Quaker Periodicals Research Articles

Articles in Quaker Periodicals

Articles in Quaker Periodicals

Two Early Political Associations: the Quakers and the Dissenting Deputies in the Age of Sir Robert Walpole. By N. C. Hunt. Pp. xvi + 232. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1961. 30s. - The Second Period of Quakerism. By the late William C. Braithwaite, 2nd edition prepared by Henry J. Cadbury. Pp. xxxvi + 736. London: Cambridge University Press, 1961. 30s.

Two Early Political Associations: the Quakers and the Dissenting Deputies in the Age of Sir Robert Walpole. By N. C. Hunt. Pp. xvi + 232. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1961. 30s. - The Second Period of Quakerism. By the late William C. Braithwaite, 2nd edition prepared by Henry J. Cadbury. Pp. xxxvi + 736. London: Cambridge University Press, 1961. 30s.

The Second Period of Quakerism (review)

The Second Period of Quakerism (review)

Articles in Quaker Periodicals

Articles inQuakerPeriodicals By Lyman W. Riley Journal of the Friends' Historical Society "The Alexander Family's Discount Company" by Muriel F. Lloyd Prichard tells in some detail of the founding and long-successful career of this Quaker family concern. Begun in London in 1810, it lasted until 1911, at which time it became a public company. William Alexander (17691819 ) was the founder. — 49 (I960), 157-164. "A Bibliographical Note on Hannah Kilham's Linguistic Work" by P. E. H. Hair is a description of a pamphlet volume containing the rare pioneer grammars and vocabularies compiled by Hannah Kilham from 1818 to 1828. One is of the language of the American Seneca Indians, the others are of West African languages. — 49 (I960), 165-168. Seventeen men and women recorded in the 1959 volume of the Dictionary of National Biography were either Friends or had Quaker connections . Geoffrey Nuttall writes a note about each.—49 (I960), 168-169Publication of the A. R. Barclay MSS continues with letters from Ralph Fretwell, James Fletcher, and Adam Gouldney to George Fox, and Thomas Robertson's own account of his arrest in 1682 in a letter to Sarah Meade. — 49 (I960), 170-178. For her presidential address to the Friends' Historical Society Olive C. Goodbody tells of "Irish History and the Earliest Irish Friends," in particular two previously obscure men, Stephen Rich (d. 1667) and Nicholas Kempton (d. 1676). — 49 (1961), 187-204. Summarized in The Friend, Nov. 4, I960, pp. 1050-1052. Henry J. Cadbury prints a letter from Thomas B. Macaulay that defends Macaulay's own strictures on William Penn but refutes a charge against Penn's private morals — 49 (1961), 205-208. Richard E. Stagg presents an exhaustive study of "Friends' Queries and General Advices: A Survey of their Development in London Yearly Meeting , 1682-1860." AU alterations in the texts of Yearly and Quarterly Meeting queries are given, in the text of the article and in an appended list. — 49 (1961), 209-235. The Friend Maurice Creasey's presidential address to the Friends' Historical Society, " 'Inward' and Outward' ; A Study in Early Quaker Language," is given in summary. — Oct. 13, 1961, pp. 1334-1338. A note in Meeting for Sufferings minutes refers to the rediscovery of the graves of the wife and daughter of Daniel Wheeler in a burial ground near Leningrad, given by Czar Alexander I in recognition of Daniel 61 62Quaker History Wheeler's services in Russia from 1817 to 1840. — Oct. 13, 1961, pp. 1344-1345. Richenda Scott makes an extended review of the second edition of W. C. Braithwaite's The Second Period of Quakerism the occasion for some cogent remarks on Quaker tendencies, old and new. — Oct. 20, 27, Nov. 3, 10, 17, 24, 1961, pp. 1365-1367, 1397-1399, 1429-1432, 1464-1466, 1506-1509, 1535-1537. Friends Journal George Fox attended "A June Wedding at Newport" in 1672 during his visit to America. Letter from the Past No. 189 discloses that this was the marriage of Friends Joseph Bryer and Mary Gould. — Sept. 1, 1961, pp. 356-357. Letter from the Past No. 190 is called "George Fox was Here!" — "here" being Friedrichstadt, Germany. Fox visited a small group of Friends in this city during his trip to Holland and Germany in 1677. A meetinghouse was built the next year. — Oct. 1, 1961, pp. 395-396. "Rights and Privileges," Letter from the Past No. 191, points out that early Friends were stubbornly insistent on two points — they would not accept special concessions or pardons, and, on the other hand, they insisted on strict observance of their rights under law. — Feb. 1, 1962, p. 53. Letter from the Past No. 192 is on "Lincoln's Quaker Ancestors." It gives Abraham Lincoln's line back to marriages in Concord Meeting, Pennsylvania, in 1692 and 1713. — Feb. 15, 1962, pp. 73-74. Cecil B. Currey in discussing "Quaker Revivalism and the Peace Testimony " concludes that the evangelical emphasis left little room for the peace testimony and that, moreover, peace work was so often associated with a liberal theology that it became suspect. — Feb. 15, 1962, pp. 75-77. The Friends' Quarterly "A Story of Come-to-Good" by...

GENERAL

The Origin of English Place‐Names. By P. H. Reaney. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. 1960, x + 277 pp. 32s.English Plage‐Names. By Kenneth Cameron. London: Batsford. 1961. 256 pp. 30s.Frederick William Maitland And The History of English Law (University of Oklahoma Press. 1961. xvi + 214 pp. 32s.)A History of Lay Judges. By John P. Dawson. Harvard University Press: O.U.P. 1960, vi + 310 pp. 52s.English Religious Dissent (Cambridge University Press, 1960, viii + 214 pp. 18s.)The Parish of St. James Westminster, Part One: South of Piccadilly. With their separate folder of plans (The Athlone Press for the London County Council, 1960. 2 vols, xiii + xix + 646 pp., 277 pp. plates. £8 8s.)L'histoire et Ses Méthodes (Paris: Gallimard. 1961. 1771 pp.).English Ancestry (Oxford University Press. 1961. 176 pp. 6s.)The City In History (London: Seeker and Warburg. 1961. 657 pp. 70s.)Les Jésuites by Alain Guillermou (Paris: Presses Universitaires. 1961. 126 pp.)A. R. Stedman's Marlborough and The Upper Kennet Country (Marlborough. 1960. 398 pp.)Portrait of a College (Cambridge University Press. 1961. xi + 149 pp. 18s. 6d.).The Second Period of Quakerism (Cambridge University Press. 1961. xxxvi + 735 pp. 30s.)A History of Architecture on The Comparative Method, by Banister Fletcher, first published in 1896, has long been a standard work. The seventeenth edition has been extensively revised by R. A. Cordingley and is now published by the Athlone Press for the University of London (1961. xxiv + 1366 pp. illus. 84s.).The Town (London: Vista Books. 1961. 214 pp. 25s.)Interpretations of History: Confucius to Toynbee (London: Allen and Unwin. 1961. 260 pp. 28s.)

Articles in Quaker Periodicals

128Bulletin of Friends Historical Association Articles in Quaker Periodicals By Lyman W. Riley Friends Journal Mary Sullivan Patterson, in "Rescuing the Caleb Pusey House," tells something of the life of this early Friend who lived near what is now Chester, Pa. William Penn was a frequent visitor at his home. — April 1, 1961, pp. 138-139. Letter from the Past No. 187 refers to attempts to defend the pastoral system in Quakerism and to cite Fox, Penn, and Barclay as supporters of participation in war, as "Bending History to Suit the Present." — May 15, 1961, pp. 209-210. "New England Yearly Meeting Celebrates Tercentenary" by George A. Selleck tells briefly of the first general meeting of American Friends at Newport, Rhode Island, in June, 1661. — June 1, 1961, pp. 231-232. (See also Quaker Life, June, 1961, pp. 160-161). Mary Hoxie Jones tells this same story in much more detail in "The Standard of the Lord Lifted Up." — June 15, 1961, pp. 254-256. "Liberty Bell — Quaker Relic" is Letter from the Past No. 188. The famous bell was ordered from England in 1751 by a Friend, Isaac Norris II, Speaker of the (Quaker) Assembly. He chose its inscription to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of William Penn's charter of 1701. — July 1, 1961, p. 274. J. C. Long, in "George III, a Friend of Friends," writes of the respect this unfortunate monarch had for Quaker doctrine. He knew some Friends well, including Patience Wright, Thomas Shillitoe, and the Barclay family. — July 1, 1961, pp. 274-275. Journal of the Friends' Historical Society "The Trial of Thomas Salthouse and Miles Halhead" at Plymouth in 1655 is described in detail by A. D. Selleck. He prints verbatim much of the evidence presented in court.—XLIX (I960), 137-147. Alfred W. Braidiwaite contributes a comprehensive discussion of "Early Tithe Prosecutions: Friends as Outlaws." He describes the cumbersome legal procedures needed to collect tithes from Friends. These, sometimes aggravated by personal vindictiveness, greatly increased their sufferings. The case of William Moxon, who was imprisoned for twenty-two years, is given through a paper he himself wrote in 1684.—XLIX (I960), 148-156. Quaker Ufe Arthur O. Roberts outlines "The Beliefs of George Fox" as they relate to Christ, revelation, perfection, and the church. — Feb., 1961, pp. 32-34. ...

Articles in Quaker Periodicals

Articles in Quaker Periodicals By Lyman W. Riley The Friend "Journey into 1817" is a brief description by Kathleen Binns of the diary of David Binns (b. 1799), written while he was apprenticed to his uncle in Sunderland. It covers the years 1817 to 1824 and has considerable mention of Quaker doings of the time.—Sept. 2, I960, pp. 1185-1186. Vera N. Massey writes on "James Naylor" — not so much a discussion of his life as an interpretation of his spirit, achievement, and legacy for later Friends.—Oct. 21, I960, pp. 1405-1406; Oct. 28, I960, pp. 14531454 ; Nov. 4, I960, pp. 1493-1495. The Friends' Quarterly Andrew W. Brink traces "Early Influences in the Development of Isaac Penington." Among them were the "bizarre" character of his father, Alderman and Lord Mayor, and the instability of the rest of his family, of whom three became religious extremists and a fourth lived a life of immorality. These and ottier influences led him to withdraw from the world.—Oct., 1959, pp. 180-192. "An English View of American Friends in 1860" by Opal Thornburg is a discussion of William Tallack's Friendly Sketches in America (London , 1861). This English Friend had some wise and witty things to say about American Quakerism, including comments about Earlham College. Rather unusual for that day was his friendly attitude toward Hicksites. — April, I960, pp. 276-281. Vera N. Massey recounts in "Living with History" her- experience in writing a play about James Nayler. She outlines his life and interprets him as "everything to be looked for in a tragic figure."—-July I960, pp. 305-315. In "The Welsh Settlers in Pennsylvania: An Experiment in Communal Living," Evelyn S. Whiting describes the sufferings of Welsh Friends, their misunderstandings and disappointments that came after their arrangements with William Penn for a "Welsh Tract" in Pennsylvania, but also the happy, substantial community they established near Philadelphia.—July I960, pp. 325-336. "A Story of Come-to-Good" refers to the meeting of that name in Cornwall. Harry Pallett uses meeting records and other papers to tell something of early Friends in Cornwall; special mention is made of the Stephens family—January 1961, pp. 408-416. Journal of the Friends' Historical Society Henry J. Cadbury reports an "Early Use of the Word 'Quaker' " in 62 Articles in Quaker Periodicals63 a document dated 1640, ten years before the generally accepted date of the first appearance of the term. The date 1640 is probably a misreading for 1670, but the author then refers to another early use, a reference to Quakers in a letter of 1647. No evidence has turned up to show this to be an erroneous date.—XLIX (1959), 3-5. "Elizabeth Bevan Tonjoroff (1847-1907)" was not born a Friend but joined an English- meeting in 1883, after eleven years in Bulgaria and marriage to a prominent Protestant Bulgarian. The Tonjoroffs carried on active work in missions and in relief during more than one Balkan war, established a hospital, and agitated for prison reform. A committee of English Friends tried to raise money for their projects but without much success. After more than thirty years of labor in her adopted country , Elizabeth Tonjoroff returned to England for health reasons about 1905 and died two years later. Ormerod Greenwood has written this account of a remarkable but little-known woman, gathered from the scanty sources available.—XLIX (1959), 7-23. Some early Friends made use of "technical flaws in the legal documents under which they were indicted" to escape conviction. This seemingly unscrupulous method is carefully examined by Alfred W. Braithwaite in " 'Errors in the Indictment' and Pardons: The Case of Theophilus Green." In the seventeenth century a defendant had much less chance to refute evidence against him than he has today. Many times errors in the indictment were his only effective weapon. Green, who was tried in 1671, used this method, and his defence is here outlined in detail. Some examples of Friends' scruples against pardons are added. These did not seem to be common, however ; George Fox, for instance, at one time refused a pardon, at another time accepted one.—XLIX (1959), 24-30. "Ellwood's Davideis...

The Second Period of Quakerism

The Second Period of Quakerism

Articles In Quaker Periodicals

Articles In Quaker Periodicals By Lyman W. Riley The American Friend "Quaker Meeting in Dixie" is an account written in 1863 by an Earlham College student, Susan Walker, of Waterford, Virginia. It tells of a meeting for worship held at Fairfax Meeting, Virginia, attended also by Confederate soldiers who were using the meetinghouse as an encampment. —Jan. 25, I960, p. [32]. Lucy Carner writes of "Jane Addams and the Society of Friends" in honor of the 100th anniversary of the great social worker's birth. There were a few official relationships, including a trip to Germany with American Friends Service Committee personnel in 1919. More significant, however, were "a kinship of spirit and of outlook on life, a shared conviction about war and about 'the things that make for peace'."—Feb. 8, 1960, pp. 37-38. Selected from a story appearing in the Gramercy Graphic of New York City are items of information about the building of the meetinghouse of Twentieth Street Meeting in 1859·—May 16, I960, p. [160]. Willard Heiss gives a list of available records of some Indiana meetings deposited in the vault of Indiana Yearly Meeting and at the Indiana State Historical Society.—June 13, I960, p. [192]. The Friend Leslie Gilbert in "John Bright and the Factory Acts" defends Bright against the charge of callousness and inconsistency arising from the Quaker statesman's opposition to the Factory Acts. He points out that Bright was not defending long working hours but the freedom of employer and employee to determine the length of the working day without state interference . Free trade and absence of state interference (which the Manchester Liberals equated with privilege) would, he believed, bring higher wages and shorter working hours.—Feb. 12, I960, pp. 197-198. Friends Journal Letter from the Past No. 181 is about two "Mementoes of John Woolman." "Now and Then" first describes the old schoolhouse in Mt. Holly in which Woolman probably taught. He then prints, for the first time, a letter of Woolman to Chesterfield Monthly Meeting, a characteristic apology for not keeping "low enough" in his mind in his ministry.— Feb. 27, I960, pp. 136-137. 127 128Bulletin of Friends Historical Association "First Friends in Florida," Letter from the Past No. 182, retells the story of God's Protecting Providence, Jonathan Dickinson's account of Friends and others who, in 1696, after shipwreck, made their way from the Florida coast to Charleston, South Carolina.—March 19, I960, p. 184. Letter from the Past No. 183 is called "The End of Another Schismatic ," one Charles Bayly, "heretic" in early Quakerism. After presumably leaving Friends, he traveled to Canada, serving the Hudson Bay Company for a decade as its first governor. He died in England in 1680.—April 30, I960, pp. 281-282. Letter from the Past No. 184, citing an article published in 1910, suggests that the site of the hanging of Mary Dyer and her companions in 1659-1660 may not be Boston Common, as tradition has held, but a place a mile away from the Common.—May 28, 1960, pp. 346-347. The Friends' Quarterly T. Canby Jones in "George Fox's Belief in the Trinity" shows by Fox's own words that, although he rejected belief in the Trinity as a creedal statement and spoke little of "God the Father" but much of Christ and the Holy Spirit, he was in fact a "practical trinitarian." Especially in his writings addressed to the heathen he refers in explicit terms to all three Persons, Father, Son, and Spirit.—July, 1959, pp. 112-117. Northwest Friend A major publishing effort, well executed, is the Special Centennial Edition, Vol. XXXIX, No. 5 (July 1959, 36 pages, illustrated). In article after article it tells the story of each phase of development of Quakerism in Oregon since the day in November 1859 when two Friends, Robert and Sarah Lindsay, carrying a minute for service from London Yearly Meeting, arrived in Portland. Later evangelists and setders followed. A Yearly Meeting was formed. A college, schools, and foreign missions were all undertaken by Friends. The bibliography shows that much unpublished as well as published material has been used. Quaker Religious Thought The first issue...

Articles in Quaker Periodicals

Articles in Quaker Periodicals By Lyman W. Riley The American Friend In July 1959, a statue of Mary Dyer designed by Sylvia Shaw Judson was erected on the State House grounds in Boston. George A. Selleck reviews the story of her martyrdom, and a picture of the statue appears as the cover of this issue—August 10, 1959, pp. 244-245. A similar report and illustration appear in the Friends Journal.—Aug. 8, 1959, pp. 444-446. A note by Margaret Köhler, of Surrey, England, quotes the minute which transferred the membership of four minor children of Morris Birkbeck from Guildford Meeting, England, to Whitewater Meeting, Illinois, in 1818.—Aug. 24, 1959, p. [272]. Recorded is an incident revealing the conscientious scruples of Dr. Edward Robinson Squibb, founder of E. R. Squibb and Sons, against excessive profits from the sale of land.—Oct. 19, 1959, p. [336]. The Friend The Coalbrookdale Company, Shropshire, was 250 years old in 1959. In 1709 the first successful smelting of iron with coke took place in these works. Information about the important achievements of the company and about its founders and long-time proprietors, the Darby family, is provided by Arthur Raistrick.—Sept. 4, 1959, pp. 993-995. L. Hugh Doncaster in "The Boston Martyrs. A Tercentenary," reviews and comments on the events leading to the execution of four Friends in Boston in 1659-1660.—Oct. 30, 1959, pp. 1269-1271. Friends Journal "Donne and Fox on Women's Souls" (Letter from the Past No. 178) is a comment on a statement from George Fox's fournal and on like expressions of his near-contemporary, John Donne.—Aug. 22, 1959, p. 462. Letter from the Past No. 179, "Peter and Nikita," outlines the contacts between Friends and Czar Peter I of Russia who in 1698, like Premier Khruschev in 1959, visited the West (in this case England and Holland). —Oct. 10, 1959, pp. 538-539. On the occasion of the tercentenary of the hanging of four Quakers in Boston, Letter from the Past No. 180 mentions other places "Where the Martyrs Died"—Anabaptists under Zwinglians, Servetus under Calvin, and various political martyrs of our own day and earlier.—Oct. 24, 1959, pp. 569-570. 63 ...

Articles in Quaker Periodicals

Articles in Quaker Periodicals

Articles in Quaker Periodicals

Articles in Quaker Periodicals By Lyman W. Riley The American Friend The merging of Nebraska Central College, Central City, Nebraska, with William Penn College, Oskaloosa, Iowa, is the occasion for a brief review of the history of Nebraska Central, mentioning some of its benefactors , teachers, and alumni. The article is contributed by J. Evelynn Schutz.—Oct. 30, 1958, pp. 343-344. From the Journal of Negro History, January 1947, there is reprinted a letter from a Philadelphia Friend, Joseph Drinker, pleading for more racial justice on the part of Philadelphia Yearly Meeting.—Dec. 11, 1958, p. 396. The Friend Ruth G. Burtt gives a "Salute to Our Ancestors," which, unexpectedly, is a tribute to their artistic tastes. The article is a description of the household possessions of four Quaker families of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.—August 22, 1958, pp. 1062-1063. "The Lake Poets and Their Circle: Friendships Among Quakers" by Elsie Whitehurst describes briefly the relationships between Wordsworth, Coleridge, and Lamb and Friends Thomas Wilkinson, Charles and Robert Lloyd, the Savoury family of Pentonville, and Bernard Barton; also, Catherine Clarkson (wife of Thomas) , not a Friend but closely associated with the Society.-—August 22, 1958, pp. 1070-1072. For Beatrice Saxon Snell "A Buried Treasure" is a letter of Benjamin Cole of Reading, written from prison in 1675 to a minister in Reading. She quotes extensively from the letter, which defends the Quaker faith against its detractors and persecutors.—August 29, 1958, pp. 1101-1102. Friends fournal Letter from the Past No. 172 is called "Frustration in Site Seeking." It gives references to sources in a long controversy over the identification of John Woolman's two houses in Mt. Holly, N. J. and prints in full a newspaper item of 1883 which reports the burning of one of them in that year. It concludes, however, that the identification still "adds up to a big question mark."—June 28, 1958, pp. 411-412. A full note on the celebration of the 150th anniversary of the building of Byberry Meetinghouse, Philadelphia, contains much information about the Meeting's history.—June 28, 1958, pp. 413-414. Louise Osgood Koopman writes delightful anecdotes of her "Visits to Whittier and Amesbury Meeting" in the early 1870's.—July 12, 1958, pp. 427-428. 79 80Bulletin of Friends Historical Association A note on Paul Cuffee (1759-1817) by Zephaniah W. Pease is an excerpt from a pamphlet on Dartmouth, Mass., history published in 1932. —July 12, 1958, p. 429. Two of the greatest figures in English history, one in politics, the other in religion, happened to be contemporaries and met each other several times. Letter from the Past No. 174 comments on Oliver Cromwell and George Fox, and suggests that Friends need a new and somewhat more sympathetic understanding of Cromwell.—November 8, 1958, pp. 646-647. The Friends' Quarterly Robert C. Taylor writes of his great-great-grandfather, Henry Taylor (1737-1821), "A Quaker Seaman," describing some of his exciting adventures at sea and his determined efforts to have certain lights placed at danger spots along the coast of England. The article is based on Captain Taylor's Memoirs, published in 1811.—October 1958, pp. 170-176. Journal of the Friends' Historical Society In "James Nayler's 'Last Words' " Ormerod Greenwood presents evidence from pamphlets printed in 1660 which tends to show that the famous deathbed utterances were actually Nayler's, and that the longer version, based on a 1678 publication by Robert Rich, is the more likely one.—48 (1958), 199-203. Roger Thomas describes seven "Letters of William Penn and Richard Baxter," two of them unpublished. The letters were written in 1675 and refer to a debate between the two on October 5 of that year. Another letter is cited to point to the possibility of a meeting between the two during 1674.—48 (1958), 204-207. Isabel Ross writes of "A Newly-Found Quaker Friend of Wordsworth: William Bennett (1804-73)." She quotes from a manuscript by Bennett that tells of visits made to Wordsworth in 1846. It not only describes the poet's appearance and manner, but also records his comments on the Society of Friends.—48 (1958), 209...

Articles in Quaker Periodicals

Articles in Quaker Periodicals By Lyman W. Riley The Friend Margaret M. Harvey writes a discerning "Re-assessment of John Greenleaf Whittier," calling him "a great Quaker and a very sensitive spirit" who made a great contribution to the development of contemporary Quakerism; at the same time she offers some criticism of the poetic forms of his message and the "cloying quality" of his hymns.—Dec. 27, 1957, pp. 1203-1205. George W. Edwards contributes a brief note on the founding of Haddonfield , New Jersey, on property owned by John Haddon of Horslydown Meeting but settled by his daughter Elizabeth.—Feb. 28, 1958, p. 264. Friends Journal In "William Edmondson in County Cavan, Ireland," Caroline N. Jacob tells of the establishment of a Quaker settlement there and relates some incidents of the ministry and suffering of William.—Dec. 21, 1957, pp. 826-827. Letter from the Past No. 168 is about "The Flushing Remonstrance, 1657," the defence of Friends by the citizens of Flushing, Long Island, against Governor Stuyvesant. A stamp celebrating the tercentenary of the Remonstrance is illustrated.—Jan. 4, 1958, p. 10. "First Quakers in Pennsylvania and New Jersey, 1658" were Josiah Cole and Thomas Thurston who travelled the unexplored territory between Virginia and New England at a time when persecution in New England was severe and access by sea was impossible. Edmund Goerke relates the story of these courageous Friends who met more love and sympathy among the Indians than among the whites.—Feb. 8, 1958, pp. 86-87. Frederick B. Tolles describes "Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, 1758," which was "stirred by the prophetic voice of John Woolman" to urge all Friends to free their slaves.—April 26, 1958, pp. 259-260. Letter from the Past No. 171 is entitled "Robert Barclay's 'Secret'." In it "Now and Then" commends Barclay on three points: (1) his Apology confines itself to matters distinctive to Quakerism, (2) he speaks from experience, not from theory, (3) he uses as a key word, "secret," referring to the interior, vital part of religion.—May 31, 1958, pp. 349-350. Journal of the Friends' Historical Society John M. Douglas' 1955 Presidential Address to the Friends' Historical Society is on "Early Quakerism in Ireland"; he treats in considerable 122 Articles in Quaker Periodicals123 detail a number of aspects of the first dozen years of Irish Quakerism, from both published and unpublished sources.—-48 (1956), 3-32. W. Allen Cole contributes an article on "The Social Origin of the Early Friends," based on the registers of births, deaths, and especially, marriages. The results are tabulated by area, including Lancashire, Gloucestershire and Wiltshire, Buckinghamshire, Bristol, and London and Middlesex. The author analyzes these data and concludes that, from this incomplete record, during their first forty years Friends were more apt to be tradesmen or craftsmen than agriculturalists (although one-half of the early Quaker leaders came from the land), to be engaged in industry than in commerce, and to be in the textile industry than in any other. Also, very few "gentlemen" and almost no "proletarians" became Friends.—48 (1957), 99-118. An editorial note refers to the founding of a meeting in "Bishopricke" (County Durham), in 1653, and gives some information contributed by Amy Wallis about Anthony Pearson, a leader among these Friends, but who later left the Society.—48 (1957), 119-122. An installment of the "A. R. Barclay MSS" contains letters by Francis Howgill, John Story, Thomas Stacy, Thomas Aldam, Thomas and Joan Killam, William Ames, John Camm, John Whitehead, Marmaduke Storr, Edward Bourne, William Bingley, to Margaret Fell, George Fox, Richard Farnsworth, George Whitehead, Josiah Cole, and Lieutenant General Lambert. There is also a note dated 1654 concerning Robert Barwick.— 48 (1957), 123-139. Ormerod Greenwood edits a letter of John Woolman to Susanna Lightfoot, hitherto unpublished. He introduces the letter with a sketch of Susanna Lightfoot's life. Woolman writes words of encouragement to the woman minister, apparently in response to an expression of despair from her.—48 (1957), 147-156. Grace B. Sherrer presents "New Evidence of Francis Mercury Van Helmont's Relations with the Quakers." She gives the record of his investment in the Box Meeting Fund during the period...

Articles in Quaker Periodicals

Articles in Quaker Periodicals By Lyman W. Riley The American Friend George Minnott reviews briefly "Jamaica's Quaker Heritage," which began with the arrival on the island of fifty-five Friends in 1665.—Oct. 31, 1957, p. 253. In "Whittier—American Quaker Prophet" J. Floyd Moore gives in outline the story of Whittier's life and describes his significance for present-day Quaker faith and action.—Nov. 28, 1957, pp. 376-378. Friends Journal John Hobart's purpose in "Holy Writ and Quaker Witness" is to trace the place of the Bible in the life of Friends from 1650 to the present. He cites Fox, Barclay, Isaac Crewdson, Abraham Shackleton, Penn, and Henry J. Cadbury.—June 29, 1957, pp. 420-421; July 6, 1957, pp. 436-437. Letter from the Past No. 163 is "Friends and Mayflower I"; it explodes three mistaken notions—that the Pilgrims wore Quaker dress, that Pilgrims persecuted Friends, and that the hull of the Mayflower was used to build the barn at Jordans.—July 20, 1957, p. 472. Frederick B. Tolles describes two documents pertaining to "Quaker Objectors to Loyalty Oaths in 1778"; six Pennsylvania Friends were imprisoned at Lancaster for refusing to swear an oath of allegiance to the Commonwealth.—July 27, 1957, pp. 487-488. The conception of "Christ in Early Quakerism" was, according to a short, solid article by Maurice A. Creasey, a "comprehensive" one, with both a "particular and universal, historical and mystical emphasis."— Oct. 5, 1957, pp. 644-645. "The Quaker Approach to the Apocrypha" (Letter from the Past No. 164) was that of generally ignoring the books even when not worrying much about the correctness of the canon. Luke Howard, however, in 18271829 , translated some of the Apocrypha as part of his Bible translations.— Oct. 12, 1957, pp. 660-661. C. Marshall Taylor notes that one of Whittier's best known poems was written as a protest against creeds; "Whittier and 'The Eternal Goodness' " —Oct. 12, ^957, pp. 661-662. Frederick B. Tolles writes of "William Penn's Frame of Government," pointing especially to his Whiggism and, even more important, his Quakerism as the sources for his liberal constitution for Pennsylvania. The 62 Articles in Quaker Periodicals63 article is part of The Witness of William Penn, edited by Frederick B. Tolles and E. Gordon Alderfer.—Oct. 19, pp. 676-677. Wilmer A. Cooper takes "Another Look at Rufus M. Jones"; he describes, critically as well as appreciatively, this influential Friend's views on religious mysticism, ethics, reason, Christ, and the history of the Society of Friends.—Oct. 26, 1957, pp. 692-693. Letter from the Past No. 165, "The Call to Theologize," emphasizes the fact that for early Friends theology was strictly the verbalization of immediate, personal experience.—Nov. 2, 1957, pp. 711-712. A note on "The New Penn Portraits"—of William and Hannah Penn by Francis Place (1647-1728)—is accompanied by reproductions of both. Nov. 9, 1957, p. 728. Florence L. Sanville includes in "The Cross at Little Thakeham Meeting (The Blue Idol')" some conjectural explanation for the odd nickname of this, William Penn's own meeting.—Nov. 16, 1957, pp. 743-744. Howard H. Brinton publishes part of a letter (1826) of Edward Stabler which well expresses the Quaker concept of proper reform activity: "A Concern for the Oppressor."—Nov. 16, 1957, pp. 744-745. The "Three Earlham Halls" described in Letter from the Past No. 166 are the home of Elizabeth Gurney Fry and Joseph John Gurney in England, and two women's residences (one now demolished) at Earlham College, Richmond, Indiana.—Nov. 30, 1957, p. 777. On a date near the 150th anniversary of John Greenleaf Whittier's birth most of an issue is devoted to the Quaker poet: "Collecting Whittieriana " by C. Marshall Taylor; "Whittier's Quakerly Use of the Bible," Letter from the Past No. 167; "Whittier, Quaker Liberal and Reformer" by Howard W. Hintz; "Most Winning Spokesman of the Moral Life" by Anna Brinton. Excerpts from some of his poems are included.—Dec. 7, 1957. Caroline N. Jacob tells the story of "William Edmondson and Ireland's First Quaker Meeting."—Dec. 7, 1957, pp. 788-790. The Friends' Quarterly In...

Articles in Quaker Periodicals

Articles in Quaker Periodicals By Lyman W. Riley Friends fournal Letter from the Past No. 159 is called "In the State of Denmark" and refers to an English Friend, John Hall, who visited Copenhagen in 1658. —Jan. 12, 1957, pp. 21-22. Bliss Forbush in "A Birthday Established" cites the evidence that proves the birth date of Elias Hicks to have been March 19, 1748.—Jan. 19, 1957, p. 38. A brief outline of the history of Cheltenham Monthly Meeting, Pa., as originally presented by William T. Llewellyn is summarized by Edwin B. Bronner.—Jan.26, 1957, pp. 55-56. "Now and Then" compares the "Evidence of Membership Then and Now" in his Letter from the Past No. 160, considerably to the benefit of the earlier kinds of evidence, before formal listings of membership in the Society were made.—March 9, 1957, pp. 150-151. "Friends First or Farthest South," Letter from the Past No. 161, refers to Quakers in South Africa, the Antarctic, and the South Pacific.— May 11, 1957, pp. 310-311. In "A Quaker College in 1814?" Frederick B. Tolles describes the correspondence between John Comly of Byberry, Pa., and Isaac Hicks of Long Island in which they tell of Friends' interest in the establishment of a college at about that date.—May 18, 1957, pp. 327-328. The Friends' Quarterly L. Hugh Doncaster throws light on "The Significance of the Advices and Queries" by giving their history in clear and summary fashion, showing how they have reflected the developing "corporate concern" of the Society, generation by generation.—Jan., 1957, pp. 1-7. In "George Fox: Healing and Spiritual Regeneration" Joseph Pickvance says "for the early Friends healing was simply a part ... of a complete Christian ministry to the individual." He gives examples from the writings of Fox and Nayler.—Jan., 1957, pp. 8-19. In "The Later Years of Catharine Phillips" A. G. K. Leonard gives in outline the history of this traveling Friend of the eighteenth century and the titles of some of her published works.—April, 1957, pp. 91-94. 127 ...

Articles in Quaker Periodicals

Articles in Quaker Periodicals

Articles In Quaker Periodicals

Articles In Quaker Periodicals By Lyman W. Riley Friends Journal Royal F. Shepard, Jr., gives a brief interpretation of the eleventh chapter of Robert Barclay's Apology, calling it "A Forgotten Classic of Devotion."—Feb. 4, 1956, pp. 68-69. "The Brinton Country," by Howard H. Brinton contains his remarks at the dedication of the 1704 Brinton House in Delaware County, Pa., built by William Brinton, first of many Brintons of the area.—Feb. 11, 1956, pp. 84-86. Letter from the Past No. 156 is called "How Old Was Hannah?" The records of Bristol Monthly Meeting show the birth of two Hannah Callowhills, one born 1664, the other 1671; "Now and Then" concludes that it was probably the latter who married William Penn.—April 21, 1956, pp. 245-246. Letter from the Past No. 157 is devoted to "The Quakerishness of Benjamin Franklin"; it mentions Franklin's Nantucket Quaker ancestor and discusses with appreciation his moral earnestness which was perhaps influenced by Quakerism.—June 9, 1956, pp. 359-360. The Friends' Quarterly An interesting sketch of the life and work of "George Edmondson (1798-1863)," Quaker schoolmaster, deals principally with his experiments in combining training for practical pursuits with academic studies. At Queenwood College, which he acquired from Robert Owen, he pioneered in the laboratory method of teaching science.—Jan., 1956, pp. 24-29. "An Appreciation of Friends' Work in Madagascar" is an excerpt from a book on the island written in 1877 by the Reverend Lars Dahle of the Norwegian Missionary Society. It is here translated by Kari Mason. A typical quotation is: "The Quakers are furthest from us on theological grounds [but] they are nearest of all to us as fellow men."—April, 1956, pp. 61-64. The Journal of the Friends' Historical Society An editorial note describes in some detail thirty unrecorded letters written by Thomas Story to his wife Ann from 1702 to 1709.—45 (1953), 95-97. William H. Marwick, in "Friends in Nineteenth Century Scotland," contributes much information, especially about individual Friends. He 127 128Bulletin of Friends Historical Association discusses the organization of the General Meeting, travelling ministers, and Friends in industry and public life, and sketches the history of several local meetings.—46 (1954), 3-18. John Sturge Stephens writes an interesting appreciation of "Nathaniel Morgan of Ross," (1775-1854), an active and progressive Friend, pacifist, and social reformer.—46 (1954), 19-27. Henry J. Cadbury's note, "Ex Libris Margaret Fox," describes a volume of Quaker pamphlets belonging successively to Margaret Fox, John Abraham, Elizabeth Shipley, Nicholas Wain, Roberts Vaux, and the Library Company of Philadelphia.—46 (1954), 28-29. "Two German Views on Quakers" are published by W. D. RobsonScott , one by Ferdinand Albrecht, Duke of Brunswick, who gives a general account of Quaker worship and belief, the other by Christlob Mylius who describes a visit to the meeting in Gracechurch Street, London.—46 (1954), 30-32. Marek Waysblum translates a brief but discerning eye-witness account of "Elizabeth Fry at Newgate, 1820," written by Charles Sienkiewicz, a Polish visitor to England.—46 (1954), 33-34. "A Spanish Officer among the Quakers" was Francisco de Miranda, a Venezuelan who toured the United States in 1783-1784. These excerpts from his diary tell of meeting Quakers in North Carolina, Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island; he attended meetings for worship in Philadelphia and Newport—46 (1954), 35-37. John Hodgson, Quaker author of a pamphlet against the Protectorate , may have later enlisted in the army in the interest of political order. Alan Cole discusses this possibility in an article called "The Peace Testimony in 1659."—46 (1954), 48-52. Ruth G. Burtt tells of the development of "The Quaker Marriage Declaration" which is, with minor changes, that of the Puritans published by direction of the Long Parliament in 1645.—46 (1954), 53-59. In "George Keith to Henry More" Henry J. Cadbury publishes, with an extensive note, a letter in which Keith disclaims responsibility for the rumor prevalent at the University of Aberdeen that More had turned Quaker.—46 (1954), 59-63. A note on "Penn and His Printer" tells of a Public Record Office document referring to the imprisonment of John Darby...

Articles In Quaker Periodicals

Articles In Quaker Periodicals By Lyman W. Riley University of Pennsylvania Library The American Friend "A Century and a Half at West Elkton" speaks of the sesquicentennial of Elk Monthly Meeting in Indiana. Philip Johnson gives a digest of the Meeting history as written by A. T. Maddock.—Sept. 8, 1955, pp. 286-287. The Friend (London) Opal Thornburg, in "When Joseph John Visited Indiana Y.M.," writes entertainingly of Joseph John Gurney's travels in America in 1837. Included are a sketch of Gurney and one of Indiana Yearly Meeting in 1844, both by Marcus Mote, contemporary Quaker artist—March 25, 1955, pp. 297-300. Maurice J. Wigham writes "A Letter from Ireland" commenting on three old Quaker businesses, in particular that of Jonathan Pim (d. 1885) in Dublin.—April 1, 1955, pp. 334-335. Another illustrated article on English Friends in America by Opal Thornburg is "Quaker Visitants to Richmond (Indiana) in 1844-45." She relates amusing and revealing stories about John Pease, William and Josiah Forster, George Stacey, and John Allen.—April 22, 1955, pp. 394-396. To a special issue on "Friends and Mental Nursing" Marione Garrod contributes an article on the history of The Retreat, a mental institution founded largely through the efforts of William Tuke; "The Story Unfolds: 1796 to 1955."—April 29, 1955, pp. 423-425. Five brief articles entitled "Diversities of Gifts" reproduce Ormerod Greenwood's B.B.C, talks of May 1955. In them he tells something of the significant qualities in the lives of John Roberts, Pierre Ceresole, William and Esther Tuke, Stephen Grellet, Hannah Whitall Smith, and John Wilhelm Rowntree.—July 1, 1955, pp. 669-670; July 8, 1955, pp. 691-692; July 15, 1955, pp. 709-710; July 22, 1955, pp. 727-728; July 29, 1955, pp. 747-748; August 5, 1955, pp. 767-768. An article called "Stephen Grellet, 1773-1855" is an "impression of his life" and is written by L. Hugh Doncaster.—Nov. 18, 1955, pp. 10861088 . 60 Articles in Quaker Periodicals61 Friends Journal Letter from the Past No. 152 is called "Merging Traffic," referring to the union of the two Philadelphia Yearly Meetings in 1955. "Now & Then" mentions earlier momentous decisions by a united Philadelphia Yearly Meeting.—July 16, 1955, pp. 40-41. In "Western Exploration and Quaker Naturalists" Edward P. Thatcher gives considerable information about the nineteenth-century scientists Thomas Say, entomologist and apothecary, who accompanied the Long expedition of 1819-1820; John K. Townsend, ornithologist, who traveled with a private expedition in 1834; and John Cassin, ornithologist, who as a museum scientist classified the specimens gathered by the United States expeditions of 1838-1842 and 1856.—Sept. 10, 1955, pp. 164-166. "Susan B. Anthony, Quaker," honored in 1955 by a United States stamp representing her, is also the subject of Letter from the Past No. 153, wherein is related a delightful anecdote concerning both her naivete and wit.—Sept. 10, 1955, pp. 167-168. The article "Lucretia Mott—Quaker Saint or Heretic?" by Albert C. Schreiner reviews her religious beliefs and concludes that "in Lucretia Mott" saint and heretic "came very close to being one."—Sept. 17, 1955, pp. 183-184. "Early Years of Arch Street Meeting House" by Edwin B. Bronner is adapted from his paper delivered before the Friends Historical Association, November, 1954.—Sept. 24, 1955, pp. 199-201. Elwood Cronk, in "Judgment Day in Breeches," relates some incidents from the life of Benjamin Lay.—Oct. 8, 1955, pp. 229-230. Letter from the Past No. 154, "John Woolman's Testamentary Experiences ," comments on one of Woolman's common tasks, writing and witnessing wills. It was in connection with wills involving slaves that Woolman made public testimony against slavery.—Oct. 29, 1955, pp. 274, 282. Mary S. Patterson offers a rather extensive illustrated article on Quaker meetinghouses; she calls it "Housing for the Quaker Spirit."— Nov. 5, 1955, pp. 299-302. A piece of paper with words in George Fox's hand is called "A George Fox Puzzle," for it is only a fragment of a larger document; Frederick B. Tolles publishes it with notes on its provenience.—Nov. 12, 1955, p. 312. Howard Hayes provides a note on the...

Articles in Quaker Periodicals

Articles in Quaker Periodicals By Lyman W. Riley University of Pennsylvania Library The American Friend "The North Carolina Model Farm" was one of the projects of The Baltimore Association to Advise and Assist Friends of the Southern States during the difficult days of Reconstruction. Alice Paige White gives considerable information about its establishment and operation.—Jan. 13, 1955, pp. 7-8, 13. Alice Paige White contributes some "Notes on Negro Education Among North Carolina Friends". — June 30, 1955, pp. 205-206. The Friend (Philadelphia) "The Inspiring Friends Hospital Story" by William Sheppard includes the story of the founding, in 1813, of this Philadelphia institution for the mentally ill. — Feb., 17, 1955, pp. 261-263; March 31, 1955, pp. 311-313; April 28, 1955, pp. 342-344. Friends Intelligencer Edmund Goerke relates "An Incident from the life of John Banks" in which this Friend (born 1638) was healed through the spiritual ministrations of George Fox. — Oa. 30, 1954, pp. 600-601. Letter from the Past No. 149, "Destroyers of the Creation," refers to George Fox's condemnation of Cornwall wreckers, about 1660. — Jan. 8, 1955, p. 21. In "Whittier on Reformers" Frederick B. Tolles quotes from letters and poems in a collection of Whittier manuscripts in the Friends Historical Library of Swarthmore College. — Jan. 22, 1955, pp. 49-50. "Lincoln and the Quakers" (Letter from the Past No. 150) concerns a picture of twelve abolitionists, at least seven of whom were Friends, hanging in the Lincoln Museum in Washington, D.C. Contrary to report, Lincoln is not present in the picture. — Feb. 12, 1955, pp. 89-90. An additional note about the picture identifies an eighth Friend. — March 5,1955, p. 130. Alfons Pacquet (1881-1944), a German Quaker, wrote an interpretative essay on John Woolman. It is reprinted in an English translation by John R. Cary as "A Christian Figure: John Woolman".—March 6,1955, pp. 176-178. George W. Edwards has gathered much data on the first Quaker meetinghouse, "Bull and Mouth Meeting House, London, 1655," including the pre-Quaker history of the site and the probable origin of the name.— April 2, 1955, pp. 192-194. 127 128Bulletin of Friends Historical Association William Hordern briefly summarizes the writings of George Fox the Younger (d. l66l) as "A Forgotten Quaker Prophet." This George Fox advocated universal suffrage and economic justice and appealed to Charles II not to let his power corrupt righteouness. — April 23, 1955, pp. 237-239. Letter from the Past No. 151, "The End of a Schismatic," describes the career of John Perrott, originator of the "hat controversy" in early Quakerism. This account is occasioned by the discovery of Perron's will in Jamaica, where he died in 1665. — May 21, 1955, pp. 296-297. Henry J. Cadbury writes of "Friends and the Law," reviewing not Quaker disobedience to laws but the less familiar endeavors of Friends to prevent misuse of law against themselves and others. — June 4, 1955, pp. 320-323. The Friends' Quarterly "Wordsworth, His Circle, and the Quakers," by H. Rossiter Smith, gives considerable information about the Quaker farmer poet Thomas Wilkinson, friend of Wordsworth and Coleridge, and briefer notes on the Quaker interests of William Hazlitt, Robert Southey, and Charles Lamb.— April, 1954, pp. 117-128. Beatrice Saxon Sneil includes numerous interpretations of prayer by Friends both early and modern in her study, "Prayer in Quaker Experience ."— July, 1954, pp. 137-149. T. Canby Jones contributes a study of "George Fox's Understanding of Last Things."—Oct., 1954, pp. 194-206. "The Cartmel 'Book for Pious Uses' " is a manuscript book of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in Cartmel Meetinghouse. It contains copies of wills, trusts, and so forth, in connection with bequests to Swarthmore, Colthouse, and Height Meetings. Isabel Ross describes the contents of the book, notably the will of Lawrence Newton, dated 1676, and the documents concerning George Fox's gift of Swarthmore Meetinghouse to Friends. Among other documents are those of Thomas Rawlinson , George Knipe, and Samuel Satterthwaite.—Oct., 1954, pp. 245-256. "Fox's Openings" by Henry J. Cadbury discusses possible influences on George Fox's expressions of his religious experience. — Jan., 1955, pp. 4-7. The Journal of...

Articles in Quaker Periodicals

Articles in Quaker Periodicals By Lyman W. Riley University of Pennsylvania Library The Friend (London) "Father of Railway Time-Tables" was George Bradshaw (18011853 ). Bernard Canter contributes a note on a few of his activities not connected with the railways.—Sept. 11, 1953, p. 845. Henry J. Cadbury finds, in "John Wesley's Relations with Friends," both agreement and controversy. Wesley thought the Quietist Friends of his own time were lacking in religious fervor.—Sept. 11, 1953, pp. 851852 . In "Friends and the Threats to Civil Liberties" Henry J. Cadbury summarizes some of the civil-liberty problems early Friends faced and mentions the means they used to meet them.—Oct. 16, 1953, pp. 955-957. Doris N. Dalglish writes a note "In Memory of Amelia Opie" (17691853 ), English novelist and poet, who joined the Society of Friends in 1825.—Nov. 27, 1953, pp. 1071-1072. Henry J. Cadbury describes "The Scene of 'Fierce Feathers' " and prints the earliest known written account (1786) of this encounter between Friends and Indians, at Easton Meeting, New York, in 1777.—Dec. 11, 1953, pp. 1151-1152. In "Revised Views of Quaker Origins" Henry J. Cadbury, reviewing recent American studies of seventeenth-century England, suggests that studying early Quakerism in its milieu may change our understanding of its nature.—Jan. 1, 1954, pp. 5-7. "Centenary of a Quaker Mission to Russia," by L. Hugh Doncaster, tells of Joseph Sturge, Henry Pease, and Robert Charleton, who were appointed by the Meeting for Sufferings in 1853 to deliver an address to the czar of Russia in an attempt to avert war between Russia and Great Britain.—Jan. 15, 1954, pp. 41-43. "John Bellers (1654-1725)" was a man ahead of his time in his proposals of help for the poor and for a European congress of nations. A. Ruth Fry contributes this note on a man "typical of what a Quaker should be."—Feb. 5, 1954, pp. 97-98. A summary of an address by T. Canby Jones on "Jesus Christ in the Message of George Fox" concludes that for Fox Christ was transcendent Saviour rather than immanent Principle.—Mar. 26, 1954, pp. 262-263. "Thomas Shillitoe—Christian Eccentric (1754-1837)" by Beatrice Saxon Snell describes some of the personal characteristics of this traveling Friend as well as his effective religious work—Nov. 5, 1954, pp. 11111113 . 63 64Bulletin of Friends Historical Association Friends Intelligencer "The Quakers' Text" (Letter from the Past No.. 146) is John 1:9: "That was the true Light which lighteth every man that cometh into the world"; "Now and Then" reflects on its relation to the traditional Quaker doctrine of the Inner Light.—Aug. 7, 1954, p. 442. Emma H. Landon tells of a visit to Canada Yearly Meeting during which she worshiped in the old Yonge Street Meetinghouse, built 18081810 ; she gives the original minute from Philadelphia Yearly Meeting that established the Yonge Street Meeting in 1804.—Aug. 14, 1954, pp. 453454 . Letter from the Past No. 147 is on "Friends and the Healers"; it mentions two Friends who suffered from unidentified diseases: Anne, Viscountess of Conway, and John Greenleaf Whittier.—Sept. 11, 1954, p. 504. "Hurricanes and Steeplehouses" (Letter from the Past No. 148) includes the interesting speculation that the term "steeplehouse," for the early Friends, may not have been a term of opprobrium but merely the avoidance of the use of the word "church" for a building.—Sept. 25, 1954 pp. 530-531. The Friends' Quarterly Geoffrey F. Nuttall examines the relationship between "Early Quakerism and Early Primitive Methodism" as found in the lives and works of two Methodists, Hugh Bourne (1772-1852) and William Clowes (17801851 ).—July, 1953, pp. 179-187. "Friends' Relationship to the British and Foreign Bible Society in its Early Years" by L. Hugh Doncaster tells of individual Friends who played a part in founding the Society and in spreading its branches throughout England and other countries. The author concludes that Friends' association with the Bible Society helped to bring them out of their "introspection" and into active Christian citizenship.—October, 1953, pp. 208-222. In "Quakerism as a Weapon: Complex Irony in Voltaire," Macdonald Emslie carefully analyzes the language of the four...