Quad Copter Research Articles

The impact of curved-tip propeller geometry on hovering drone performance for air quality monitoring

The success or failure of a drone mission depend on several elements, including the drone’s mass and payload, the surrounding environment, the battery’s state, and the propulsion system’s performance. Several studies have been undertaken addressing the propeller performance of this final component, particularly for fixed-wing or quad copter drones with ducted propellers. However, the shape of propeller blades used on tiny civil drones has not drawn as much attention. In this research work, the performance characteristics of a 10 × 4.7-inch curved tip propeller were explored, with the Advanced Precision Composite drone propeller serving as a design reference. This study seeks an alternative to ducted propellers when mass or size limitations prevent their use. The Computational Fluid Dynamics model was confirmed by comparing simulation results to the experimental propeller data source established by the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, starting with a standard type propeller and using thrust coefficient as the key performance indicator. Moreover, the data analysis for the bended tip propeller replicating the well-established model, revealed the benefits as well as the drawbacks of such propellers on the mission profile and the battery lifespan of a quad copter Unmanned Air Vehicle.

Design and Analysis of Quad Copter Chassis Using Shape Optimization Technique

Abstract: Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are replacing many traditional methods ranging from simple play toys to critical defense operations. UAVs or drones that are the little flying machines are used in space, defense, food delivery, pest sprays for agriculture, consumer goods delivery, land-surveillance and the list goes on. However, the physics behind it demands a lesser weight for drone to fly high as lesser the weight, lesser is the power required to operate. In all the components that make up a drone, is the frame that is most important structure which holds and bears everything at place. So the material used for the drone frame plays a very crucial role for it should have a lesser mass but sufficient strength. In this work, frame is modeled taking into consideration, its sturdiness and stress analysis is conducted using Autodesk Fusion 360 software and compared for different materials of frames from plastics to metals and the design is shape optimized to meet the objective

Pitch propeller quad copter type X against thrust and voltage motor to support regional resilience

The small size of the quadcopter and the low inertia of the drone allows the use of a simple flight control system, with the practicality of the Quadcopter it is hoped that it can be used for disaster management so as to increase regional resilience. Quadcopters issued by the company cannot be changed. This research is done by assembling the quadcopter itself and making changes to the propeller pitch to determine the effect of thrust and thrust motor on a quadcopter type x. From the results of research and calculations carried out, the thrust produced with a 50o pitch angle is greater than the 43o pitch angle for each movement, so the greater the pitch angle, the greater the thrust generated by the propeller. . The voltage that enters each motor will be different depending on its movement. So, the greater the voltage that enters the brushless motor, the higher the rotation of the motor so that the thrust generated is also greater.

Development and Analysis of High Efficient Soundless Drone

Abstract: In the recent years, as interest in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) has increased, the development in the drone has an important technology for security and military applications. Various missions can be done using this system as it will help in the surveillance in unknown areas, forestry conservation, spying enemy territory. Application which is developed in this research has a purpose to simulate condition in war zone for spying the enemy. Following current trends towards UAV innovative design a small size light UAV quad copter system was design, assembled and tested in flight. The aim is to design a low cost structure and make it comparable with other more expensive. Keywords: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Rescue mission, design of drone Surveillance.

Design and Development of Surveillance Drone

Abstract: In recent years, as interest in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) has increased, the development in the unmanned has an important technology for military and security application. Various missions can be done using this system as it will help in the surveillance in unknown areas, forestry conservation, spying enemy territory. Application which is developed in this research has a purpose to simulate condition in war zone for spying the enemy. Following current trends towards UAV innovative design a small size light UAV quad copter system was design, assembled and tested in flight. The aim is to design a low cost structure and make it comparable with other more expensive. Keywords: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Rescue mission, design of drone Surveillance

Design, building and performance testing of GPS and computer vision combination for increasing landing precision of quad-copter drone

This paper discusses the effort proposed for increasing accuracy of autonomous landing of quadcopter on available landing pad by combining GPS and computer vision. The main objective of this work is to recognize and to capture image from landing pad and then used it for controlling quad-copter during landing mode along with global positioning systems (GPS). The work were including design and building hardware and software of quad-copter using commercially available instruments and then tested its autonomous landing performance on predetermined landing pad. The landing pad is in the form of 3 circles black and white with similar center point on it, i.e. the inner circle (the smallest one) has radius of 25 cm, The second inner circle (the middle circle) has radius of 60 cm and the outermost circle has radius of 100 cm. The landing pad image was captured in real time and then was processed by using Canny Edge detection method involving steps, i.e. converting RGB image to grayscale, removing noise by adding blur, finding contour of image and then finally using centroid method to get center coordinate of landing pad. Testing was carried out in the outdoor environment in the sunny-day condition. Flight test was done by comparing the precision of autonomous taking off landing of quad copter using GPS only and GPS combined with computer vision algorithm on altitude 5 meters. The test results showed that landing error of quad-copter by using GPS only was 199.2 centimeters in average from the centre point compared to 42.2 centrimeters when quad copter using combination of GPS and computer vision technique.

Detection of fire prone environment using Thermal Sensing Drone

Drones of various types are currently in great demand because of their flexible applications to facilitate human life. At acceptable constant quality levels, they can perform tasks in a repetitive manner. A drone is intended and built in the current work to evaluate the area vulnerable to fire and its surface area at an altitude of 10 meters. In the event of a forest fire disaster, evaluating the impacted area is very complicated. This approach needs to be adaptable and easily controlled in order to solve it. Thus, both the manual and autopilot mode are built and controlled by a quad copter drone with an ardupilot, which drives the drone to the specified location. The drone is fed with the specification of the Global Positioning System ( GPS) and flies with the aid of an ardupilot to the spot. With the aid of a thermal imaging sensor, the drone senses the surface area with its captured image. With the aid of coding dumped in it, the image is sent to the base station and the vision building is achieved with the help of the thermal camera fitted in the front part of the drone and then it interacts with the base station where it is possible to view the surface area. This allows average individuals to recognize the region impacted by the tragedy and to predict the amount of impact they have made in a shorter period of time. Human interference is minimized by this detection method in the areas affected by fire with the extent of fire prediction.

Numerical analysis of quadcopter in different weather conditions of regions in India

Abstract For photography, remote sensing, aerial surveillance disaster relief and motion picture filmmaking quadcopters are very useful today, and it is essential to find out its limits, so that we can predict in which atmospheric conditions, it works with perfection. And another important factor for quad copter is to know about its effect in order to run smoothly. To overcome these problems, A 3D model of the drone is created on SolidWorks and CFD is performed on Ansys. This simulation results help researchers to see the after effects of different flight condition.

Quadcopter based emergency medikit delivery system for hill stations

Now-a-days UAV’s are more common for search, rescue and surveillance. A quad copter UAV system is proposed to be used for aerial transportation of medicine. A Quadcopter has a drive chassis having a propeller, ESC, motor, frames and battery. Quadcopter is supported with GPS to know the exact position. To know the exact location and delivering medicine to accident area, an audio and video system is used. The quad frame built from quality materials, which are reinforced and much more stronger, this reduces arm breakage. A set of two plastic propellers, one normal and one pusher (reverse) to rotate and lift up the quadcopter. The brushless out-runner will provide more power with its high efficiency, long run times. The ESC includes programmable motor braking, soft start for helicopters and planes, timing, throttle input range and low-voltage cutoff. Lithium-Polymer (Li-Po) battery for very light weight, small size and durability without losing charging capacity. The whole quadcopter process can be monitored and controlled by a remote control system, quadcopter will capture the live video and current status can be seen visualized and provides information about all the other exact condition in real time.

Drones provide a better method to find nests and estimate nest survival for colonial waterbirds: a demonstration with Western Grebes

Drone use in wildlife biology has greatly increased as they become cheaper and easier to deploy in the field. In this paper we describe a less invasive method of using drones and exploring their limitations for studying colonial nesting waterbirds. Western Grebes, like most colonial nesting waterbirds, can be very sensitive to human interaction. Using a 3DR Solo quad copter equipped with a high-resolution digital camera we were able to effectively map and monitor a Western Grebe breeding colony throughout the nesting period with a series of 6 flights. We were able to use drone collected aerial imagery to model nest survival while minimizing disturbance to the birds. However, we were not able to deploy the drone at all of our study sites. Our ability to effectively deploy the drone was hindered by the environmental and vegetation characteristics of a site. Drone technology can be a useful tool, especially when studying a species sensitive to human interaction. However, there researchers should carefully consider their species and study site to evaluate if a drone is the proper tool to meet their objectives.

Agro-based Pesticide Spraying Quad Copter using Flight Controller

Agro-based Pesticide Spraying Quad Copter using Flight Controller

Fine-Tuning of Feedback Gain Control for Hover Quad Copter Rotors by Stochastic Optimization Methods

Three degree of freedom (3 DOF) Hover Quad Copter (HQC) platforms are implemented for various missions in diverse scales from the micro to macro platforms. As HQC platforms scale down, micro platform requires rather robust and effective control techniques. This study investigates applicability of some stochastic optimization methods for tuning feedback gain control of HQC rotors and compares optimization results with results of linear quadratic regulator (LQR) method that has been widely used analytical method for optimal feedback gain control of HQCs. This study considers the utilization of two stochastic methods for tuning of HQCs. These methods are stochastic multi-parameter divergence optimization method (SMDO) and discrete stochastic optimization method (DSO). These methods are employed to optimize feedback gain coefficients of an experimental HQC test platform. Simulation and experimental results of SMDO and DSO methods are reported and compared with results of LQR method.

Aerodynamics of Drones with Auxetic Landing Gears During Perching Conditions

This research investigates a quad copter that acts as a contactor of the perching process of birds with its auxetic graspers on the cylindrical surfaces. The perching system generates a time of yaw when a pitch / rolling control input during the drone landing is introduced by two different circumstances (high and forward flight). While in all situations the aggregate need for revolution every minute, pitch and energy consumption vs. flight vs, the auxetic environment enhances drone resistance in the treatment for spontaneous vibration talking. The suggested method stabilises frequency, yawing and rotating period with respect to the variable rate during perching.

Theoretical Examination of Laser Propulsion for Aerospace Application

This paper represents the significance of laser Propulsion for Aerospace Application. Laser impetus is a type of shaft controlled drive where the vitality source is a remote laser framework and separate from the response mass. This type of drive varies from a regular concoction rocket where both vitality and response mass originate from the strong or fluid charges continued board the vehicle. The ongoing tests on laser Propulsion demonstrate that, a little quad copter has flown for 12 hours and 26 minutes charged by a 2.25 kW laser (controlled at not exactly 50% of its ordinary working current), utilizing 170 watt photovoltaic exhibits as the power recipient, and a laser has been shown to charge the batteries of an unmanned elevated vehicle in trip for 48 hours. For shuttle, laser electric impetus is considered as a contender to sunlight based electric or atomic electric drive for low-push impetus in space. In the present examination, correlation of execution parameters of Laser Propulsion with Solar Propulsion are assessed hypothetically.

Electronic Speed Controller Based Quad Copter Controlled by Hand Gestures

To control a Quad copter by means of simply the use of hand gestures.It allows us to recommend a way to perform Human computer Interface.The concept is to extract an antique techniques of controlling a Quad copter using joysticks, computer controlled and so on.with more intuitive approach, that is, through controlling the Quad copter with the assist of hand gestures, for the user to make it greater user friendly,this makes the user not to study different instructions to control a Quad copter, where it can simply work on the hand gestures. Here we present an approach to achieve the illustrated idea by employing transmission of instruction through a Bluetooth module. A simple gyroscope helps inhelps in tracking hand gesture illustration. Command dedication corresponding to shown gestures and acting movement respectively.

Gesture Controlled Quad copter Using RF Technology

Gesture Controlled Quad copter Using RF Technology

Enhancing Survival during Fire Accidents using Quad Copter

Enhancing Survival during Fire Accidents using Quad Copter

Overview of Quad Copter and Its Utilitarian

The focus of this research is drone which is called as the UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle). They include both autonomous drones and remotely piloted vehicles (RPVs). The article highlights on feasibility of drone in various applications and its variable mechanism. Features of drones are also discussed here. Drones are not to given licenses by several governments since they pose a threat to privacy and also security. Therefore an active surveillance scheme has to be developed to monitor its uncontrolled use.

Design of Robust & Predictive Controller for Altitude Stabilization and Trajectory Tracking of a Quad-Copter

Controlling the non-linear dynamics of the quad-copter has stimulated many control engineers to investigate & design the variety of controllers in order to control and stabilize the various aspects of quad copter such as the attitude, altitude, heading, xy position and even in trajectory following in the presence of disturbance. This is because of the quad-copter’s application and importance in the variety of fields such as military, rescue, agriculture, surveillance, investigation, etc. Altitude control & stabilization problem of the quad-copter is the main focus of this research study. A dynamic and predictive controller is designed for the said problem based on Model predictive controller. In order to deal with the uncertainties & dynamics of the model during the flight operation and to ensure the robustness for the designed system, the sliding mode control technique is presented. Proportional-Integral-Derivative controller is also implemented for the system to make a comparative analysis with the rest of the designed controllers. Apart from controlling & stabilizing the altitude, these controllers are also capable for the trajectory tracking of the quad-copter. The six degree of freedom coupled model of quad-copter is taken into account and the same is then de-coupled for quad-copter hovering. In order to confirm the asymptotically stable state of the system, stability analysis of the proposed controller design is also done. The designed system is simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK and also the comparison for robust and predictive controller is presented in order to depict the degree of potency of the proposed controller.

Autonomous Agricultural Pesticide Spraying UAV

The discussion is about the optimal design outline and examination of an Autonomous agricultural pesticide spraying UAV. Farming techniques have drastically evolved over the last few decades to keep up with the ever-growing demand for food. Among its various applications, the use of drones in farming, called agricultural drones, can help in increasing the yied of crop and to monitor its growth. This type of drone is termed as agricultural drone. These drones can be used to spray fertilizers or pesticides uniformly across the field. Also, the aerial mapping feature will give the farmers a bird eye view of their fields and help them quickly identify presence of pests, crop damages and soil conditions. Hence, our main was to build a market ready agricultural drone and not just a prototype – a drone which is affordable, user friendly, portable and can perform autonomous flight without the use of an operator. This paper gives an overview of an indigenously designed folding quad copter frame with 1300mm diameter with following features namely, 5L tank capacity with remote controlled spray module, 4K camera, lift weight up to maximum of 12kg, advanced autopilot system with high precision GPS for autonomous mission.