Indoor Air Purification Research Articles

The performance investigation on a multifunctional wall with photo-thermal catalytic blinds for heating, shading and formaldehyde removal

A novel multifunctional wall with photo-thermal catalytic blinds (PTC-Blind/TW) for heating, shading and formaldehyde removal was proposed. The system can realize indoor air purification all year by using solar energy, space heating in winter and cooling in summer simultaneously. The hybrid wall system was built and thermal and formaldehyde degradation performance was tested experimentally. The coupled heat, mass and reaction dynamic model was established and experimentally verified. Based on the model, the optimal blind angle control strategy was studied when the system runs in different cities all year. Main results were: (1) Under the solar radiation of 300–900 W/m2, the thermal efficiency, formaldehyde single-through convention and CADR of system were in the range of 20–40%, 30–60% and 20–80 m3/h respectively. (2) For the thermal and purification performance of the system, the fitted degree R2 between the simulation results and the experimental results reaches 80–90%. (3) The optimal blind turning angle operation strategy in Nanjing, Beijing, Xining and Guangzhou was obtained. (4) When applied optimal operation strategy in four cities, the total generated clean air annually, reduced heating loads in winter seasons and reduced cooling loads in summer and transition seasons were in range of 0.8–1.7*104 m3/m2, 86.3–739.5 MJ/m2 and 261.2–388.5 MJ/m2 respectively.

The potential of proline as a key metabolite to design real-time plant water deficit and low-light stress detector in ornamental plants.

Nowadays, people are interested to use plants, especially air-purifying plants, in residential and other indoor settings to purify indoor air and increase the green area in the building. In this study, we investigated the effect of water deficit and low light intensity on the physiology and biochemistry of popular ornamental plants, including Sansevieria trifasciata, Episcia cupreata and Epipremnum aureum. Plants were grown under low light intensity in the range of 10-15 μmol quantum m-2 s-1 and 3 days of water deficit. The results showed that these three ornamental plants responded to water deficit with different pathways. Metabolomic analysis indicated that water deficit affected Episcia cupreata and Epipremnum aureum by inducing a 1.5- to 3-fold increase of proline and a 1.1- to 1.6-fold increase in abscisic acid compared to well-watered conditions, which led to hydrogen peroxide accumulation. This resulted in a reduction of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis rate and transpiration. Sansevieria trifasciata responded to water deficit by significantly increasing gibberellin by around 2.8-fold compared to well-watered plants and proline contents by around 4-fold, while stomatal conductance, photosynthesis rate and transpiration were maintained. Notably, proline accumulation under water deficit stress could be attributed to both gibberellic acid and abscisic acid, depending on plant species. Therefore, the enhancement of proline accumulation in ornamental plants under water deficit could be detected early from day 3 after water deficit conditions, and this compound can be used as a key compound for real-time biosensor development in detecting plant stress under water deficit in a future study.

In situ confined growth of g-C3N4/pigment compound catalyst in porous diatomite for enhancing photocatalytic nicotine elimination and bacterial inactivation

Humans spend at least 70% of their time indoors, but indoor air pollution has received very little attention compared to outdoor pollution. Indoor air pollutants include inhalable particulate matter, volatile organic pollutants, and biological pollutants. In particular, nicotine in second-hand smoke and pathogenic microorganisms in the air are the most overlooked pollutants, which pose serious threats to human health. Here, low-cost inorganic pigments and diatomite have been selected to modify g-C3N4 to obtain five novel g-C3N4-based photocatalysts, which are intensely colored and show excellent nicotine degradation performance under both simulated sunlight and white LED illumination. Five g-C3N4-based photocatalytic textiles obtained by supporting the colored photocatalysts on low-melting-point skin–core composite polyester (LMPET) still exhibited outstanding photocatalytic degradation performance and cyclability in removing nicotine. Some of the photocatalytic textiles also displayed highly efficient bacterial inactivation towards E. coli and S. aureus under white LED illumination. Mechanistic research has revealed that the combination of inorganic pigments and diatomite effectively promotes the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes. Moreover, •O2-, 1O2, and •OH have been identified as the main active species in the colored photocatalyst systems. Notably, the colored photocatalysts may be used as dyes to make wall coverings, sofa covers, and so on, which could conceivably purify indoor air while playing a decorative role.

Estimating aerosol particle removal in indoor air by ion-enhanced deposition

Small air ions have the ability to charge airborne particles, thereby increasing their accumulation on surfaces. Indoor air purification by applying ionization uses electrostatic particle deposition. Respiratory pathogens, including viruses and respiratory droplets carrying viruses or other pathogens, represent bioaerosols, whose particle size distributions contain increasingly larger proportion of fine and ultrafine particles, as the evaporation process proceeds. We have generated two model aerosols: the nebulized NaCl solution, resembling human saliva, and the cigarette smoke, having relatively low water content. We have conducted real life experiments of such surrogate aerosol particle deposition without ionization, using bipolar ionization, as well as using unipolar negative air ions. Particle number concentrations have been measured in the 10 nm–10 μm particle size range. The calculated deposition rates and aerosol particle half-life times were correlated with bioaerosol pathogens based on the core pathogen sizes. Bipolar ionizers emitting equal concentrations of positive and negative ions had low impact to the particle concentration decrease. Intense negative air ionization resulted in pronounced deposition rate increases, particularly in the particle size range of viruses including the SARS-CoV-2. The impact of negative air ionization was most pronounced in the same size range where the deposition rates without ionization were the lowest. Therefore, the results are very promising from the standpoint of air purification and bioaerosol pathogen removal, bearing in mind that the effect of ions will be most pronounced if the unipolar ion rich air stream is directed towards the breathing zone.

A self-powered triboelectric negative ion generator in pipeline

Indoor air quality plays a critical role in maintaining human health and well-being. In this study, a novel self-powered and high-efficiency negative air ion (NAI) generator in pipeline is proposed for air purification in the ventilation system. The self-power is achieved by utilizing a novel device of wind energy triboelectric nanogenerator (WE-TENG) to efficiently harvest wind energy in the pipeline. The present WE-TENG of investigation can reach a high rotation speed of 1300 rpm at 5.5 m/s in the pipe with a pressure drop of 175 Pa. After the power management circuit, the self-powered NAI generator is capable to drive 21 carbon-fiber electrodes to generate NAIs, with a generation rate of 23.14 μC/s. The self-powered NAI generator efficiently generates a high volume of NAIs in the pipeline, harnessing the air-purifying properties of NAIs, thereby making a significant impact on the practical application of self-powered indoor air purification systems based on TENG.

Superior performance of formaldehyde complete oxidation at ambient temperature over Co single-atom catalysts

Cost-effective catalysts for the complete oxidation of formaldehyde (HCHO) are essential for indoor air purification and human health. Here, we report a precursor atomization strategy to synthesize cobalt single-atom catalysts (Co SACs), and the Co SACs show complete conversion of 50 ppm HCHO at room temperature and the catalysts are stable during at least 120 h. The HCHO oxidation activity of Co SACs outperforms all the reported non-noble catalysts at room temperature. DFT calculations and isotope experiments reveal the mechanism of HCHO removal over Co SACs that the decomposition of formate intermediates is the kinetically rate-determining step. The excellent formate intermediate decomposition ability of Co SACs is the key factor in achieving excellent HCHO oxidation performance. Considering the facile and versatile SACs synthesis approach, remarkable performance in HCHO abatement, as well as cheap cost, it is believed that this study may open a window for Co SACs industrial application.

Eco-friendly polyfunctional ceramic pigments: an approach

Purpose The purpose of this study is the synthesis and characterization of a CMYK palette (cyan of Cr-BiVO4, magenta of Pr-CeO2, yellow of Bi-(Ce,Zr)O2 composite and black of YMnO3) as an eco-friendly polyfunctional palette that combines (a) high near-infrared reflectance (cool pigments) that allows moderate temperatures in indoor environments and the urban heat island effect; (b) photocatalytic activity for the degradation of organic contaminants of emerging concern of substrates in solution (such as Orange II or methylene blue) and gaseous (NOx and volatile organic compounds such as acetaldehyde or toluene); (c) X-ray radiation attenuators associated with bismuth ions; and (d) biocidal effect combined with co-doping with bactericidal agents. Design/methodology/approach Pigments were prepared by a solid-state reaction and characterized by X-ray diffraction, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, photocatalytic activity over Orange II and scanning electron microscopy. Findings The behaviour of the proposed palette was compared to that of a commercial inkjet palette, and an improvement in all functionalities was observed. Social implications The functionalities of pigments allow the building envelope and indoor walls to exhibit temperature-moderating effects (with the additional effects of moderating global warming and increasing air conditioning efficiency), purification and disinfection of both indoor and outdoor air, and radiation attenuation. Originality/value The proposed palette and its polyfunctional characterization are novel.

Competitive adsorption and selectivity of water vapor/R134a on activated carbon for indoor air purification

As an efficient tracer gas of activated carbon filter quality testing, the use of R134a is limited by relative humidity (RH) due to water vapor competitive adsorption. To analyze the competitive effect, the isosteric heats between vapor and ASZMT were calculated by C–C equation, the adsorption selectivity was predicted using the DIH method, and the binary adsorption equilibrium of water vapor and R134a on ASZMT were investigated via IAST model. Results showed that water vapor exhibited a higher isosteric heat than R134a at the same adsorption capacity, indicating a stronger interaction with ASZMT. The water vapor/R134a adsorption selectivity on ASZMT increases from 0 to 6.6, proving that the ASZMT is more selective for water vapor than R134a with water vapor pressure increasing. Besides, with water vapor pressure ratio improving, the R134a adsorption capacity on ASZMT decreases obviously, but water vapor adsorption capacity keeps increasing continuously. R134a breakthrough curves (1000 ppm) also showed that with relative humidity increasing, the R134a breakthrough times and dynamic adsorption capacities both became shorter, from 15 min to 9 min and from 6.68 mg/g to 1.49 mg/g, respectively. It proves that R134a and water vapor have obvious competitive adsorption behavior which is mainly dominated by water vapor concentration. It is necessary for ppm-level R134a to control the lower relative humidity of airflow in application.

Core-dual-shell structure MnO2@Co–C@SiO2 nanofiber membrane for efficient indoor air cleaning

Developing cost-effective and high-efficient air purification materials for enhancing the indoor air quality has been an ongoing concern. Herein, MnO2/Co–C catalyst layers were wrapped on SiO2 nanofiber by a combination of thermal pyrolysis and redox reaction method to prepare catalytic membranes (MCCS-x) for the efficient purification of indoor PM and HCHO. The core-dual-shell structure maintains the pore structure of the membrane, providing high gas permeability of 670 m3·m−2·h−1·kPa−1. Owing to the introduction of MnO2/Co–C enhanced the capture of PM, the optimized MCCS-2 exhibits high filtration efficiency of PM0.3 and PM2.5 (99.60% and 99.99%) with a low pressure drop (<80 Pa). In addition, MCCS-2 achieves 100% HCHO removal efficiency at room temperature due to its large specific surface area, high redox property and abundant Mn4+ and oxygen species. The appropriate proportion of Mn/Co bimetallic sites synergy inhibits the formation of formate and carbonate intermediate species, thus MCCS-2 possesses excellent long-term catalytic stability than contrast sample (MCCS-3 and MS). This work demonstrates a new approach for the fabrication of high-performance catalytic membrane materials for indoor air purification.

Through-hole composite membrane with an ultrathin oxide shell for highly robust and transparent air filters

Exploring pore structures that are optically transparent and have high filtration efficiency for ultrafine dust is very important for realizing passive window filters for indoor air purification. Herein, a polyester track-etched (PETE) membrane with vertically perforated micropores is investigated as a cost-effective candidate for transparent window filters. The pore size, which governs transparency and filtration efficiency, can be precisely tuned by conformally depositing an ultrathin oxide layer on the PETE membrane via atomic layer deposition. The maximum visible light transmittance (∼81.2 %) was achieved with an alumina layer of approximately 55 nm, and the resulting composite membrane exhibited competitive filtration efficiency compared to commercial products. The chemically inert alumina layer also increased resistance to various external stimuli and enabled simple cleaning of the contaminated membrane surface with a solvent. The membrane installed on an insect screen effectively maintained its filtration performance (∼85 % for PM2.5) even after 10 reuse cycles under extremely harsh conditions (PM2.5 concentration: ∼5000 μg cm−3). The proposed through-hole composite membrane can expand the choice of aesthetic window filters to situations that require high outside visibility and daylighting.

Effects of indoor air purification intervention on blood pressure, blood‑oxygen saturation, and heart rate variability: A double-blinded cross-over randomized controlled trial of healthy young adults

The use of indoor air purifier (IAP) has received growing attention as a mitigation strategy for reducing indoor air pollution, but the evidence on their cardiovascular benefits is unclear. This study aims to evaluate whether the use of IAP can reduce the adverse effects of indoor particulate matter (PM) on cardiovascular health among young healthy population. A randomized, double-blind, cross-over, IAP intervention of 38 college students was conducted. The participants were assigned into two groups to receive the true and sham IAPs for 36 h in random order. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP; DBP), blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), heart rate variability (HRV) and indoor size-fractioned particulate matter (PM) were real-time monitored throughout the intervention. We found that IAP could reduce indoor PM by 41.7–50.5 %. Using IAP was significantly associated with a reduction of 2.96 mmHg (95 % CI: −5.71, −0.20) in SBP. Increased PM was significantly associated with increased SBP (e.g., 2.17 mmHg [0.53, 3.81], 1.73 mmHg [0.32, 3.14] and 1.51 mmHg [0.28, 2.75] for an IQR increment of PM1 [16.7 μg/m3], PM2.5 [20.6 μg/m3] and PM10 [37.9 μg/m3] at lag 0–2 h, respectively) and decreased SpO2 (−0.44 % [−0.57, −0.29], −0.41 % [−0.53, −0.30] and − 0.40 % [−0.51, −0.30] for PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 at lag 0–1 h, respectively), which could last for about 2 h. Using IAPs could halve indoor PM levels, even in relatively low air pollution settings. The exposure-response relationships suggested that the benefits of IAPs on BP may only be observed when indoor PM exposure is reduced to a certain level.

Study on Preparation and Performance of a Novel Indoor Purification Material

As known to all, the quality of indoor air directly affects people’s health. Although the existence of indoor air purification products has some purification functions, there are also a variety of shortcomings. For example, activated carbon can only physically adsorb formaldehyde and cannot decompose formaldehyde, which is easy to saturate and causes secondary pollution. Based on a Japanese patent, an air purification product reacts with formaldehyde to produce N-substituted imines. Meanwhile, the products are not small molecules such as water and carbon dioxide, thus the reaction is slow and cannot meet all of the people’s needs. In this paper, a novel kind of indoor purification material is studied, which is a kind of Nanoparticle with strong oxidizing properties, showing a good function in removing formaldehyde, toluene, and other harmful gases as well as sterilization. In addition, the purification performance has been verified and compared with that of activated carbon commonly used in the market and an air purification product based on a Japanese patent, in which the main components are organic amine and amide complex. A series of experimental results show that the adsorption efficiency and capacity of the new adsorption purification material developed in this paper are much higher than those in the market. The adsorption capacity is 1.80 times that of activated carbon, and 1.13 times that of a Japanese famous brand formaldehyde removal product; The adsorption rate of the new adsorption and purification material is two times that of activated carbon, and 1.56 times that of a Japanese famous brand formaldehyde removal product. Furthermore, the new adsorption purification material has a strong inhibitory effect on common bacteria. The active substances contained in the material oxidize common bacteria in the air. The antibacterial rate of representative Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumonia is greater than 99%, and the antibacterial rate of Candida albicans is 96.3%. In addition, it is non-toxic, low cost, and can well meet people’s purification needs.

Amino groups modified MnOx‐PUF applied in indoor air purification: removing formaldehyde at room temperature

AbstractIndoor formaldehyde (HCHO) pollution has more and more serious adverse effects on human health, it is urgent to develop a material that can be embedded in the air purifier to achieve HCHO's degradation efficiently. In this work, based on the carrier material of polyurethane foam (PUF) modified by amino groups diethanolamine (DEA), we propose a strategy to prepare a manganese oxide compound catalyst (DEA‐MnOx‐PUF). During the static testing (CHCHO: 11.591 ppm, T: 25 °C), the catalyst shows higher HCHO removal efficiency (93.9 %) than that of unmodified MnOx‐PUF catalyst (88.6 %), and it achieves high HCHO‐to‐CO2 conversion (68.5 %). Additionally, during the continuous single‐pass catalysis testing (CHCHO: 11.591 ppm, T: 25 °C, 240000 mL/(gcath)), HCHO removal efficiency can be maintained around at 95 % within 50 hours. The excellent performance is attributed to the continuous decomposition of intermediates during the catalytic process by amino groups cross‐linked on the surface of the catalyst. Based on the block whole MnOx‐based catalyst DEA‐MnOx‐PUF, this work will provide a new route to develop a powerful purifier material with long‐term efficient removal of HCHO.

Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of indoor formaldehyde by sepiolite decorated with TiO2 nanoparticles: Effects of key preparation parameters

In this study, natural sepiolite was employed as the support of TiO2 for improving the photocatalytic degradation activity for indoor formaldehyde (HCHO) under solar light. The various TiO2/sepiolite composites were prepared to investigate the effect of TiO2 loading amount and crystallization temperature on HCHO degradation performance. The composite with TiO2 loading amount of 50% and 500 °C exhibited the optimal performance, whose mineralization rate was up to around 2.63 times higher than that of pure TiO2. The performance enhancement mainly resulted from the uniform deposition of TiO2 with smaller grain size on sepiolite surface, leading to more exposed active sites, higher quantum efficiency and faster carrier separation efficiency. As a result, more active radicals were generated in composite thereby boosting the HCHO degradation performance. Overall, our study improve the understanding on the photocatalytic oxidation of HCHO by mineral-based photocatalyst, thereby promoting the practical application in indoor air purification.

Effect of PM concentration on anemia blood indicators reduced by air purifiers

Housewives perform daily household chores, which directly expose them to indoor particulate matter (PM). Indoor PM exposure is a potential factor that increases systemic inflammation and affects hematopoietic action. This study investigated the decrease in indoor PM concentration by air purifiers on indicators of anemia, such as hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). We analyzed the data of 40 housewives who were subjected to an air purifier intervention in Seoul and Ulsan, Republic of Korea. Indoor exposure levels of PM2.5 and PM10 were analyzed with sensor adjusted and gravimetric measurement. We also investigated the same anemia indicators before and after the installation of an air purifier for three months (short-term: one month, long-term: three months). Statistical analysis was performed by a multiple linear model and a linear mixed model. The indoor PM exposure levels and air purifier use were related to anemia indicators (hemoglobin and MCHC). The increase in indoor PM2.5 level was associated with a decrease in MCHC (β: 0.034, P = 0.031) and hemoglobin (β: 0.013, P = 0.04). The decrease in indoor PM2.5 concentration by air purifier was associated with an increase in MCHC (β: 0.204, P = 0.087) and hemoglobin (β: 0.190, P = 0.039). In particular, after air purifier intervention, the amounts of MCHC and hemoglobin significantly increased. Our results suggest that indoor air purifier use could decrease indoor PM level and the risk of anemia to housewives. Because the effect on anemia is subacute, it was confirmed three months after air purifier operation. In conclusion, anemia indicators can be improved by PM reduction management.

Electrospinning synthesis of CuBTC/TiO2/PS composite nanofiber on HEPA filter with self-cleaning property for indoor air purification

In this study, we have developed a cure for indoor air pollution. Herein, we have fabricated CuBTC metal-organic framework MOF combined with TiO2 nanoparticle hybrid material by solvothermal method and obtained it in powder form. The CuBTC/TiO2 hybrid material absorbed toluene higher than TiO2 and CuBTC. CuBTC/TiO2 powder hinders its practical application, however, for the first time, CuBTC/TiO2/PS-based nanofibers were electrospun on a commercial HEPA filter using the electrospinning process in order to examine their air-filtering capabilities. This air filter exhibited 98.6% adsorption efficiency and 129.45 mg g-1 toluene gas adsorption capacity, although pristine HEPA was incapable of absorbing toluene. After the saturated point, a self-cleaning strategy was employed under UV light for regeneration purposes. In addition, the CuBTC/TiO2/PS nanofiber demonstrated superior PM2.5 removal performance, with a 99.82% filtration rate. Compared to a pure HEPA filter, the CuBTC/TiO2/PS-C nanofiber-based HEPA filter has a very high filtration rate and negligible pressure drop when evaluated at various airflow velocities. This study gives significant insight into the design of a self-cleaning nanofiber air filter to protect public health from indoor air pollution and save lives in the near future.

Long-lifetime water-washable ceramic catalyst filter for air purification

Particulate matter (PM) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are recognised as hazardous air pollutants threatening human health. Disposable filters are generally used for air purification despite frequent replacement and waste generation problems. However, the development of a novel regenerable and robust filter for long-term use is a huge challenge. Here, we report on a new class of facile water-washing regenerable ceramic catalyst filters (CCFs), developed to simultaneously remove PM (>95%) and VOCs (>82%) in single-pass and maximized space efficiency by coating the inner and outer filter channels with an inorganic membrane and a Cu2O/TiO2 photocatalyst, respectively. The CCFs reveal four-fold increase in the maximum dust loading capacity (approximately 20 g/L) in relation to conventional filters (5 g/L), and can be reused after ten regeneration capability with simple water washing retaining initial PM and VOC removal performances. Thus, the CCFs can be well-suited for indoor and outdoor air purification for 20 years, which shows a huge increase in lifetime compared to the 6-month lifespan of conventional filters. Finally, we believe that the development and implementation of CCFs for air purification can open new avenues for sustainable technology through renewability and zero-waste generation.

Novel insights into indoor air purification capability of microalgae: characterization using multiple air quality parameters and comparison with common methods.

Indoor air purification received more attention recently. In this study, the effects of six common indoor ornamental plants (Epripremnum aureum, Chlorphytum comosum, Aloe vera, Sedum sediforme, Cereus cv. Fairy Castle, and Sedum adolphii) and three kinds of microalgae (Chlorella sp. HQ, Scenedesmus sp. LX1, and C. vulgaris) on the removal of four types of air pollutants (particulate matters less than 2.5 (PM2.5) and 10 μm (PM10) in size, formaldehyde (HCHO) and total volatile organic compounds (VOCS)) in test chamber compared with common physical purification methods (high efficiency particulate air filter and nano activated carbon absorption) were investigated. Their effects on oxygen, carbon dioxide, and relative humidity were also evaluated. The results showed that microalgae, especially C. vulgaris, was more suitable for removing PM2.5 and PM10, and the removal rates were 55.42 ± 25.77% and 45.76 ± 5.32%, respectively. The removal rates of HCHO and VOCs by all three kings of microalgae could reach 100%. Part of ornamental plants took a longer time to achieve 100% removal of HCHO and VOCs. Physical methods were weaker than ornamental plants and microalgae in terms of increased relative humidity and O2 content. In general, microalgae, especially C. vulgaris could purify indoor air pollutants more efficiently. The above studies provided data and theoretical support for the purification of indoor air pollutants by microalgae.

Recent Developments in Photocatalytic Nanotechnology for Purifying Air Polluted with Volatile Organic Compounds: Effect of Operating Parameters and Catalyst Deactivation

Photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) is a successful method for indoor air purification, especially for removing low-concentration pollutants. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) form a class of organic pollutants that are released into the atmosphere by consumer goods or via human activities. Once they enter the atmosphere, some might combine with other gases to create new air pollutants, which can have a detrimental effect on the health of living beings. This review focuses on current developments in the degradation of indoor pollutants, with an emphasis on two aspects of PCO: (i) influence of environmental (external) conditions; and (ii) catalyst deactivation and possible solutions. TiO2 is widely used as a photocatalyst in PCO because of its unique properties. Here, the potential effects of the operating parameters, such as the nature of the reactant, catalyst support, light intensity, and relative humidity, are extensively investigated. Then the developments and limitations of the PCO technique are highlighted, especially photocatalyst deactivation. Furthermore, the nature and deactivation mechanisms of photocatalysts are discussed, with possible solutions for reducing catalyst deactivation. Finally, the challenges and future directions of PCO technology for the elimination of indoor pollutants are compared and summarized.

Photoelectrochemical Oxidation Assisted Indoor Air Purification Mitigates Aerosolized Cat Dander Induced Allergic Asthma in a Murine Model

Air purification products help improve indoor air quality by neutralizing aeroallergens such as animal dander proteases. However, there are limited in-vivo models to assess the efficacy of these devices. We have developed and investigated a novel animal model of experimental asthma using aerosolized cat dander extract (CDE) exposure.