Purchase Quantity Research Articles

Short-Asking with Long-Encouraging (SALE): A simple method to increase purchase quantity

Short-Asking with Long-Encouraging (SALE): A simple method to increase purchase quantity

Conceptual principles of forecasting demand on the day-ahead market using changes in hourly bidded demand between previous similar days

On the basis of the Law on the Electricity Market adopted in 2017, the retail electricity market in Ukraine opened on January 1, 2019, and later, on July 1, 2019, the wholesale electricity market was launched. The day-ahead market (DAM) is one of the key segments of the Ukrainian electricity market. In order to implement trading strategy and successfully conduct business, to maximize the economic results in the specified market segment, it is important to understand the market situation and the structure of demand and supply. One of the indicators that must be taken into account when planning sales in the course of one’s activity is the demand for electrical energy. Currently, there are no universal algorithms in Ukraine suitable for short-term (per day) forecasting of the amount of electrical energy that will be traded on DAM. Therefore, to solve such a problem, a specialized forecasting algorithm is proposed. The basis of the developed algorithm is the possibility of considering the formulated problem in a parametric form, where, as indicators, the forecast and real data of the hourly demand on the DAM are used. At the same time, in order to find the forecast hourly demand on the market “a day ahead” – the values of the unknown indicators of the problem – an iterative method of their search is used based on statistical data of the amount of electricity purchases on the DAM, using the principle of multi-iteration analysis of changes in demand for previous similar days. The proposed algorithm is implemented in the MS Excel package, which indicates its versatility and ease of use. The high speed of obtaining a solution to the formulated problem is shown.

Research on Product Selection Model for Small E-Commerce Stores Based on Improved RFM Model

Traditionally, merchants determine whether to enter or exit the market based on the product life cycle. However in the era of e-commerce, the needs of customers are constantly changing, and the life cycle of products is very short. If a merchants accidentally enters the market during the recession period, it may lead to business failure. Therefore, stores must evaluate the value of their products in real time, grasp the trend of product value, and adjust their business direction in a timely manner to ensure the sustainability of their operations. The RFM model is a customer value evaluation model, which includes three important indicators: purchase proximity R, purchase frequency F, and purchase amount M. Products also have indicators such as proximity of purchase, frequency of purchase, and amount of purchase. Therefore, in this article, we propose a products value evaluation model based on the RFM model. In the model, we use the entropy weight method to assign weights to various indicators. Through empirical calculation, analysis, and testing of the business data of sample stores, we confirm that the model is effective in Product Selection for small e-commerce stores.

The effects of constrained mobile coupons in the mobile channel

Despite the popularity of constrained mobile coupons in recent years, little research has examined their effectiveness. This paper presents a hidden Markov model (HMM) framework to examine the short-term and long-term effectiveness of minimum-threshold coupons (i.e., threshold-constrained coupons) and limited-time, low-price coupons (i.e., time-constrained coupons). We find that both of them boost consumers' purchase probability during the coupon redemption period. Furthermore, minimum-threshold coupons not only increase consumers’ purchase quantity during the redemption period, but also improve the customer-firm relationship beyond the redemption period. By contrast, limited-time, low-price coupons strengthen the customer-firm relationship only for consumers in a higher relationship state but not a lower relationship state. This study can help marketers allocate limited marketing resources effectively, strengthen and manage the relationship between consumers and firms, and increase product sales.

How is retargeting related to purchase incidence, channel choice, and purchase quantity?

How is retargeting related to purchase incidence, channel choice, and purchase quantity?

Restrictively Framed Promotions Hurt Retailers: The Role of Promotion Induced Reactance

Retailers offer many in-store promotions to increase sales. In-store price promotions, and especially, multiunit discounts, are common across retail settings. The purpose of this research is to propose and test the impact of a prevalent, but unexamined, multiunit promotional frame (discount with “must buy X”) on consumers’ perceptions of value and purchase intention. We argue that a promotional frame that explicitly mandates the minimum purchase quantity that consumers need to buy to avail of the promotion is perceived unfavorably by consumers. As an alternative to this restrictive promotional frame, we propose the economically equivalent but differently framed promotion (discount with “bundle of X”). Our findings show that, compared to the restrictively framed promotion (“must buy”), a promotion framed as a “bundle” leads to lower promotion-induced reactance, and thereby, higher perceived value, and higher purchase intention. We discuss the theoretical and managerial implications of these findings.

Evaluating the impact of marketing interventions on sugar-free and sugar-sweetened soft drink sales and sugar purchases in a fast-food restaurant setting

BackgroundBeverages high in added sugar, such as sugar-sweetened soft drinks, continue to be associated with various health issues. This study examines the effects of a manufacturer-initiated multicomponent intervention on the sales of sugar-free (SFD) and sugar-sweetened (SSD) soft drinks and the amount of sugar people purchase from soft drinks in a fast-food restaurant setting.MethodsA database of monthly sales data of soft drinks from January 2016 to December 2018 was obtained from three treatment and three control fast-food restaurants. A multicomponent intervention consisting of free coupons, point-of-purchase displays, a menu board, and two sugar-free replacements for sugar-sweetened soft drinks was introduced in August 2018 for five months in Western Sydney, Australia. A retrospective interrupted time series analysis was used to model the data and examine the effects of the interventions on SFD and SSD sales and their consequential impact on sugar purchases from soft drinks. The analyses were carried out for volume sales in litres and sugar in grams per millilitre of soft drinks sales. A comparison of these measures within the treatment site (pre- and post-intervention) and between sites (treatment and control) was conducted.ResultsThe interventions had a statistically significant impact on SFDs but not SSDs. On average, SFD sales in the treatment site were 56.75% higher than in the control site. Although SSD sales were lower in the treatment site, the difference with the control site was not statistically significant. The net reduction of 6.34% in the amount of sugar purchased from soft drinks between sites during the experimental period was attributed to the interventions.ConclusionsThe interventions significantly increased SFD sales and reduced sugar purchases in the short run. Aside from free coupons, the findings support the recommendation for fast food restaurants to nudge customers towards choosing SFDs through point-of-purchase displays and the replacement of popular SSDs with their SFD counterparts.

Characteristics of antimicrobial residues in manure composts from swine farms: Residual patterns, removal efficiencies, and relation to purchased quantities and composting methods in Japan

Present study provides first comprehensive results on the residual levels of 19 antimicrobial (AM) residues in 12 Japanese swine manure composting facilities that use open or enclosed types of treatment methods. Tilmicosin (14000 μg/kg d.w.) and tiamulin (15000 μg/kg d.w.) were present in the highest concentrations in manure composts. Morantel (MRT) had the highest detection frequency (100%) in compost, suggesting its ubiquitous usage and resistance to degradation during composting. Sulfamethoxazole had low detection frequencies and concentrations, likely due to limited partitioning to the solid phase. A positive correlation (p < 0.05) between purchasing quantities and residue levels in manure composts was detected for fluoroquinolones (FQs). The removal efficiencies of AMs in enclosed-type facilities were lower and more inconsistent than those in open-type facilities. Tetracyclines (TCs), lincomycin, and trimethoprim were easily removed from open-type facilities, whereas FQs and MRT persisted in both facilities. After discontinuing the usage of oxytetracycline (OTC), TCs concentrations reduced drastically in input materials, remained pseudo-persistent in composts for up to 4 months, suggesting a time lag for composting and were not detected (<10 µg/kg) after 4 months of OTC withdrawal. This study emphasizes on the effectiveness of manure composting methods in reducing AM residues in swine waste.

ANALISIS KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PRODUK “LELONG” PADA MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN EKONOMI FKIP UNIVERSITAS TANJUNGPURA

One of the products that students are interested in today is the products of imported used goods that are often referred to as "shell". The study is aimed at analyzing the purchasing decisions of retail products in FKIP University of Tanjungpura Economic Education Students. Research approach using qualitative and case study research methods. The data source used is the primary source. The sampling technique uses Purposive Sampling where samples are selected based on specific considerations. The informants of this study are students of economics education force 2019 - 2021 who have purchased clothing products at auction at least 3 times. Data collection techniques are interviews, literature, and observation. Data analysis methods include data reduction, data presentation, conclusion withdrawal. The results show that the basic aspects of consumer behavior are the cultural aspects due to foreign fashion; the social aspects are the products of clothing auctions presented by close relatives; the psychological aspects with a simple, fashionable and economical lifestyle. While the dimension of consideration of the purchase decision is the selection of products with detail in terms of quality and price; the choice of different brands has different quality characteristics of materials and models; complete store / location and friendly service; time of purchase without planned, make a purchase when looking at a good auction product; the number of purchases vary with the amount of purchase between Rs5,000-Rp200,000.

The value of buyer financing with a minimum quantity commitment in pull supply chains

This paper studies a pull supply chain where a capital-abundant retailer sources from a capital-constrained manufacturer and offers the manufacturer a special buyer financing with a minimum purchase quantity commitment. We characterize the equilibrium solutions for different financing schemes, including bank financing and the special buyer financing. Compared with bank financing, we find that the special buyer financing always benefits the whole supply chain. When the margin of the business is high, the retailer (manufacturer) will be better off (worse off) under special buyer financing. When the margin of the business is moderate, both the retailer and the manufacturer can benefit from the special buyer financing. When the margin of the business is low, the retailer refuses to offer a loan. In addition, we study the impact of demand variability on the performance of the supply chain and find that the special buyer financing can resist the risk caused by demand variability. Further, we extend the model and find that the retailer and the manufacturer have different attitudes towards differential wholesale prices under the special buyer financing. Finally, we examine the value of quantity commitment in buyer financing, and our results show that whether the quantity commitment can play a positive role in buyer financing scheme depends on the margin of the business.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE PURCHASE PRICE OF GAYO ARABICA COFFEE BEANS (CASE STUDY OF BAITUL QIRADH BABURRAYAN COOPERATIVE)

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence the purchase price of Gayo Arabica coffee beans in the Baitul Qiradh Baburrayan Cooperative. The data used in this research is secondary data. The analytical method used in this study is quantitative analysis using SPSS version 25 and using an analytical model using multiple linear regression analysis. The results of research data processing show a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.898, this means that the variables of purchase quantity, moisture content, and trace content have a very strong relationship of 89.8 percent and have a significant effect on the purchase price of coffee together. By partial test in this study the variables that have a significant effect on the purchase price are the moisture content and trace levels.

Aplikasi Metode EOQ Dalam Efisiensi Total Biaya Persediaan dan Optimasi Pengendalian Persediaan Bahan Baku Thinner di PT. XYZ

Raw material procurement policies play an important role in the production activities of a company. In order to maintain customer trust, PT. XYZ is very concerned about the quality and timeliness of the products it produces. This research was conducted to analyze raw material procurement policies and apply the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) method which is considered effective as a measure to optimize inventory control efforts and minimize total inventory costs. This study shows that the total inventory cost (TIC) using EOQ has a more economical amount of Rp. 150,080, compared to the TIC resulting from company policy, namely Rp. 967,671. The EOQ model also takes into account the economical purchasing process which is carried out 5 times a year with a purchase quantity of 239 units per order, reorders are made when the remaining stock is 44 units and safety stock is 32 units. In order to maximize the inventory function, the maximum stock or limit on the availability of stock in the warehouse is also taken into account, which is 277 units.

Making opportunity sales in attended home delivery

Research on time window management in attended home delivery mainly focuses on influencing customers’ delivery time choices to reduce monetary and environmental costs. In this study, we adopt a different perspective and propose exploiting otherwise idle time and vehicle capacities to generate extra profits through opportunity sales for e-groceries. We consider nudging potential target customers (residing in locations that are ”easy” to insert into the delivery tours) with push notifications to generate new sales. These customers are incentivized for purchases by dropping the terms imposed on standard e-grocery sales such as service fees or minimum purchase quantities. Managing the delivery operations for this innovative business model requires concurrently choosing the target customers and planning the vehicle routes under the offer acceptance and response time uncertainties. To solve this challenging problem, we propose an integer linear programming model that enables a decomposition of the problem into a routing problem and several customer selection problems. For the solution to the customer selection problems, we propose mathematical models with varying risk-taking levels. We also investigate the benefits of dynamic policies to take advantage of the information revealed during the delivery operations in order to adjust customer selection and vehicle routing decisions. Our extensive numerical experiments show that these models, equipped with dynamic decision making, can compete with the risk-ignorant models for the total profit while generating more sales per offer, as well as ensuring timely execution of the delivery operations.

Penerapan Metode Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) Pada UD MBO Bakery di Kabupaten Jember

This research is a type of quantitative descriptive research with the aim of analyzing the optimal amount of wheat flour raw material inventory, safety stock, reoder point, total cost and comparing the company's conventional method of wheat flour raw material inventory control system with the EOQ method. The analytical tools used are the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) method, order frequency, ROP (reorder point), SS (safety stock), TIC (Total Inventory Cost), and POM-QM software. Based on the results of the analysis, it is known that in 2022 the purchase of UD MBO Bakery raw materials was 139,575 kg with an order quantity of 2,908 kg or 116 bags/order and an order frequency of 50 times/year with an average of 4 times/month and a total inventory cost of IDR 3,919,700.00. Calculations using the EOQ method obtained the optimal amount of raw material purchases in 2022 of 8,063 kg or 322 bags per order with a frequency of purchases of 17 times/year or orders every 18 days and the total cost of inventory using the EOQ method is IDR 2,419,040.81. This shows that calculations using the EOQ method can save total inventory costs of IDR 1,500,659.19.

Examining Cigar Pack Quantity Purchases by Cigar Type in the United States Between 2014 and 2017.

We examined whether the proportion of cigar pack quantity usually purchased differed between 2014 and 2017 in the United States. Data are from waves 1 and 4 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. The proportions of pack quantity purchases between waves for premium cigars, large cigars, cigarillos, and filtered cigars for 10-pack quantities (singles, 2-packs, 3-packs, 4-packs, 5-packs, 6-9-packs, 10-packs, 11--19-packs, 20-packs, ≥21 packs) were compared using Z-tests. We used multivariable linear regressions to examine factors associated with pack quantity. For premium cigars, most adults purchased singles, with 84.4% in 2014 and 88.7% in 2017. For large cigars, single purchases increased from 46.2% to 62.7% (p < .00001). Two-packs also increased, 3.1% to 10.2% (p < .00001), while 5-packs, 6-9 packs, 10-19-packs, and 20-packs decreased. For cigarillos, singles purchases increased from 51.9% to 57.5% (p = .0002). Two-packs also increased, 8.8% to 19.6% (p < .00001), while 3-packs, 4-packs, 5-packs, and 20-packs decreased. For filtered cigars, the most prevalent pack quantity shifted from 20-packs in 2014 (62.6%) to singles in 2017 (36.7%). Singles, 2-packs, 3-4-packs, and 5-packs increased while 11-19-packs, 20-packs, and ≥21 packs decreased. Days used were positively associated with pack quantity purchase for all cigar types in 2017, while the price was positively associated with premium cigar purchase. Between 2014 and 2017, the proportion of consumers who purchased singles remained at over 80% for premium cigars and increased for other cigars. Continued monitoring of use behaviors, including pack quantities by cigar type, is needed as the market and policy landscapes continue shifting. Single cigar purchases are prominent across cigar types. Five-packs and 20-packs were the second most common pack quantities across cigar types, with relatively low proportions for other pack quantities. These findings suggest adults consuming premium cigars consistently prefer singles, a pattern that was found across cigar types. However, when considering purchases made online, premium cigars are widely purchased in larger pack quantities. Age and race were associated with purchase for some cigar types at some years, days used were associated with the purchase quantity in 2017 for all cigar types, and price was positively associated across time periods for only premium cigar purchases. Thus, the factors associated with cigar pack quantity purchase remain unclear. As the cigar policy landscape shifts, continued monitoring of the purchase behaviors by cigar type will be important to better inform future cigar policies.

New Loan Payment Calculator Tool Launched

The Center for Ag Profitability has released its Loan Payment Calculator, a web-based tool that makes it easy to calculate annual loan payments. Users must enter the total purchase amount, down payment amount, annual interest rate (APR), duration in years, and the starting year of the loan. The calculator tool allows users to download the payment schedule, also called amortization, as a PDF or CSV file.

PERANCANGAN DASHBOARD UNTUK PEMANTAUAN TERHADAP KEBUTUHAN PEMBELIAN MATERIAL PADA PT XYZ MENGGUNAKAN METODE OLAP

This XYZ company is engaged in Agribusiness. In the process of coconut processing palm oil needs the help of materials such as iron, steel, and so on. The data to be processed from this company is material purchasing data. Of course, processing this data requires an application from the business intelligence or commonly abbreviated as Business Intelligence or BI. Deployed BI application is a dashboard to display the amount of material purchases along with targets, Order Unit, Category, Location, and Date. The process is created with perform ETL processing on OLTP, and OLAP data. Then will make dashboard using Power BI which is then uploaded to the website so that it can be accessed by users online. In this research method using the OLAP method. This OLAP method aims to analyze deeper data regarding the year, month, and date. Analyze in more detail using drilldown. The drilldown is used in order to be able to analyze in detail the amount of material purchase requirements which will be analyzed in more depth regarding the achievement of material purchasing needs. The final result of this research is a dashboard. This can be used as a reference by the user for material monitoring and analysis

Induced green innovation of suppliers: The “green power” from major customers

In the context of green development, the major challenge is to incentivize companies as key players to participate in green innovation. This paper focuses on the market incentive mechanism for green innovation to investigate whether major customers with green development concepts can enhance the green innovation of upstream suppliers, which means the “green power” from major customers. The research is based on paired data of Chinese A-share listed companies and their major clients from 2009 to 2018. The findings show that: (1) Major customers with green development concepts can enhance the green innovation of upstream suppliers, and this conclusion remains robust after a series of tests. (2) The study also identifies the influence mechanisms, which include: (a increasing the purchase amount to green suppliers, and (b providing green innovation-related resource support to upstream suppliers. (3) Heterogeneity analysis shows that major customers with green development concepts can significantly drive the green innovation of private and smaller suppliers to a greater extent. (4) The induced green innovation of suppliers from major accounts is more significant in samples with high customer concentration. This research identifies the “green power” from major customers as an important market mechanism for incentivizing green innovation. The conclusions of this paper will lead to some policy implications for the promotion of green innovation and the construction of green supply chains.

Pengaruh Brand Image Dan Promosi Penjualan Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) Cabang Sipin Di Kota Jambi (Studi Kasus KFC Sipin)

This research consist of independent variable that is brand image, promotion and dependent variable that is purchasing decision. The formulation of the problem how the influence of independent variable to the dependent variable simultanesously and partially. Lifestyle indicators among others : activities, interest and opinion. The indicator of consumers purchasing decisions are product selection, brand choice, distributor choice, time of purchase, purchase amount. Meansuremen of each indicator of lifestyle as well as the consumers purchasing decision to buy the product Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) Branch of Jambi City above using descriptive analysis using interval scale.Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) was founded by Colonel Harland Sanders is one of the global businesses in the food service industry and is widely known throughout the world as the face of Colonel Sanders. KFC is known especially for its fried chicken.Regression equations y = 5,117 + 1,003 = 6,12, value determinasions (R2) = 0,585 that meanst the amount of contribution the variable lifestyle (X) able to influence variable consumer purchasing decisions (Y) of 58,5% while the remaining 41,5% are influenced by other variables outside this study.

Analisis Kesediaan Membayar (Willingness to Pay) Konsumen Terhadap Produk Kopi Berlabel Fairtrade di Berbagai Wilayah Indonesia

The increase in demand for coffee has not been in line with the increase in the welfare of the farmers. Fairtrade certification has a social premium for ensuring the welfare of farmers, but companies must anticipate higher production costs. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of consumers of coffee products in Indonesia, analyze the maximum WTP (Willingness to Pay) average value, and the factors that influence this value. This research was conducted in various regions in Indonesia with a sample of 218 respondents. Analysis was performed using descriptive analysis method, contingent valuation method (CVM) analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the average coffee consumer was a woman aged 21-30 years, undergraduate education level, income less than IDR 2,000,000, bought 2-4 coffees per month, and had a moderate knowledge score. Respondents who were willing to pay more were 199 respondents with an average value of readiness to pay a maximum of IDR 4,909.55 and a total WTP aggregate value of IDR 977,000.00. Gender Factors, age, education level, income level, purchase quantity, attitude towards the environment, and lifestyle simultaneously influence the WTP value of Fairtrade coffee, while gender, knowledge, and lifestyle factors do not partially affect the WTP value of coffee Fairtrade label.