Purpose Of Application Research Articles

Surrogate-assisted high-accuracy observation modeling in building digital twins: In situ nonintrusive modeling without sensor observation (Y)

Observation and prediction models play important roles in intelligent building systems in terms of holistic monitoring and optimal control. These models overcome the limitations of physical sensors and contribute to organizing the building sensing environment into a more informative arrangement. However, developing an in-situ prediction model for real systems is challenging, as the target sensor observation (Y) is absent. Although physics-based white-box modeling is possible, the model observations have operational uncertainties in a real system. Therefore, this study proposes a novel and integrated framework for a nonintrusive high-accuracy observation modeling method including (1) white-box modeling, (2) indirect-nonintrusive calibration, and (3) surrogate-based uncertainty reduction. In contrast to the conventional application purpose of a surrogate model, the proposed method adopts surrogate modeling to reduce the model uncertainty and provide high accuracy. The proposed method is applied to a real building system to evaluate the accuracy of each modeling step in the proposed framework. The initial white-box model shows an error of 0.81 °C, indirect-nonintrusive calibration improves the accuracy with an error of 0.55 °C, and the surrogate-assisted model reaches an error of 0.27 °C. Notably, 51% of sensor errors are decreased through surrogate modeling.

Exact κ–μ Sum Statistics

Sums of random variables are the statistical core in several performance analyses of communications systems. In this paper, we provide a fundamental contribution to this field, deriving original, exact, handy expressions for the probability density function and the cumulative distribution function for the sum of independent and identically distributed κ-μ variates. Our formulations can be quickly computed in all cases, even in those for which Brennan’s integral—the only available exact approach—may take several hours or not compute at all. For application purposes, we use our formulations to investigate the outage probability and the mean bit error rate in equal-gain diversity systems. Further contribution includes asymptotic analyses. Numerical simulations validate our findings.

USING THE KIR OF THE KARASYAZ-TASPAS DEPOSIT AS A COMPONENT OF HOT ASPHALT CONCRETE

Natural bitumen has long been used in road paving, but in recent years, the demand for it has decreased. However, the use of natural bitumen in the road surface is gaining popularity again. Natural bitumen has a high content of asphaltenes and a higher molecular weight compared to petroleum bitumen. For the purpose of promising application of natural bitumen as road construction materials, studies were conducted on the selection of compositions based on oil-bitumen rocks of the Karasyaz-Taspas deposit.

On the identification of radon areas as defined in art. 103 of Council Directive 2013/59/EURATOM.

Radon maps are one of the key tools for implementing a graded approach to reduce exposure due to radon. The Council Directive 2013/59/Euratom indicated how to identify the geographical areas of the country most exposed to indoor radon. Using annual average radon concentrations in 5000 dwellings in the Lazio region, located in central Italy, the expected number of dwellings with annual average radon concentrations above the reference level of 300Bq per m3 within the 6km grid squares was estimated. For the purpose of application, radon areas were identified by arbitrarily selecting grid squares with at least 10 expected dwellings per square kilometer above 300Bq per m3. Since comprehensive measurements surveys must be conducted within the radon areas to identify all dwellings exceeding the reference level for the purpose of reducing radon concentration, quantitative economic considerations are reported.

Evaluation of Renal Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury Using Optical Coherence Tomography Based on Fractal Dimension

Renal ischemia–reperfusion (IR) is inevitable in partial nephrectomy and kidney transplantation. Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) induced by renal IR causes the loss of functional units in the kidney, pathologically presenting as the nonhomogeneous distribution of normal uriniferous tubules and usually used to characterize kidney activity. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been proven to have the ability to image the kidney microstructure in vivo and in real time. However, a fast image analysis method is needed for clinical application purpose. In this work, a new method for assessing renal IR injury was developed using a fractal-dimension-based texture of the OCT kidney image. Thirty-five Wistar rats were divided into seven groups for renal ischemia–reperfusion: control and various ischemia-time groups. A time series of 3D OCT kidney images was obtained. We calculated the fractal dimension (FD) of OCT en face images and found that the value increased gradually and finally became stable after 90 min of reperfusion. The stable value in the long-ischemia-time group was smaller than that in the short-ischemia-time group. The FD value of the OCT kidney image was highly responsive to renal IR injury. The proposed method is promising for a fast diagnostic application.

Effect of Organic Powders on Surface Quality in Abrasive Blasting Process

Abrasive blasting, sometimes known as sandblasting, is a method used to change the surface condition of materials, clean surfaces, and prepare surfaces for applications such as paint, bonding, coating, etc. The abrasive materials used in abrasive blasting are applied to the surface with compressed air or water and vary according to the purpose of application. The abrasive materials used have negative effects on the environment and human health. So far, organic materials have been used in limited applications in abrasive blasting. However, these materials have a high potential of usage since they are environmentally friendly, safe for human health, and have non-toxic and sustainable properties. In this study, the usability of three different organic wastes (walnut shell, olive pomace and mussel shell) recovered by recycling in abrasive blasting was investigated. In addition, the effect of blasting distance (5, 10 and 15 mm), blasting time (10, 20 and 30 s), powder type (mussel shell, olive pomace and walnut shell) and grain size (38, 45 and 63 µm) on surface roughness have been investigated using the Taguchi L9 experimental design. Regression models were built using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). Moreover, the surface condition after abrasive blasting was examined using an Al2O3 abrasive and compared with other samples. As a result, 5 mm, 30 s, mussel shell and 45 µm test sets were recommended for “larger is better” and it was determined that the blasting time had the greatest effect on the surface roughness by 50.19%. On the other hand, 10 mm, 20 s, walnut shell and 63 µm test sets were recommended for “smaller is better”, and it was determined that blasting time had the greatest effect on the surface roughness by 39.02%. While there was an increase compared to the surface roughness values before abrasive blasting in the first set of experiments, it was determined that the organic material had a polishing rather than an abrasion effect in the second set of experiments.

Dynamic Footprints of the Specific Artificial Spin Ice Microstate on Its Spin Waves

We present a micromagnetic investigation of the spin dynamics at remanence (zero applied field) in a periodic square artificial spin ice (ASI) prepared four different microstates (i.e., with zero, two or four magnetic charges at the vertex). The ASI elements consist of permalloy elliptical dots with a fixed long axis, and a variable width and interdot separation. For each vertex configuration, we compute the equilibrium ground state at zero applied field by relaxing a previously set magnetic configuration (microstate). After the excitation of such ground state, we perform a Fourier analysis obtaining frequency spectra and space phase profiles. We discuss the behavior of the spectra in changing the system’s microstate and geometry, with reference to the spin mode space profiles, magnetization configuration, and effective internal field. Our results draw a correlation between ASI macrospin orientation at vertex and a few important dynamic properties like a phase-shift in the mode profiles or the frequency gap between the edge and fundamental modes. We suggest a few specific experiments to validate of our predictions, as well as applications in the field of interferometric magnonic devices. We believe that our results can help, from the fabrication stage, in tailoring the appropriate ASI geometry for specific application purposes.

A novel physics-informed neural network for modeling electromagnetism of a permanent magnet synchronous motor

This study presents a novel physics-informed neural network (PINN) architecture designed to address the challenges of replicating an electric motor. The proposed architecture has three key features. First, it uses three partial differential equations with rotational coordinate transformation to supervise the neural network during training with limited data, which improves the accuracy of the solution. One of the differential equations is expressed in variational form to effectively compute the numerical integration. Second, separate networks are proposed for the rotor and stator domains due to their distinct characteristics during operation, namely, that the rotor rotates while the stator remains fixed. An interface loss is included in the entire loss function to compensate for the significant discontinuity and incompatibility between the separate networks when estimating the results of both domains. Third, a learning rate annealing method is introduced to update the adaptive weights of each loss term, thus improving the accuracy and robustness during the training of the neural network. The performance of the proposed PINN was validated using electromagnetic response datasets obtained from both measurements and finite element analyses. Systematic analysis demonstrated that the three features significantly improved the accuracy and robustness of the neural network when estimating the electromagnetic responses of an electric motor. Furthermore, the inference time of the PINN is ten times faster than that of a finite element analysis with a similar level of accuracy, making it suitable for control and design purposes in various real-world applications. Consequently, the versatility of the proposed PINN can accelerate the development of digital twins for intelligent systems by deploying an electric motor, and it could also be used for prognostics and health management because it can estimate electromagnetic responses under both normal and failure conditions.

Osnovne pretpostavke za uvođenje stečaja preduzetnika u Republici Srbiji

In Republic of Serbia in preparation is draft of Law on insolvency of entrepreneur. By this legal act in our legislative system would be introduced individual insolvency, where also belongs insolvency of entrepreneur. Aim of this paper is analysis of basic assumptions and elements which would be regulated for the purpose of applicability of this institute in legal practice. We are doing this analysis because insolvency of entrepreneur should be distinguished from insolvency of legal entities. For that purpose, we will study legal rules of Directive of preventive restructuring framework on which Law on insolvency of entrepreneur would be based. Also, we will study comparative law solutions of application of Directive. Basic purpose of this paper would be consideration of basic element for this institute in our legal system such as area of application, discharge of debt, jurisdiction, exemption of execution, limitations of insolvency of entrepreneur.

Electronic structure of the atom in virtual reality: integrated lesson of chemistry and informatics

The article discusses the possibilities of using virtual reality systems in an informatics lesson in conjunction with such a discipline as chemistry. It substantiates the conduct of an integrated lesson in chemistry and informatics. The lesson on the theme "Electronic structure of the atom in virtual reality" is given. At the motivational-target stage of the lesson, such methodological techniques as "Quoting the statements of famous people" and "Photography" are used. At the stage of knowledge actualization, repetition of information about the virtual reality system was organized; how to properly put on a virtual reality helmet and controllers; the basic safety rules for being in virtual reality are discussed. Also at this stage, students repeat information about the structure of atoms. At the stage of learning new material, the purpose and interface of the Abelana's Atom Maker VR virtual reality application, which is involved in the integrated lesson, are described. At the stage of primary consolidation, tasks in chemistry are proposed, which should be implemented in the virtual reality application Abelana's Atom Maker VR. Reflection of educational activity is carried out using the "10 opinions" technique. Homework includes watching a video on the basis of which a similar task formulated by the teacher is performed.

Praxeological characteristics of the game model in risky situations for football players as a determinant of rational training

Background: The article is of an implementation (application) nature, addressing problems related to the modelling of individual play in risky situations. Assuming that individual actions constitute the basis of team play, the work carried out a praxeological assessment of individual play in risky situations. These activities, due to the specificity of the sports game (group pressing), high difficulty in execution (activity in discomfort), constitute a significant element that in the modern game becomes a necessity for organized training. Methods: The assessment of actions in difficult situations was made on the example of the game of football (soccer) players from group H (Colombia, Japan, Senegal, Poland), participating in the World Cup tournament - Russia 2018 (observation of 150 players). The research used the method of noted observation, which consisted of direct recorded observation – secondary (DVD material), with the possibility of repeated replay of the events being the subject of research. The data obtained were recorded on a praxeological observation sheet. Results: Data analysis allowed to determine the level of individual actions in risky situations, which, for application purposes, determines not only the assessment of these actions against the background of dominant football teams in the world but, above all, determines the direction of game modelling in organized training of football players in Poland. Conclusion: Individual game activities are activities that are significant to the effectiveness of the game. Teams achieving better values for the above activities in the analysed tournament had higher values of praxeological indices of the game than teams losing their matches.

The Systematisation of the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China in Book II Real Rights

The formulation of civil law into a code is an important process of re-integrating and systematising civil law. Compared to the previous application of the individual laws of the civil law, the most important thing in applying the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China (hereinafter called the Civil Code) is to have a systematic thinking, i.e., unified norms and logical consistency. The legal system of real rights in the Civil Code is the basic legal system for the recognition, use and protection of property, which is fundamental to the country and has a bearing on the interests of people's livelihood. Property rights are the basis of every country's economic development, a prerequisite for exchange and a material guarantee for human survival and development. This paper will elaborate on five aspects, as follows: Real Rights and General Provisions, Real Rights and Contracts, Real Rights and Marriage, Family and Succession, Real Rights and Tort Liability, and the systematic arrangement within Real Rights. In order to achieve the purpose of better application of the Civil Code to solve the problems of property rights.

Application of human iPSC-derived macrophages in a miniaturized high-content-imaging-based efferocytosis assay.

Macrophages play a pivotal role in drug discovery due to their key regulatory functions in health and disease. Overcoming the limited availability and donor variability of human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived macrophages (IDMs) could provide a promising tool for both disease modeling and drug discovery. To access large numbers of model cells for medium- to high-throughput application purposes, an upscaled protocol was established for differentiation of iPSCs into progenitor cells and subsequent maturation into functional macrophages. These IDM cells resembled MDMs both with respect to surface marker expression and phago- as well as efferocytotic function. A statistically robust high-content-imaging assay was developed to quantify the efferocytosis rate of IDMs and MDMs allowing for measurements both in the 384- and 1536-well microplate format. Validating the applicability of the assay, inhibitors of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) were shown to modulate efferocytosis in IDMs and MDMs with comparable pharmacology. The miniaturized cellular assay with the upscaled provision of macrophages opens new routes to pharmaceutical drug discovery in the context of efferocytosis-modulating substances.

Data Summarization Web Application

Abstract: As there is an increase in the usage of digital applications, the availability of data generated has increased to a tremendous scale. Data is an important component in almost every domain where research and analysis are required to solve problems. It is available in a structured or unstructured format. Therefore, to get corresponding data as per the application purpose, easily and quickly from different sources of data on the internet, an online content summarizer is desired. Summarizers make it easier for users to understand the content without reading it completely. Abstractive Text Summarizer helps in defining the content by considering the important words and helps in creating summaries that are in a human-readable format. The main aim is to make summaries in such a way that they should not lose their context. Various Neural Network models are employed along with other machine translation models to bring about a concise summary generation. This paper aims to highlight and study the existing contemporary models for abstractive text summarization and also to explore areas for further research

Defects detection in dentistry: designing a graphene multi-layered based plasmonic sensor

Dental Restorative materials play a very important role in solving the issue of sensitivity in human teeth. Many such materials, based on their respective optical properties, are considered for various usages viz. cavity treatment, reparation of cracked or broken teeth, detection of plaque formation, etc Another way is to deal with different restorative materials for dentistry application which should be ideal and appropriate. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), being an optical phenomenon, has the capability to analyze the optical properties which may be used for Bio-medical Applications also. Considering the adsorption efficiency (to bio-molecules) of Graphene material can be applied for detecting any plaque formation in the essential components of a human teeth viz. Enamel, Dentin and Cementum. Sensitivity, Figure of Merit (F.O.M.) calculations and the correlation between refractive index of different dental restorative materials and their concentration percentage have been tabulated in this manuscript. SPR curves have been obtained using MATLAB environment and Characteristic Transfer Matrix (CTM). A new theoretical approach to detect the teeth-health with harm free (without X-ray source) technique has been proposed. A new technique is considered to determine the quality (cavity formation and others) of teeth-hygiene using less health-hazard radiation. LASER beam-based SPR phenomenon is projected here to identify the tooth condition, which may be implemented for the application purpose.

APPLICATION OF A COMPLETELY RANDOMIZED DESIGN TO DETERMINE THE BEST TREATMENT IN CHICKEN PRODUCTION IN 2022

The objective of the study was to identify the most effective treatment in the rearing, fattening, and benefit/cost of CHICKENS, resulting in a delicate but statistically reliable task, since the use of techniques coupled with the various required responses covers the expectations in people —readers or entrepreneurs who want to get involved in the poultry sector. The methodology indicates a quantitative investigation, with an application purpose and an explanatory level of depth, developed in an experimental field, the DCA technique is excluded for the manipulation of the weight variable that considers the collected data, which produced four groups of twenty chickens each. one, applying 4 different treatments that use the balanced ones: NUTRIL, ALCÓN, WAYNE, and PROAVES respectively. The type of inference is inductive during the longitudinal temporal period, the population is constituted by the broiler chickens of the BROILER breed, and the eighty samples of them with similar characteristics. As an instrument, the manual recording of the weights was used, and R-Studio analysis.After compliance with the assumptions of normality, homogeneity of variance, and independence, the application of the experimental technique was carried out, and after confirming the existing difference between the means of the treatments, it was sought to define them by applying a comparison between the pairs of treatment given Tukey's method. Then, with a graph of means, it was concluded that the balanced "PROAVES" showed better results in standing and peeled weight; similarly for higher benefit/cost. Therefore, it is advisable to use last this in case there are economic purposes involved, and if it is desirable to obtain a higher weight in chickens.

IoT Based Weather Application

The purpose of this weather application using IOT is to provide real-time weather updates to users, based on data collected from various IoT devices installed in different locations. The application collects data from these devices, processes it, and presents it in a user-friendly format, allowing users to access accurate and reliable weather information. The application uses sensors such as temperature, humidity, air pressure, wind speed, and direction, to collect data from different locations. The data is transmitted to a central server, where it is processed and analyzed using various algorithms to determine the weather conditions. The processed data is then displayed in an intuitive graphical format, providing users with a clear understanding of the weather situation. The application also uses machine learning algorithms to predict weather patterns, based on historical data, allowing users to plan their activities accordingly. Users can also set up custom alerts to receive notifications when the weather conditions change, ensuring that they are always informed and prepared. One of the key benefits of this weather application is its accuracy and reliability, as it relies on real-time data collected from IoT devices, rather than relying solely on weather forecasts. This provides users with up-to-date information, allowing them to make informed decisions about their daily activities. In conclusion, this weather application using IoT provides users with real-time weather updates, accurate predictions, and customizable alerts, making it an essential tool for anyone looking to stay informed about the weather. Its intuitive user interface and reliable data collection ensure that users can plan their activities with confidence.

Variation of Charge Carrier Dynamics for Polycrystalline Perovskite Films by One-Step Solution and Vapor-Deposition Methods.

To date, solution-processing and vapor-deposition fabrication methods have achieved huge successes in high-efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and satisfy special demanding requirements for diverse application purposes, respectively. Although people realize that the fabrication procedure is crucial in device performance, insightful studies of charge carrier dynamics in perovskite films by different methods still lack. In this work, we compare the carrier behaviors in one-step spin-coated and dual-source coevaporated MAPbI3 perovskite films by combining time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy and carrier dynamics simulation. We suggest that strains, lattice orientations, and defects at buried side of perovskite films, which are associated with different preparation processes, lead to variations in carrier behaviors. Hence fabrication of perovskite layers should be elaborately designed in order to satisfy the needs of different carrier behaviors in specified device configurations of PSCs such as smooth planar or textured monolithic tandem structures.

Multiple positive solutions and stability results for nonlinear fractional delay differential equations involving p ‐Laplacian operator

In this paper, we study a system of multiple positive solutions and stability results for nonlinear fractional delay differential equations involving ‐Laplacian operator. We derived adequate conditions to ensure that at least three nonnegative solutions exist by applying the conditions of the Leggett–Williams fixed‐point theory and some Green function properties. Due to a small change in time‐delay, we analyzed the Hyers–Ulam stability‐type of the equation. We used Riemann–Liouville fractional differential definition, and we assumed that nonzero delay . In addition, for application purpose, comprehensive examples are given to ensure the effectiveness and feasibility of the results in this paper. Our proposed equation generalize some literature in the system.

New Compound and Hybrid Binding Energy Sputter Model for Modeling Purposes in Agreement with Experimental Data

Rocky planets and moons experiencing solar wind sputtering are continuously supplying their enveloping exosphere with ejected neutral atoms. To understand the quantity and properties of the ejecta, well-established binary collision approximation Monte Carlo codes like TRIM with default settings are used predominantly. Improved models such as SDTrimSP have come forward, and together with new experimental data, the underlying assumptions have been challenged. We introduce a hybrid model, combining the previous surface binding approach with a new bulk binding model akin to Hofsäss & Stegmaier. In addition, we expand the model implementation by distinguishing between free and bound components sourced from mineral compounds such as oxides or sulfides. The use of oxides and sulfides also enables the correct setting of the mass densities of minerals, which was previously limited to the manual setting of individual atomic densities of elements. All of the energies and densities used are thereby based on tabulated data, so that only minimal user input and no fitting of parameters are required. We found unprecedented agreement between the newly implemented hybrid model and previously published sputter yields for incidence angles up to 45° from surface normal. Good agreement is found for the angular distribution of mass sputtered from enstatite MgSiO3 compared to the latest experimental data. Energy distributions recreate trends of experimental data of oxidized metals. Similar trends are to be expected from future mineral experimental data. The model thus serves its purpose of widespread applicability and ease of use for modelers of rocky body exospheres.