Pumping Capacity Research Articles

Research of static and dynamic characteristics of a process system ‘electric drive-fluid-handling machine-pipeline’

<p>The paper offers the obtained quantitative assessment of the performance and energy parameters of a process system composed of an asynchronous motor, a fluid-handling machine and a pipeline when using two methods of performance control, in particular, throttling and speed control methods. Taking into account nonlinearity of mathematical representation of fluid-handling machines and asynchronous drive motors, the starting conditions were analysed using nonlinear differential calculus. The calculations for the models were performed using the MATLAB software package. Transient profiles of flow and head, stator current, angular frequency and torque of an asynchronous motor were obtained at pump startup and control of pump capacity. It has been found that the developed mathematical model of a process system composed of an asynchronous motor, a fluid-handling machine and a pipeline allows obtaining quantitative estimation of the performance and energy parameters of the unit when using two methods of the pump capacity control. The use of frequency method allows to decrease the pump rotation speed and significantly reduce the power consumed by the unit and provide energy-saving mode of operation, the economic efficiency of which depends on the range of feed control.</p>

Efek tinggi hisap terhadap kapasistas pompa sentrifugal

Centrifugal pumps are one type of pump commonly used in the industry, particularly in the processing and distribution of clean water. The characteristics of these pumps can be determined by varying the flow rate at a certain height. A study was conducted to investigate the effects of three different pump heights (3.5 m, 4.5 m, and 5.5 m) on the efficiency of a centrifugal pump using water at a temperature of 31℃. The results showed that the maximum overall efficiency was obtained at a height of 4.5 m with a value of 33.22% and a total head of 23.39 m. The pump height was found to have an impact on the pump capacity, with higher pump positions resulting in an increased occurrence of cavitation bubbles in the suction pipe, leading to a decrease in pump performance. Therefore, the placement of centrifugal pumps should be carefully considered, taking into account factors such as height and distance of the suction pipe, to minimize cavitation and achieve optimal pump performance.

Plethysmography: A game changer for chronic venous insufficiency diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up.

Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI) presents a various clinical symptoms and treatment options. Although it is generally known which treatment option is more appropriate in which situations in CVI, it is even more difficult to find the right option in some uncertain situations. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential contribution of Digital Photoplethysmography (D-PPG) in the diagnosis of CVI and especially in the selection of treatment options. This retrospective study was conducted at Bursa Heart and Arrhythmia Hospital, involving 721 consecutive patients diagnosed with CVI and with Endovenous Laser Ablation (EVLA) indication. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the extent of the failure in Doppler USG. In Group 1, the insufficiency ended above the knee, and in Group 2, the insufficiency progressed to below the knee. Patients were evaluated based on anamnesis, physical examination, Doppler USG, and D-PPG. Clinical classification, Venous Clinic Severity Score (VCSS), Quality of Life (QoL) assessment, venous pump capacity (VPC), and venous refill time (VRT) were measured. The study included 263 male and 458 female patients with a mean age of 52.37 ± 12.26years. Significant differences were observed between Group 1 (above knee reflux) and Group 2 (below knee reflux) patients in terms of VCSS, QoL, VPC, and VRT values. The mean values of VCSS, patient complaints, VPC, and VRT were higher in Group 2 patients. Similar findings were observed within the CEAP 2 subgroup. D-PPG shows potential as a valuable tool in the diagnosis and treatment of CVI. By providing information about venous hemodynamics and volume changes, it can assist in optimizing treatment decisions, including saphenous vein preservation. Combining D-PPG with Doppler USG may improve the comprehensive assessment of CVI and change the treatment option, especially for CEAP 2 patients. More research is needed to confirm these findings and explore wider applications of plethysmographic methods in the management of CVI.

An intelligent wearable artificial pancreas patch based on a microtube glucose sensor and an ultrasonic insulin pump

In order to improve the living standards of diabetes patients and reduce the negative health effects of this disease, the medical community has been actively searching for more effective treatments. In recent years, an artificial pancreas has emerged as an important approach to managing diabetes. Despite these recent advances, meeting the requirements for miniaturized size, accurate sensing and large-volume pumping capability remains a great challenge. Here, we present a novel miniaturized artificial pancreas based on a long microtube sensor integrated with an ultrasonic pump. Our device meets the requirements of achieving both accurate sensing and high pumping capacity. The artificial pancreas is constructed based on a long microtube that is low cost, painless and simple to operate, where the exterior of the microtube is fabricated as a glucose sensor for detecting diabetes and the interior of the microtube is used as a channel for delivering insulin through an ultrasonic pump. This work successfully achieved closed-loop control of blood glucose and treatment of diabetes in rats. It is expected that this work can open up new methodologies for the development of microsystems, and advance the management approach for diabetes patients.

Influence of Geology, Hydrogeology, and Climate on Ground Source Heat Pump Distribution in Slovenia and Selected European Countries

Shallow geothermal energy (SGE) is a renewable energy that could contribute to the decarbonatization of the heating and cooling sector. SGE is predominantly harnessed through ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems. The choice of which type of GSHP system depends on various factors. Understanding these factors is crucial for optimizing the efficiency of GSHP systems and fostering their implementation. In this paper, we have analysed the spatial distribution of GSHPs in Slovenia. We identified 1073 groundwater and 1122 ground-coupled heat pump systems with a total heat pump capacity of almost 30 MW. We quantitatively assessed the influence of geological, hydrogeological, and climate conditions on their spatial distribution. Using the χ2 test and information value method, we identified hydrogeological conditions as the most influential factor for the GSHP systems’ spatial distribution. We also performed the spatial analysis of geological and hydrogeological data in 22 European countries, including Slovenia. We collected the reported numbers of installed GSHP units in 2020 and were able to distinguish the shares of groundwater and ground-coupled heat pump systems for 12 of these countries. The analysis showed that ground-coupled heat pumps predominate in most countries, even if the natural conditions are favourable for groundwater heat pumps.

CO2 capture using gas-lift pumps operating under two-phase flow conditions

CO2 capture through dissolution in water offers environmental benefits and industry applications. However, current studies mostly focus on CO2 extraction into solvents, overlooking its direct solubility in water. Alternatively, gas-lift pumps may hold significant potential for capturing and storing CO2 in water; but this ability remains unexplored. Therefore, this study experimentally delves into the CO2 capture capacity and hydraulic performance of a dual injection gas-lift pump with a 25.4 mm riser diameter. Operating at a constant submergence ratio of 70 %, the pump is fed with simulated flue gas with flow rates within 5–30 LPM at volumetric CO2 concentrations of 10 %, 15 %, and 25 %, and temperatures of 22 °C (isothermal operation) and 110 °C (non-isothermal operation). Two-phase flow hydrodynamics is also evaluated using high-speed imaging in conjunction with time-series void fraction measurements. Within the riser pipe, three distinct two-phase flow patterns — slug, intermittent, and churn flows — are identified. The results reveal that under both isothermal and non-isothermal operations and across all volumetric CO2 concentration levels, churn flow demonstrates superior mass transfer coefficient and lifted liquid flow rate, while slug flow achieves minimum energy consumption per ton of captured CO2, highest CO2 capture degree, and maximum lifting efficiency. Also, the highest degrees of sensitivity to inlet gas flow rate for volumetric mass transfer coefficient, delivered liquid flow rate, and void fraction were observed in slug flow regime. Both gas temperature and volumetric CO2 concentration positively impacted the mass transfer performance. However, the pump showed remarkably higher lifting efficiencies under isothermal operation conditions. Moreover, compared to four established CO2 capture methods (absorption, adsorption, cryogenic distillation, and membrane diffusion), the gas-lift pump exhibits moderately lower energy consumption, at 38-266 kWh/tonCO2, but with lower CO2 capture degree of 2.3 % to 6.7 %.

Design and simulation of 30 000 tons per year of cumene plant from natural gas field

Abstract The research considers the design and simulation of 30 000 tons per year of cumene plant using Aspen HYSYS as the simulation tool. The feed (material content) used is the characterized natural gas from Utorogu Gas Field with composition of 0.9019 methane, 0.0694 ethane, 0.0209 propane, 0.00361 n-butane, 0.00414 i-butane, 0.00005 n-pentane and 0.00007 i-pentane. The cumene plant consist of the cryogenic distillation column, de-hydrogenator (Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor), Alkylator (Plug Flow Reactor), storage tanks, separators, pumps, heat exchanger and mixers. The size/design models of basic plant units such as de-hydrogenator, alkylator, separators, storage tanks and distillation column were developed using the principles of mass and energy balance. The result of design or size specifications in terms of equipment diameter of basic plant units obtained from HYSYS simulation are 0.8 m and 0.319 m for the cryogenic and cumene columns; 1.931 m, 2.244 m and 1.366 m for the propane, propene and cumene storage tanks; 1.868 m and 2.076 m for the de-hydrogenator and alkylator; 1.931 m and 2.146 m for propene and cumene separators respectively. The power or capacity of propane and propene pumps configured in the plant are 0.02 kW and 0.005 kW respectively. The result of the reactor and distillation column thickness specification to withstand corrosion, pressure or stress during plant operation in terms of cylindrical shell and ellipsoidal doomed head are 17.36 mm and 4.31 mm respectively. The economic evaluation (overall cost) including the cost of utilities, catalyst, operating, and maintenance for entire plant is $ 3.004 M.

Characterization of a NEG cartridge under high pressure conditions

The development of advanced sintered pumping elements based on the ZAO® alloy, characterized by a high affinity towards hydrogen and its isotopes, make Non Evaporable Getter (NEG) pumps particularly appealing for applications in fusion research, which typically deal with large fluxes of these gaseous species. NEG getters show high pumping speeds and capacity, excellent reliability with ability to withstand a high number of loading and unloading cycles without showing any type of failure, ease of integration within a complex system (such as a fusion reactor) because of their high specific properties and the simplicity of the mechanism that regulates its operation. These properties make NEG technology particularly suitable for the development of compact, efficient and easily scalable solutions, which are also very safe, since the release of absorbed hydrogen is prevented in the case of power outage or subsystem failures, as it can occur only by providing an adequate amount of heat to the getter material. This paper reports the results of an experimental campaign conducted on a new type of NEG pump, aimed to obtaining an accurate characterization in response to different operating conditions. Hydrogen pumping speed was investigated in a range of pressures of particular interest for the activities of the Divertor Tokamak Test facility (between 0.1 and 10 Pa). The influence of nitrogen absorption and getter material operating temperature on the pumping performances of the NEG pump were also examined. Finally, numerical simulations have been performed to estimate the nominal pumping speed of the NEG pump, that is, the one acting at the absorbing surface, stripped of the effects of the conductance of the paths from the pump NEG to the pressure gauges.

Assessing the Flexibility Potential of Industrial Heat–Electricity Sector Coupling through High-Temperature Heat Pumps: The Case Study of Belgium

Thermal processes represent a significant fraction of industrial energy consumptions, and they rely mainly on fossil fuels. Thanks to technological innovation, highly efficient devices such as high-temperature heat pumps are becoming a promising solution for the electrification of industrial heat. These technologies allow for recovering waste heat sources and upgrading them at temperatures up to 200 °C. Moreover, the coupling of these devices with thermal storage units can unlock the flexibility potential deriving from the industrial sector electrification by means of Demand-Side Management strategies. The aim of this paper is to quantify the impact on the energy system due to the integration of industrial high-temperature heat pumps and thermal storage units by means of a detailed demand–supply model. To do that, the industrial heat demand is investigated through a set of thermal process archetypes. High-temperature heat pumps and thermal storage units for industrial use are included in the open-source unit commitment and optimal dispatch model Dispa-SET used for the representation of the energy system. The case study analyzed is Belgium, and the analysis is performed for different renewable penetration scenarios in 2040 and 2050. The results demonstrate the importance of a proper sizing of the heat pump and thermal storage capacity. Furthermore, it is obtained that the electrification of the thermal demand of industrial processes improves the environmental impact (84% reduction in CO2 emissions), but the positive effect of the energy flexibility provided by the heat pumps is appreciated only in the presence of a very high penetration of renewable energy sources.

Theoretical Study of the Lasing Output for a Quasi-Three-Level Operation in Nd 3+:YAG Thin- Disk Laser

In this research, the effect of each of the concentrations ( Nd+3) was studied (N) the thickness of the thin disk (d) the number of times that the pumping beam passes through the effective medium of this laser (Mp) the reflectivity of the laser output mirror (R 2) The losses of the effective medium (L) and the pumping power used in achieving the reverse qualification (PP) on each of the pumping threshold capacities (Pp.th) and the output power of the laser (Pout) and the efficiency (ŋ) in Nd3+ thin-disk lasers (TDLs) pumping quasi-three-level With continuous operation (cw), at room temperature, and in the Gaussian mode (TEM00), We found under these operating conditions for this laser design that each of the (Pout) and (ŋ) increases by increasing each of (N), (d), (MP), and (R2), while the ( pp.th) decreases with this increase. We also found that as the losses (L) increases (pout) and (ŋ) decrease, and (pp.th) increase, as for increasing the pumping capacity, it leads to an increase in (Pout) only. Both (Pout) and (ŋ) are not affected by such an increase. In light of these results, the typical values for these coefficients were determined, and then you get the highest value for pout and (ŋ) the lowest value for (pp.th) for this laser design under the operating conditions that were adopted in this research.

Integrative care: acupuncture based neuromodulation therapy for diabetes and heart failure.

The relationship between heart failure and diabetes is intricate and bidirectional. Individuals with diabetes face an elevated risk of developing heart failure due to factors like insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, and metabolic irregularities. Elevated blood sugar levels can harm blood vessels and nerves, culminating in the buildup of fatty deposits in arteries, atherosclerosis, and hypertension, which significantly contribute to heart failure. Furthermore, diabetes can adversely impact the structure and function of the heart muscle, impairing its pumping capacity. Conversely, heart failure can also contribute to the onset of diabetes by disrupting the body's metabolic processes and amplifying insulin resistance. The complex interaction between these conditions mandates a comprehensive approach to managing individuals with both diabetes and heart failure, underscoring the importance of addressing both aspects for enhanced patient outcomes. Although existing pharmacological treatments are limited and frequently associated with undesirable side effects, acupuncture has established itself as a traditional practice with a legacy. It remains a supplementary option for treating cardiovascular diseases. Heart failure and diabetes are both heavily associated with chronic upregulation of the sympathetic nervous system, which has been identified as a pivotal factor in the progression of disease. Mechanistic interplays such as the attenuation of central nitric oxide signaling may interfere with the production or availability of nitric oxide in key areas of the central nervous system, including the brainstem and hypothalamus. This review will delve into the current understanding of acupuncture on the autonomic nervous system and offer insights into its potential role in the future treatment landscape for diabetes and heart failure.

Optimization of Process Parameters for the Production of Soy Protein by Ultrafiltration Using ANN

The growing popularity of soy proteins among vegans and vegetarians, owing to their high protein content and widespread availability, has led to scientific studies on its various extraction methods mainly on ultrafiltration. This research employed artificial neural network (ANN) and Box-Behnken design (BBD) methodologies to predict the process parameters of ultrafiltration for the preparation of soy protein. Using BBD, the optimum process parameters of ultrafiltration were identified via the desirability function approach. The optimized permeate flux was 11.13 litres per hour (LPH) and 85.52% protein content in retentate. The identified ideal process parameters for ultrafiltration to achieve maximal protein retention encompassed a 10 kDa membrane module, a transmembrane pressure of 117 kPa (17 PSI), a volume concentration ratio of 3.5, diafiltration set at 1, and a flow rate of 65% of the pump capacity, exhibiting an absolute percent error value of 2.81. Employing these refined process parameters, the predicted value for protein retentate stood at 80.49%. The predictive accuracy of the model achieved an impressive 99.61% for protein retention. The ANN model effectively predicted the optimal ultrafiltration conditions, resulting in maximal protein retention and a protein content accuracy of 96.41% and 99.61%, respectively.

Macroscale impact assessment of flood damage reduction from climate change adaptation policies

AbstractAdaptation policies are being increasingly implemented to cope with the increased frequency of natural disasters due to climate change. However, it is crucial to quantitatively evaluate the mitigating effects of these policies, as this allows for their assessment and prioritization. Therefore, this study sought to develop a nonlinear flood damage function for each administrative region of South Korea to quantify the potential damage caused by extreme rainfall events. Afterward, a power function was nested to model the coefficient of the flood damage function with regional factors characterizing each region's flood mitigation capacity. Here, regional factors were selected based on their linkage to two potential adaptation policies: enhancing retention reservoir and pumping capacity and enhancing river dike construction. The proposed evaluation framework was tested in 15 administrative districts in South Korea and the flood damage reduction effects of the two policy scenarios were estimated. The enhancement of retention reservoir and pumping capacity showed a 6.7% reduction effect, whereas enhancing river dike construction showed a 29.2% reduction effect. The implementation of both policies yielded a 34.3% reduction effect. Despite the limitations of this study, our findings still provide a quantitative comparison of the long‐term effects of national climate change adaptation measures. Additionally, accumulating more damage records would allow for the development of damage functions at a finer scale.

Preliminary evaluation of NEG materials in view of CMSB replacement in HCPB TER architecture

CMSB (Cryogenic Molecular Sieve Beds) operated at 77 K is used for tritium recovery in the reference design of HCPB (Helium Cooled Pebble Bed) TER (Tritium Extraction and Removal) system. However, this technology has two main drawbacks: large consumption of liquid nitrogen and the controlling of tritium stream sent to the Tritium Plant, during the regeneration of the CMSB, in such way to avoid large variations in the gas flow rate.This paper reports on a preliminary evaluation for CMSB replacement by non-evaporable getter materials for tritium recovery. The advantages of NEG technology are the high specific pumping speed and capacity and the ability to withstand a large number of absorption/desorption cycles. In addition, NEG do not release hydrogen unless power is supplied to heat them, addressing an important safety issue related to uncontrolled release in case of power outage or subsystem failures.

Improved multivariable algorithms for estimating oceanic particulate organic carbon concentration from optical backscattering and chlorophyll-a measurements

The capability to estimate the oceanic particulate organic carbon concentration (POC) from optical measurements is crucial for assessing the dynamics of this carbon reservoir and the capacity of the biological pump to sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide in the deep ocean. Optical approaches are routinely used to estimate oceanic POC from the spectral particulate backscattering coefficient bbp, either directly (e.g., with backscattering sensors on underwater platforms like BGC-Argo floats) or indirectly (e.g., with satellite remote sensing). However, the reliability of algorithms which relate POC to bbp is typically limited due to the complexity of interactions between light and natural assemblages of marine particles, which depend on variations in particle concentration, composition, and size distribution. This study expands on our previous work by analysis of an extended field dataset created with judicious data inclusion criteria with the aim to provide POC algorithms for multiple light wavelengths of measured bbp, which can be useful for applications with in situ optical sensors as well as above-water active or passive measurement systems. We describe an improved empirical multivariable approach to estimate POC from simultaneous measurements of bbp and chlorophyll-a concentration (Chla) to better account for the effects of variable particle composition on the relationship between POC and bbp. The multivariable regression models are formulated using a relatively large dataset of coincident measurements of POC, bbp, and Chla, including surface and subsurface data from the Atlantic, Pacific, Arctic, and Southern Oceans. We show that the multivariable algorithm provides reduced uncertainty of estimated POC across diverse marine environments when compared with a traditional univariate algorithm based on only bbp. We also propose an improved formulation of univariate algorithm based on bbp alone. Finally, we examine performance of several algorithms to estimate POC using our dataset as well as a dataset consisting of optical measurements from BGC-Argo floats and traditional POC measurements collected during a coincident research cruise in the Atlantic Ocean.

Research on gas drainage technology and equipment of high-level directional drilling in coal mine

The gas overrun at the upper corners of the goaf and return air lanes has been restricting the development of China's coal mining industry. To solve the problem of over-limit gas concentration at the upper corners, the fundamental reason is to reduce the gas concentration in the "fracture zone" of the coal roof . At present, the most commonly used methods such as high extraction roadway, buried pipe extraction, and high-level drilling in the "fracture zone" gas control of the goaf have the disadvantages of excessive cost and heavy workload, and the drilling trajectory of conventional drilling rigs cannot be accurately positioned problem. Therefore,it is proposed to use high-position roof directional long drilling technology to replace traditional high-drainage roadway for gas control, and analyze the influence of directional drilling diameter, position, depth and other parameters on gas drainage efficiency. Based on the analysis of four drilling cases of the directional drilling rig ZYWL-13000DS of China Coal Science and Industry Group Chongqing Research Institute Co., Ltd. at 33 (4) 13 working face of Shuangliu Coal Mine, from the perspective of construction effect,the directional drilling is a more reasonable construction level 5-8 times the mining height above the roof is appropriate; the construction diameter should be as large as possible when conditions permit;when the drilling depth is 20m deep into the fissure zone, the pumping capacity will increase greatly, and with the construction of the mining, pumping Capabilities tend to stabilize. Compared with the traditional high-drainage road control effect, the use of directional long drilling technology for gas drainage can reduce the cost by more than 70% and shorten the effective construction period by more than 75%. It is finally verified that the use of high-directional directional long drilling technology can replace the high-drainage roadway for "fracture zone" gas drainage.

The technology of using a jet pump to increase the efficiency of vertical drainage

Vertical drainage systems, which rely on pumps and tube wells, are widely recognized for their effectiveness despite drawbacks such as high costs and significant energy consumption. In a recent study, the integration of a jet pump into vertical drainage systems was explored to enhance their efficiency. A specialized laboratory setup was developed to examine the use of a jet pump within these systems. The research focused on understanding how the diameter of the pressure pipe affects the jet pump’s suction capabilities. It was found that the jet pump operated at its highest efficiency, 50%, with a pressure pipe diameter of 40 mm. Statistical analysis of the laboratory data led to the formulation of a relationship for estimating both the suction capacity and suction height of the jet pump in the enhanced vertical drainage system.

A liquid metal based, integrated parallel electroosmotic micropump cluster drive system.

The application of liquid metal in a microfluidic system enables the fabrication of highly integrated on-chip electroosmotic micropumps (EOPs). In this work, a low-voltage driveable integrated parallel EOP cluster drive system is proposed. This system consists of two layers, a branch-channel layer and a trunk-channel layer. The lower branch-channel layer contains separate parallel pumping channels and a pair of comb liquid metal electrodes. The separated branch channels are connected together through the trunk channels in the upper layer. With this structural arrangement, the parallel micropumps form an integrated micropump cluster for larger pumping capacity. The distance between the pumping channel and the electrode next to it is controlled to 20 μm. To guide the pump design, parametric studies are performed and fully discussed. According to the experimental results, the micropump cluster can be driven at a low voltage of 0.5 V, and the flow rate reaches 274 nL min-1 at 5 V. In addition, the paper finally proposes an electrode protection strategy and an integrated pump-valve drive system which is expected to solve the shortcoming of electroosmotic pumps in terms of long-time storage and driving.

Analysis of the capacity of the centrifugal pump at PDAM Tirta Tarum in Karawang

Water is a basic need for every living creature, especially society in general. The need for clean water is very important for daily needs. PDAM is a supplier of drinking water as a company that is vital enough to support people's lives. To distribute water from its source to reach the community, a pump is needed as a vital tool to supply this water. With the rapid increase in population, the need for clean water also increases. To find out the water needs, a calculation analysis was carried out to find out the water needs and pump capacity by analyzing one of the distribution areas of PDAM Karawang, namely the Sirnabaya Village community with the results of population growth using the geometric method, namely 67,096 people, the number of community water needs and facilities is 206, 64 l/s, with a pump capacity that includes the effective discharge in operating hours of 0.602 m3/s, the effective discharge of each pump used is 0.200 m3//s, and the theoretical discharge of the pump is 0.217 m3/s. The required pump results are 3 main pumps and 1 backup pump.

Assessment of Water Resources in Yemen

This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the water resources situation in Yemen through the evaluation of available meteorological and hydrological data. The focus is on assessing the quantity of groundwater used and renewed in major basins. The study evaluated water availability for 20 modern irrigation projects in terms of quantity and quality using three models: actual crop-water requirements measured at field sites, water pumping capacity per crop type, and the number of wells used to calculate water abstraction. Key findings emphasize the need for appropriate groundwater extraction policies to ensure long-term sustainability in the proposed irrigation project areas. The study has been updated to include recent data due to the scarcity of information over the past decade caused by ongoing conflicts in Yemen. The study also involved designing samples, data collection, and analysis using statistical methods and mathematical equations. It concluded with recommendations for implementing suitable groundwater extraction policies to ensure long-term sustainability and prevent further groundwater depletion. The water saved from project implementation will contribute to the augmentation of aquifer recharge.