Pyrolysis Catalyst Research Articles

Facilitation Effects of Acidic Chlorinated Salts on Reservoir Unblocking During In Situ Conversion of Huadian Oil Shale

In order to explore the potential catalysts for kerogen pyrolysis and to clear away obstacles to product liberation in product recovery, the facilitation effects of acidic chlorinated salts (MnCl2·4H2O, AlCl3·6H2O, CrCl3·6H2O, and MoCl5) on pyrolysis behavior of Huadian oil shale (OS) were investigated. Two different ways of wet mixing and dry mixing were used, and indoor pyrolysis experiments were carried out to characterize the different products collected by multiple analyses. The acidic chloride solution could effectively remove large amounts of calcite from OS during wet mixing, whereas the calcite in the dry-mixed samples decomposed significantly during pyrolysis, releasing significant amounts of CO2. AlCl3 could improve the pore space by removing carbonates, which can promote the pyrolysis of kerogen and increase oil yield. The improved pore space can also promote the conversion of kerogen and the release of hydrocarbon products, while the large amounts of CO2 released during pyrolysis of dry-mixed samples can promote the migration of heavy fractions. This study emphasizes the great potential of acid chlorates in counteracting reservoir blockage and facilitating pyrolysis for OS in situ exploitation.

Catalytic co-pyrolysis of PET/PP plastics and olive pomace biomass with marble sludge catalyst

Sustainable and efficient waste management requires involvement of symbiotic solutions to various types of wastes, and so to achieve circular economy. Through this motivation, in this study, combined thermochemical conversion (pyrolysis) of plastics, biomass and marble processing effluents physicochemical treatment sludge (K1) were studied. In this combination, plastics were petroleum-based synthetic aromatic (PET) and aliphatic (PP) organics, while olive pomace-OP was natural agricultural residue. K1 was mineral product, which was first introduced in the literature as pyrolysis catalyst by the authors. In the study, co-pyrolysis of polymers and biomass was catalyzed by mineral waste containing CaCO3. The effect of plastic type and pyrolyzed material mixture ratio on pyrolysis fractions were investigated. Moreover, material recovery potential from pyrolysis fractions were discussed. In catalytic co-pyrolysis, by increasing the plastic ratio in the mixture, the pyrolytic liquid and oligomer fraction increased while the solid (char) and gas fraction decreased. For 70%PP+15%OP+15%K1 mixture, liquid product was dominant, whereas with 60%PET+20%OP+20%K1 much more pyrolytic gas fraction produced. The thermal degradation of char products did not exceed 2-3% up to 600°C and this stability continues up to approximately 700°C reveals the potential of the char to be used in alternative areas as a material with high thermal resistance. The catalytic co-pyrolysis liquid products contain alkanes, alkenes, acids, phenols, benzene, aldehydes, esters, alcohols, ketones. Benzene, acid and alcohol groups were dominant in liquids, while alkane, alkene and alkyne groups were dominant in gases.

Phytic acid as a biorenewable catalyst for cellulose pyrolysis to produce levoglucosenone

Sustainable use of both carbon and phosphorus, providing levoglucosenone, a high-value platform chemical, by pyrolysis of biomass using biogenic organocatalyst, phytic acid.

MoS2 stabilize Ti3C2 MXene for excellent catalytic effect of thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

MoS2 stabilize Ti3C2 MXene for excellent catalytic effect of thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

A Hybrid Pre-Assessment Assists in System Optimization to Convert Face Masks into Carbon Nanotubes and Hydrogen

A Hybrid Pre-Assessment Assists in System Optimization to Convert Face Masks into Carbon Nanotubes and Hydrogen

HZSM-5 supported with N-doped Fe for microwave catalytic pyrolysis of lignin

HZSM-5 supported with N-doped Fe for microwave catalytic pyrolysis of lignin

Red Mud as a Potential Catalyst for Petrochemicals Production From Oxygenated Aromatic Plastic Wastes via Fast Pyrolysis

AbstractThe increased rate of postuse accumulation of the heteroatom‐containing plastic wastes, like polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate (PC) and polyurethane (PU), in the environment propels the research for effective and sustainable valorization. In this study, PET from bottle waste, PC from compact discs, and PU from waste wind turbine blade were characterized and employed for fast pyrolysis experiments. Importantly, red mud (RM), a mixed oxide rich in Fe, Al, Si, Na, and Ca, was used as a catalyst for fast pyrolysis. The effects of temperature and feed/catalyst ratio on product yields were studied to elucidate the product formation mechanism. Benzoic acid and its derivatives, bisphenol‐A and oxygenated aromatics, and 4,4′‐methylenebisbenzamine were the major products obtained from the noncatalytic fast pyrolysis of PET, PC, and PU, respectively. The use of RM improved the yield of aromatic hydrocarbons from PET to 27.8 wt% at 550 °C, phenolics from PC to 46.6 wt% at 550 °C, and 4,4′‐methylenebisbenzamine to 34.9 wt% at 650 °C. The catalytic activity of RM is ascribed to the presence of active basic sites. The present study paves the path for the catalytic upcycling of challenging plastic wastes using industrial waste, like RM, as a sustainable catalyst from a circular economy viewpoint.

Role of Bifunctional Metal-Promoted Zeolitic Catalyst in Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis of Polyethylene to Monocyclic Aromatics

Role of Bifunctional Metal-Promoted Zeolitic Catalyst in Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis of Polyethylene to Monocyclic Aromatics

Sustainable bio energy: the potential of Ni-Fe/NZA as a catalyst for pyrolysis of sugarcane bagasse waste (Saccharum officinarum L.) for bio-oil production

The depletion of fossil fuels and the increase in greenhouse gas emissions have sparked public concern. Along with the problems occurred, the need for energy continues to increase, while energy source reserves are decreasing. This research was conducted with an aim to determine the effect of the addition of Ni-Fe/NZA catalyst on bio-oil yield from the pyrolysis process of sugarcane bagasse waste. Chemical analysis was carried out using GC-MS instrument and physical analysis was carried out using a pycnometer, viscometer, pH meter, and bomb calorimeter. The results showed that the bio-oil produced had better quality as evidenced by a series of chemical and physical analysis, so bio-oil can be used as a renewable alternative fuel with dominant compounds in the form of furfural and acetic acid. The highest bio-oil yield was obtained at 1% catalyst weight percentage and at the temperature of 400℃ of 48.1%. The density of bio-oil had a range of 0.93-1.01 gr/mL, bio-oil viscosity ranged from 25.75-30.01 cP and Bio-oil pH ranged from 2.62-3.27. The fastest first drop of bio-oil was obtained at 105℃. The calorific value had a range of 20.26-27.05 MJ/kg. It can then be concluded that Ni-Fe/NZA has great potential as a catalyst in the pyrolysis process and improves the quality of bio-oil produced in the development of sustainable technology.

Cellulose pyrolysis via liquid metal catalysis

Cellulose pyrolysis via liquid metal catalysis

Comparative study of grass pyrolysis over regenerated catalysts: Tyre ash, zeolite, and nickel-supported ash and zeolite

This paper presents investigations on catalytic and non-catalytic grass pyrolysis conducted at 500 °C using two reactor scales: a micro-scale reactor and a laboratory fixed-bed reactor. Four catalysts were employed in the catalytic pyrolysis process: car tyre ash, commercial zeolite mordenite-sodium, nickel supported on ash, and nickel supported on zeolite. The use of catalysts reduced the production of oxygenates and promoted the formation of gaseous compounds, with the most pronounced effect observed for nickel supported on zeolite. Catalytic pyrolysis produced chars with yields that were higher than those of the non-catalytic process. The coking behaviour of the spent catalysts was evaluated by analysing carbon content, with the highest content (3 wt% C) obtained for ash after the first cycle. In the second cycle, the deposited carbon content decreased for all catalysts. Furthermore, the employment of catalysts was shown to promote the production of hydrogen, methane, and other hydrocarbons in pyrolysis gas. The higher heating value of the pyrolysis gas was the highest at 21.1 MJ/m³ when the ash catalyst was first used for pyrolysis. Reusing the pyrolysis catalysts slightly reduced the heating value of the gas to 20.3 MJ/m³ over ash and 20.6 MJ/m³ over zeolite.

Pyrolytic Depolymerization of Polyolefins Catalysed by Zirconium‐based UiO‐66 Metal–Organic Frameworks

AbstractPolyolefins such as polyethylenes and polypropylenes are the most‐produced plastic waste globally, yet are difficult to convert into useful products due to their unreactivity. Pyrolysis is a practical method for large‐scale treatment of mixed, contaminated plastic, allowing for their conversion into industrially‐relevant petrochemicals. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), despite their tremendous utility in heterogeneous catalysis, have been overlooked for polyolefin depolymerization due to their perceived thermal instabilities and inability of polyethylenes and polypropylenes to penetrate their pores. Herein, we demonstrate the viability of UiO‐66 MOFs containing coordinatively‐unsaturated zirconium nodes, as effective catalysts for pyrolysis that significantly enhances the yields of valuable liquid and gas hydrocarbons, whilst halving the amounts of residual solids produced. Reactions occur on the Lewis‐acidic UiO‐66 nodes, without the need for noble metals, and yield aliphatic product distributions distinctly different from the aromatic‐rich hydrocarbons that can be obtained from zeolite catalysis. We also demonstrate the first unambiguous characterization of polyolefin penetration into UiO‐66 pores at pyrolytic temperatures, allowing access to the abundant Zr‐oxo nodes within the MOF interior for efficient C−C cleavage. Our work highlights the potential of MOFs as highly‐designable heterogeneous catalysts for depolymerisation of plastics, which can complement conventional catalysts in reactivity.

Pyrolytic Depolymerization of Polyolefins Catalysed by Zirconium-based UiO-66 Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Polyolefins such as polyethylenes and polypropylenes are the most-produced plastic waste globally, yet are difficult to convert into useful products due to their unreactivity. Pyrolysis is a practical method for large-scale treatment of mixed, contaminated plastic, allowing for their conversion into industrially-relevant petrochemicals. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), despite their tremendous utility in heterogeneous catalysis, have been overlooked for polyolefin depolymerization due to their perceived thermal instabilities and inability of polyethylenes and polypropylenes to penetrate their pores. Herein, we demonstrate the viability of UiO-66 MOFs containing coordinatively-unsaturated zirconium nodes, as effective catalysts for pyrolysis that significantly enhances the yields of valuable liquid and gas hydrocarbons, whilst halving the amounts of residual solids produced. Reactions occur on the Lewis-acidic UiO-66 nodes, without the need for noble metals, and yield aliphatic product distributions distinctly different from the aromatic-rich hydrocarbons that can be obtained from zeolite catalysis. We also demonstrate the first unambiguous characterization of polyolefin penetration into UiO-66 pores at pyrolytic temperatures, allowing access to the abundant Zr-oxo nodes within the MOF interior for efficient C-C cleavage. Our work highlights the potential of MOFs as highly-designable heterogeneous catalysts for depolymerisation of plastics, which can complement conventional catalysts in reactivity.

Anaerobic Digestion of Food Waste with the Addition of Biochar Derived from Microwave Catalytic Pyrolysis of Solid Digestate

This study explores the potential of biochar derived from microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis of solid digestate as an additive to enhance the stability and performance of the anaerobic digestion process. The focus was placed on the effects of biochar dosage, pyrolysis temperature, and pyrolysis catalyst on methane production. Biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests using synthetic food waste as the substrate revealed a dosage-dependent relationship with specific methane yield (SMY). At a low biochar dosage of 0.1 g/g total solids (TS), improvement in methane (CH4) production was marginal, whereas a high dosage of 0.6 g/g TS increased CH4 content by at least 10% and improved yield by 35–52%. ANOVA analysis indicated that biochar dosage level significantly influenced CH4 yield, while pyrolysis temperature (400 °C vs. 500 °C) and catalyst (20 wt% K3PO4 vs. 10 wt% K3PO4/10 wt% clinoptilolite) did not lead to significant differences in CH4 yield between the treatments. Correlation analysis results suggested that biochar’s most impactful properties on methane yield would be dosage-adjusted specific surface area (or total surface area per unit volume of substrate) and aromaticity index. The findings underscore the potential of solid-digestate-derived biochar as a beneficial additive for anaerobic digestion and hence the sustainability of food waste management system.

NiO-LaCoO3 catalysts for biomass pyrolysis to hydrogen-rich gas

NiO-LaCoO3 catalysts for biomass pyrolysis to hydrogen-rich gas

Catalytic pyrolysis of polystyrene over rice husk silica-derived traditional and hierarchical green MWW zeolites

Catalytic pyrolysis of polystyrene over rice husk silica-derived traditional and hierarchical green MWW zeolites

Recent Progress on In Situ Catalytic Conversion Catalysts for Oil Shale.

With the gradual depletion of oil resources, it is urgent to vigorously develop unconventional and renewable energy sources. As an unconventional resource with abundant resources, the rational and efficient development of oil shale is of great significance to alleviating the national energy crisis. The main methods of oil shale development are surface dry distillation and in situ transformation. In situ catalytic conversion technology, as an emerging mining method, has the potential to improve efficiency, reduce costs, and environmental impact and is an important direction for future oil shale development. As a key component in the in situ conversion process, catalysts play a crucial role in the rate, selectivity, and product quality of the reaction. However, the research on oil shale pyrolysis catalysts is still in the laboratory stage and is difficult to translate into practical applications. Therefore, this paper reviews recent progress of catalyst research in the in situ catalytic conversion of oil shale, including the types, design principles, and reaction mechanisms of catalysts, and looks forward to the future development direction. It provides a certain reference for the discovery of new catalysts that can improve yield and reduce environmental pollution in the process of oil shale extraction and also provides a valuable technical reference for the green development and utilization of unconventional and strategic alternative energy sources in the world and the transformation and sustainable development of the global energy structure.

Coke formation and mineral accumulation on HZSM-5/Al2O3 catalysts during in-situ catalytic fast pyrolysis of microalgae over multiple regeneration cycles

Coke formation and mineral accumulation on HZSM-5/Al2O3 catalysts during in-situ catalytic fast pyrolysis of microalgae over multiple regeneration cycles

Synergistic valorization of wheat husk-derived HZSM-5 catalyst in pyrolysis of polystyrene and polypropylene: sustainable waste-to-energy conversion enhanced by machine learning models

Synergistic valorization of wheat husk-derived HZSM-5 catalyst in pyrolysis of polystyrene and polypropylene: sustainable waste-to-energy conversion enhanced by machine learning models

Sustainable Al2O3 nanoparticles in catalytic pyrolysis: Unlocking high-yield bio-oil from Melia azedarach fruit biomass with comprehensive physicochemical analysis

Sustainable Al2O3 nanoparticles in catalytic pyrolysis: Unlocking high-yield bio-oil from Melia azedarach fruit biomass with comprehensive physicochemical analysis