchor tenant that accelerates knowledge, resources, and viable exchanges to advance venture sustainability.Managerial SummaryOur study unpacks how regulatory responses to environmental shifts enable the systemic development of venture creation. We explore how environmental changes, first in the natural environment, and subsequently, the regulatory environment—influence ecosystem emergence for entrepreneurial activity. We present three dimensions of regulatory enablement that shift conditions to favor venture building. Problem framing by the regulatory sector signals potential opportunities for entrepreneurs for value creation. Prioritization of this problem, emphasized in the government's regulation, sets new agendas and implies that new rules and resources would be allocated towards such opportunities. New rules also reconfigure boundaries to invite new actors and interactions into the discourse on environmental preservation in Kenya.

"They Kept Going for Answers": Knowledge, Capacity, and Environmental Health Literacy in Michigan's PBB Contamination.

The Michigan PBB Oral History Project documented community residents' descriptions of a large-scale chemical contamination-the PBB contamination-that occurred in Michigan in 1973. These oral histories document residents' and others' experiences during and after the contamination. We conducted a grounded theory qualitative analysis of 31 oral histories to examine the experiences of community members, researchers, lawyers, and others who actively sought out and contributed essential information about the contamination and its impacts. Our findings highlight several challenges encountered in the development of this knowledge including four central themes-contested knowledge, community skills, inaction, and uncertainty. Integrating environmental health literacy, community capacity, and contested illness frameworks, we examine the contributions of community residents, scientists (from inside and outside the community), and others to the development of knowledge to inform decisions and sustain action regarding this large-scale contamination. We close with a discussion of lessons learned regarding efforts to build environmental health knowledge within uncertain and often contested contexts and for promoting environmental health and action related to large-scale chemical contaminations. Our findings suggest the importance of integrated frameworks for examining and promoting the critical role of community skills, leadership, participation, sense of community, and community power in promoting environmental health.

Mental Health Service Experiences Among Transition-Age Youth: Interpersonal Continuums that Influence Engagement in Care.

Purpose. Transition-age youth (TAY) who have experienced or are experiencing complex trauma, system involvement and homelessness are at increased risk for serious mental health needs and related challenges. However, these vulnerable and historically marginalized TAY typically have low rates of mental health service engagement. This study examines how and why TAY experiencing system involvement, homelessness, and serious mental health and substance use symptoms engage in mental health services, and what facilitates and/or hinders their engagement in services. Methods. Twenty-one TAY completed a virtual interview about their previous and current mental health service experiences, and why they did or did not engage with mental health services. A modified grounded theory qualitative analysis approach was used to understand how participants' personal sense of meaning interacted with programmatic factors to construct participant experiences with mental health services. Results. Most participants (81%, n = 17) received mental health services, namely psychiatry (76%, n = 16) and counseling/therapy (48%, n = 10), and peer support (10%, n = 2). Participants described their mental health service experiences along three interpersonal and relational continuums between themselves and their providers: feeling (mis)understood, being treated with (dis)respect, and experiencing (dis)trust. Discussion. Study findings reveal that for these particularly vulnerable and marginalized TAY, relational and interpersonal factors significantly influenced their engagement in mental health services. Study findings call for providers to re-imagine their working alliance with highly vulnerable TAY through culturally-attuned practices that promote understanding, respect, and trust. Findings also call for TAY-serving programs and policies to re-imagine peer support as a mental health service option for this highly vulnerable population.

From captain to button-presser: operators’ perspectives on navigating highly automated ferries

Teaming with Artificial Intelligence (AI) is changing the way seafarers work. We show that a new kind of seafaring is emerging, characterized by cooperation with AI systems. In this format of seafaring, navigation tasks are controlled automatically while human operators manage the automation, always “in the loop” and ready to take over control if necessary. Ideally, this arrangement sees improvements in overall system performance and safety. However, little is known today about how this format of work will unfold in real-world operations. We investigate this topic by interviewing operators (n = 5) on ferries recently outfitted with state-of-the-art automated navigation technology. We used a mixed-methods approach to analyze the case study interviews, combining quantitative text analysis with Grounded Theory qualitative analysis techniques. The results show that operators perceived a shift towards a backup role coincident with increasing agency of machine autonomy. This role shift was characterized by “button-pressing” to start the machine autonomy and subsequently intervening to stop it when things go wrong. We observed that this shift led to boredom, deskilling, stretched resources, and compromised organizational harmony – effects running counter to the intention of improved system performance and safety. Synthesizing the findings, we present (1) effects across three operational dimensions: (i) tasks, (ii) human-computer interaction, (iii) organization; and (2) a definition of collaborative (human-AI) seafaring. By identifying issues in the early implementation of highly automated ship navigation, we hope to guide designers of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASSs) away from potential pitfalls and towards development more in tune with real-world demands of collaborative work.

Capturing Injustice: The Screenshot as a Tool for Sousveillance

Framing the screenshot as a tiny-but-mighty tool for digital sousveillance, this case study explores the use of screenshots in online social justice movements, specifically those dedicated to identifying and eradicating systemic racism. Using one antiracism-focused Twitter account as a single case for analysis, we examined how social justice advocates may use the screenshot to “watch from below.” Grounded theory qualitative analysis of 228 screenshots posted to the Racism Watchdog account (@RacismDog) between June 2019 and June 2020 revealed that screenshots offer a means to capture and call attention to injustices in online spaces. Equipping users with the ability to select and frame content appearing onscreen, screenshots also allow users to emphasize portions of racist comments, incorporate information to support an argument, juxtapose bits of information to highlight rhetorical contradictions, and occasionally to bring levity to those engaged in online activism. We discuss the screenshot as an effective, visually persuasive tool in online sousveillance.

Creating safe spaces: An exploration of dominant and subordinate identity status

Through a qualitative study consisting of 68 undergraduate business students representing both dominant and subordinate identities, we examine how students make meaning of situations where they feel “unsafe”. Participants were primed on the increased occurrence of incidents involving negative comments or behavior about diversity on U.S. college campuses. They were then asked to think about a time when they felt unsafe in a diversity-related situation and to describe the situation and how it made them feel. Next, we conducted a grounded theory qualitative analysis to study participant’s explanations of how those unsafe experiences. Our results reveal that feeling unsafe is triggered by norms violations such as repeated offensive behaviors and comments. Furthermore, we find these triggers are interpreted as identity, contextual, vicarious, and hazardous working-condition threats which lead to affective and self-protective responses. Additionally, we found evidence that members of dominant groups reported vicarious and hazardous working condition threats more frequently than members of subordinate identity groups did. We propose that social identity group status influences interpretations of norm violations and how people make meaning about being unsafe. In the wake of the #BlackLivesMatter and #MeToo movements, our results underscore the practical importance of higher education institutions providing concrete action items to address safety inequities on college campuses and beyond.

Parental Decision-Making for Surgery and Anesthesia in Young Children.

Millions of young children undergo surgery and anesthesia each year, yet there is a lack of scientific consensus about the safety of anesthesia exposure for the developing brain. Also poorly understood is parental anesthesia-related decision-making and how neurotoxicity information influences their choices. The theoretical model of parental decision-making generated in this research explicates this process. Interviews with 24 mothers yielded a theoretical framework based on their narratives developed using a qualitative grounded theory analysis. Five major themes emerged from these interviews: emotional processing, cognitive processing, relationships as resources, the mother/child dyad, and the health care context. Mothers described a non-linear, iterative process; they moved fluidly through emotional and cognitive processing supported by relationships as resources and influenced by the health care context. A key element was the subtheme of the medical translator, an individual who provided context and information. The mother/child dyad grounded the model in the relationship with the child.

The impact of gratitude letters and visits on relationships, happiness, well-being, and meaning of graduate students

In this mixed-methods research, we examined the practice of writing and delivering letters of gratitude (gratitude visits) and its impact on well-being, happiness, meaning and relationships for students in an online graduate program in psychology. Participants completed assessments and inventories relating to happiness, well-being and meaning in life, including the Satisfaction with Life Scale, Meaning in Life Questionnaire, Approaches to Happiness Questionnaire and open-ended qualitative questions before and after they wrote and delivered gratitude letters. Quantitative analyses found significant increases in meaning in life, satisfaction with life, and approaches to happiness after the gratitude visit intervention. Using a grounded theory qualitative analysis of the data, eight primary themes emerged related to the impact and meaning of gratitude letters on graduate students: (1) the impact on the relationship; (2) positive emotions experienced; (3) experiencing a reciprocal expression of gratitude from the receiver; (4) overcoming uncomfortable emotions; (5) relief, release or liberation after sharing; (6) impact on spiritual growth; (7) unexpected responses; and (8) greater reflection on the meaning of life and a changed perspective. Overall, providing graduate students with the opportunity to engage in gratitude visit interventions was related to greater meaning and well-being. This study suggests implications and recommendations related to the use of positive psychology interventions in educational settings.

“This Is How Hard It Is”. Family Experience of Hospital-to-Home Transition with a Tracheostomy

Rationale: Expansion of chronic ventilation options and shared decision-making have contributed to an increasing population of technology-dependent children. One particularly vulnerable group is children with tracheostomy who depend on technology for basic respiratory functions. Chronic critical care is now provided in the homecare setting with implications for family caregivers.Objectives: This study explores the experience of family caregivers of children and young adults with a tracheostomy during the transition from hospital to home care. We sought to identify the specific unmet needs of families to direct future interventions.Methods: We recruited a convenience sample of families from an established home ventilation program to participate in semistructured interviews. Sessions were conducted in person or via teleconference. A grounded-theory qualitative analysis was performed.Results: Between March 2017 and October 2018, we interviewed 13 individuals representing 12 families of children and/or young adults with tracheostomy. Patients ranged in age from 9 months to 28 years, had a tracheostomy for 8 months to 18 years, and represented a variety of underlying diagnoses. Five key themes emerged: 1) navigating home nursing; 2) care coordination and durable medical equipment (DME) impediments; 3) learning as a process; 4) managing emergencies; and 5) setting expectations.Conclusions: Our findings support the need for family-centered discharge processes including coordination of care and teaching focused on emergency preparedness.

Irish student teachers’ beliefs about self, learning and teaching: a longitudinal study

ABSTRACTThis paper explores the beliefs about self-as-teacher, learning and teaching of preservice elementary teachers during a three-year undergraduate programme. Using a qualitative grounded theory analysis, the study examined the initial beliefs or personal theories of 27 preservice teachers during their first Semester. Longitudinal data were gathered from 7 of these students over the three-year duration of their teacher education programme through iterative interviews and reflective journal analysis. The findings demonstrate expansion in preservice teachers’ understandings of the teacher’s role, the value of reflective practice, the differential needs of learners and approaches to pedagogy. Findings point to lacunae in preservice teachers’ capacity for critical reflective practice and demonstrate how classroom management concerns can cause preservice teachers to adopt more cautious and traditional pedagogical approaches, despite their espoused commitment to child-centred principles.

The role of mobile devices in 21st-century family communication

Use of media devices has evolved over the past 10–15 years and the resulting effects on family communication are of interest for this study. Through 26 semi-structured interviews, the authors sought to understand the role mobile devices play in family communication. Qualitative grounded theory analysis was used to find themes and interpret results (Creswell, 2013). One overarching paradoxical theme emerged from these data, family connect–family disconnect. In family connect, categories of across distance, reassurances, and boundaries are shared. Within family disconnect, distractions, misunderstandings, and negative emotional responses are conveyed. Future research avenues recommended are decision making related to mobile devices based on values and morals, in-depth social media and app usage, emoji emotional responses, individuals under 18 and between 18 and 30 years old, and a network analysis of one extended family.

A Grounded Theory Qualitative Analysis of Interprofessional Providers' Perceptions on Caring for Critically Ill Infants and Children in Pediatric and General Emergency Departments.

The objective of this study was to explore pediatric emergency department (PED) and general emergency department (GED) providers' perceptions on caring for critically ill infants and children. This study utilized qualitative methods to examine the perceptions of emergency department providers caring for critically ill infants and children. Teams of providers participated in 4 in situ simulation cases followed by facilitated debriefings. Debriefings were recorded and professionally transcribed. The transcripts were reviewed independently and followed by group coding discussions to identify emerging themes. Consistent with grounded theory, the team iteratively revised the debriefing script as new understanding was gained. A total of 188 simulation debriefings were recorded in 24 departments, with 15 teams participating from 8 PEDs and 32 teams from 16 GEDs. Twenty-four debriefings were audiotaped and professionally transcribed verbatim. Thematic saturation was achieved after 20 transcripts. In our iterative qualitative analysis of these transcripts, we observed 4 themes: (1) GED provider comfort with algorithm-based pediatric care and overall comfort with pediatric care in PED, (2) GED provider reliance on cognitive aids versus experience-based recall by PED providers, (3) GED provider discomfort with locating and determining size or dose of pediatric-specific equipment and medications, and (4) PED provider reliance on larger team size and challenges with multitasking during resuscitation. Our qualitative analysis produced several themes that help us to understand providers' perceptions in caring for critically ill children in GEDs and PEDs. These data could guide the development of targeted educational and improvement interventions.

Feasibility and effectiveness of diabetes peer coaches

This was a two-year project funded by a grant from the Lawson Foundation involving a university and 11 Diabetes Centres. One hundred nine persons with type 2 diabetes or who were familiar with type 2 diabetes (e.g., family member) were trained to use Self-Management behavioural change strategies and to navigate the healthcare system. Diabetes educators recruited 115 adults with type 2 diabetes who were experiencing difficulty. Coaches and subjects were paired and over a 6-month period coaches telephoned subjects once each week and engaged in a 30-minute conversation. Both the coaches and subjects completed questionnaires at baseline, and at 6 and 12 months. A one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to investigate change with 14 measures. To investigate process, a grounded theory qualitative analysis was conducted to obtain information on how the coaching process worked. The analysis showed statistically significant improvements in A1 C, patient activation, depression, self-efficacy, communication with health care professionals, and diabetes empowerment. Improvement levels were sustained at 12 months and these results were not influenced by covariates of age, gender, number of chronic health conditions and education level. The study also obtained information on recruiting coaches and participants, training coaches, pairing coaches with participants, length and intensity of the intervention, liaising with diabetes health professionals and monitoring and supporting coaching integrity. This pilot “pragmatic” study demonstrated that peer coaches are acceptable to clinicians and clients and have an important role in the continuity of care for persons experiencing chronic conditions. At study completion the program protocol was modified slightly and is currently being implemented on a permanent basis to persons experiencing various types of chronic condition, and the program is currently being evaluated in a randomized controlled trial.

Effectiveness and Applicability of Self-Management Peer Coaching in the Continuity of Diabetes Care

The goal of this 2-year research project was to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of telephone peer coaching for persons with type 2 diabetes. It involved a partnership between a university and 11 diabetes centers. One hundred nine persons with type 2 diabetes or who were familiar with type 2 diabetes (e.g., family members) were trained as coaches and learned how to use self-management behavioral change strategies and to navigate the healthcare system. Diabetes educators recruited 115 adults with type 2 diabetes who were experiencing difficulty managing. Coaches and subjects were paired, and over a 6-month period, coaches telephoned subjects once each week and engaged in a 30 minute conversation focusing on managing their condition, their medications and on their family and work life. Both coaches and subjects completed questionnaires at baseline, and at 6 and 12 months. A one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to investigate change with 14 measures. To investigate the peer coaching process, a grounded theory qualitative analysis was conducted to obtain information on the coaching process. The analysis showed statistically significant improvements between baseline and 12 months, namely: A1c (-9%), patient activation (+15%), depression (-24%), self-efficacy (+23%), communication with health care professionals (+23%), and diabetes empowerment (+10%). Further analysis found that these results were not influenced by covariates of age, gender, number of chronic health conditions and education level. The main themes found in the qualitative study which contributed to participant improvements were: learning self-management skills, personal accountability, encouragement, finding resources, and the boundary between the coach and participant. This pilot “pragmatic” study demonstrated that peer coaches are acceptable to clinicians and clients and have an important role in the continuity of care for persons experiencing diabetes. Disclosure P. McGowan: None.

Abstract P3-11-02: Women's experiences with a decision aid for neoadjuvant systemic therapy for operable breast cancer

Abstract P3-11-02: Women's experiences with a decision aid for neoadjuvant systemic therapy for operable breast cancer

Developing an Antiracist Stance: How White Youth Understand Structural Racism

This qualitative study explored how White youth understand structural racism on an abstract and personalized level and the process of developing these understandings. Structural racism encompasses both institutional racism and the broader effects of racism embedded within social structures. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 16 White youth in seventh or eighth grade in a suburban school. Grounded theory qualitative analysis indicated that developing structural racism understanding for White youth involved a process of (a) developing an initial understanding of the existence and meaning of structural racism, (b) reflecting on this awareness independently and with others, (c) developing emotional connections to these issues (sympathy), (d) developing perspective taking skills and empathy, and (e) engaging and struggling with one’s identity as a White person. Results also provided support for the importance of parental racial socialization practices and multicultural antibias education in the process of developing structural racism understanding for White youth.