Pudong New Research Articles

RIOMS: An intelligent system for operation and maintenance of urban roads using spatio-temporal data in smart cities

With the construction of smart cities entering a new phase, it is necessary to broaden the requirements of traditional roads to provide efficient operation and maintenance (O&M) services. Existing road infrastructure systems fail to meet intelligent functional O&M requirements since they do not incorporate a unified method to organize and integrate road life-cycle spatio-temporal data. Capitalizing on the developments in AEC (Architecture, Engineering & Construction) and IS fields, this paper proposes a solution (ICT Artifact) for achieving urban road intelligent O&M following the Design Science Research (DSR) framework. The main contributions of this paper are: (1) proposed method for organizing, collecting and fusing spatio-temporal data of the road’s entire life cycle, based on extended COBie standard to facilitate the linking and interoperability of multi-source heterogeneous data; (2) new Road Operation and Maintenance Functional Requirements (ROMFR) from the perspective of smart cities, which provide a complete definition of road intelligent O&M functional requirements; and (3) based on ROMFR and a new generation of information technologies, the design and implementation of a system named RIOMS (Road intelligent operation and maintenance system) that supports the intelligent functional requirements. The proposed solution has been applied to Yanggao Road (Pudong New Area, Shanghai) as a case study to demonstrate its feasibility and validity. Specifically, the proposed ICT artifact has been utilized in handling typical scenarios of road O&M and its effectiveness has been assessed through survey questionnaire and smart city assessment system.

Peripheral anterior chamber depth and screening techniques for primary angle closure disease in community elderly Chinese

BackgroundTo investigate the distribution of peripheral anterior chamber depth (ACD) and the relationship between peripheral ACD and gonioscopy compared to other ocular parameters for primary angle closure disease (PACD) screening. We performed a population-based survey in Pudong New District of Shanghai, China, in 2011.MethodsCross-sectional study. Adults 50 and older were enrolled from a population-based study using cluster random sampling in Pudong New District, Shanghai. Remote ocular screening was performed with digital anterior eye structure photography. Van Herrick measurements were used to evaluate the peripheral ACD, the depth of the peripheral anterior chamber, and corneal thickness (CT), and the ACD to CT ratio was calculated. Subjects with peripheral ACD less than 0.5 CT were made follow-up appointments for clinical examination with gonioscopy. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) were generated to show the performance of different tests in screening for primary angle closure disease (PACD).ResultsTwo thousand five hundred twenty-eight adults participated in the study with 91 patients diagnosed with PACD. Two thousand four hundred sixty-three subjects had valid data in the right eye available for analysis. The mean peripheral ACD values for men and women were significantly different: 1.04 ± 0.46 (range 0.11–2.93) CT and 0.87 ± 0.41 (range 0.12–2.96) CT respectively (t = − 4.18; P<0.0001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis reveals that peripheral ACD declined by 0.31 CT (P < 0.0001) per diopter of SE and was 0.19 CT (P < 0.0001) shallower in women than in men (r2 = 0.1304, P < 0.0001). Peripheral ACD performed best in screening for PACD.ConclusionsPeripheral ACD measurement is recommended for PACD screening in community elderly Chinese.

Quality of life and its associated factors for mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients of urban community settings.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a serious disease with impaired quality of life (QoL). Few studies have focused on the QoL for mild COPD patients in Chinese urban communities. This study aimed to evaluate the QoL and explore its associated factors among patients with mild COPD in Shanghai. A cross-sectional survey of 275 mild COPD patients was conducted in 6 communities of Pudong New Area in Shanghai, China, in 2016. Data on socioeconomic and health conditions were acquired through a face-to-face interview and a physical examination. EuroQoL five-dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D)- Chinese version was applied to evaluate their QoL. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% CI for risk factors associated with QoL. Among 275 subjects, the overall visual analog scale score and utility of QoL were 70.6 and 0.889, respectively. Logistic regression analysis indicated that exacerbation in recent year were negatively associated with the top 25% utility of QoL (OR =2.02, 95% CI: 1.03-3.97), and the worse exercise capacity (distance of 6-minute walking test <525.3 m) was negatively correlated the outcome (OR =2.92, 95% CI: 1.10-7.75) too. In multi-factor logistic regression, the associations were slightly weakened. The QoL was impaired in mild COPD patients living in urban communities. Exacerbation in the past year and exercise capacity were significantly correlated to QoL. More interventions should be developed to improve the QoL at the early stage of COPD.

Investigation of risk factors for the conversion of mild cognitive impairment to dementia

Background Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an intermediate state between normal aging and dementia and is characterized by pathological cognitive decline. The study aimed at revealing the risk of MCI progressing to dementia through a follow-up investigation. Methods In 2011, 441 MCI subjects were recruited, and the disease status was tracked by the follow-up survey in 2017. Subjects with MCI stable (MCIs; N = 356) and MCI progressed into dementia (MCIp; N = 77) were analysed in our study. Community-dwelling old people of age ≥ 55 were recruited from 30 streets and 24 committees (or communities) of the Pudong New District (Shanghai, China). Neuropsychological tests of MMSE, MoCA, 17-item HAMD-17, ADL and HIS were performed. Additionally, the correlations of neuropsychological items and MCIp were explored by univariate and multivariate regression analyses. Results MCIp patients had the lower MMSE and MoCA total scores, whereas the ADL, and HIS total score in MCIp group were higher than in MCIs group. The univariate analysis revealed age, attention (MoCA), visuospatial/executive, number of births, marital status and attention and calculation were significant predictors of MCI progression. In multivariate analysis, age was an independent risk factor of MCI aggravating, while attention (MoCA) was independent protective factor for MCI progression. Conclusions Age and worsening attention but not depression in MCI patients were independently associated with the progression of dementia in a 6-year follow-up period.

Supply\u2013Demand Analysis of Urban Emergency Shelters Based on Spatiotemporal Population Estimation

Supply–demand analysis is an important part of the planning of urban emergency shelters. Using Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China as an example, this study estimated daytime and nighttime population of the study area based on fine-scale land use data, census data, statistical yearbook information, and Tencent user-density big data. An exponential function-based, probability density estimation method was used to analyze the spatial supply of and demand for shelters under an earthquake scenario. The results show that even if all potential available shelters are considered, they still cannot satisfy the demand of the existing population for evacuation and sheltering, especially in the northern region of Pudong, under both the daytime and the nighttime scenarios. The proposed method can reveal the spatiotemporal imbalance between shelter supply and demand. We also conducted a preliminary location selection analysis of shelters based on the supply–demand analysis results. The location selection results demonstrate the advantage of the proposed method. It can be applied to identify the areas where the supply of shelters is seriously inadequate, and provide effective decision support for the planning of urban emergency shelters.

Cultural competence of nurses in Pudong New Area, Shanghai: a mixed-method study

Abstract Objective Cultural competence has gradually attracted attention from many countries, including China. This study was undertaken to determine the cultural competence of registered nurses in Shanghai, China, and to identify the cultural competence among registered nurses in Pudong New Area, Shanghai. Methods Qualitative interviews were conducted in combination with a quantitative survey. Fifteen clinical nurses were interviewed, and 1088 clinical nurses were recruited for the survey with cultural competence scale for registered nurses, based on the results of the qualitative and quantitative studies. Results The overall level of cultural competence among registered nurses in Shanghai's Pudong New Area was moderate. Among the seven dimensions, cultural encounter had the highest score, followed by cultural practice, cultural awareness, cultural desire, cultural skill, cultural experience, and cultural knowledge. Age, level of hospital care, mastery of secondary level, and studying overseas were the influencing factors. Conclusions Hospitals and universities should be aware of the importance of studying cultural competence. Cultural competence-related courses should be increased, and various forms of training should be undertaken to enhance the interest of nurses.

Correlation Analysis of the Quality of Family Functioning and Subjective Quality of Life in Rehabilitation Patients Living with Schizophrenia in the Community.

Background: Recently, the community rehabilitation model for schizophrenia patients has become increasingly popular, and the Shanghai Pudong New Area has developed a relatively complete community rehabilitation model. This study analyzed the correlation between family function and subjective quality of life in the rehabilitation of patients living with schizophrenia in the community. Methods: This study evaluated persons living with schizophrenia using the Family Assessment Device and the Subjective Quality of Life Scale. A convenient sampling method was used to select 281 rehabilitation patients living with schizophrenia in the community and 166 hospitalized persons living with schizophrenia. Results: There was a significant difference in the Family Assessment Device scores between rehabilitation patients living with schizophrenia in the community and hospitalized persons living with schizophrenia (p < 0.0001). The difference in the scores of the subjective quality of life assessment between rehabilitation patients living with schizophrenia in the community and hospitalized persons living with schizophrenia was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The regression analysis showed that quality of family function had a significant effect on the subjective quality of life in rehabilitation patients living with schizophrenia in the community and hospitalized persons living with schizophrenia. (F = 10.770 p < 0.001), (F = 2.960 p < 0.01). Conclusions: The quality of family function plays an important role in improving the subjective quality of life in rehabilitation patients living with schizophrenia in the community. It may be beneficial to add some methods to improve family function in the current model of rehabilitation in the community.

Improved Early Recognition of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19): Single-Center Data from a Shanghai Screening Hospital.

In December 2019, an outbreak of a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19; previously known as 2019-nCoV) was reported in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, which has subsequently affected more than 200 countries worldwide including Europe, North America, Oceania, Africa and other places. The number of infected people is rapidly increasing, while the diagnostic method of COVID-19 is only by nucleic acid testing. To explain the epidemiological characteristics, clinical features, imaging manifestations and to judge diagnostic value of COVID-19 by analyzing the clinical data of COVID-19 suspected and confirmed patients in a non-outbreak, Shanghai, China. To clarify the early epidemiology and clinical characteristics about COVID-19. Cross-sectional, single-center case reports of the 86 patients screened at Zhoupu Hospital in Pudong New District, Shanghai, China, from January 23 to February 16, 2020. Epidemiology, demography, clinical, laboratory and chest CTs were collected and analyzed. The screened patients were divided into COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 based on nucleic acid test results. Of the 86 screened patients, 11 were confirmed (12.8%) by nucleic acid testing (mean age 40.73 ± 11.32, 5 males). No significant differences were found in clinical symptoms including fever, cough, dyspnea, sore throat, and fatigue (P > 0.05). No statistical difference was observed in plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) between the two groups (COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 ) of patients (P = 0.402), while the white blood cell count and lymphocyte count of the confirmed patients were slightly lower than those of the suspected patients (P < 0.05). Some non-COVID-19 chest CTs also showed subpleural lesions, such as ground-glass opacities (GGO) combined with bronchiectasis; or halo nodules distributed under the pleura with focal GGO; consolidation of subpleural distribution or combined with air bronchi sign and vascular bundle sign, etc. The early clinical manifestations and imaging findings of COVID-19 are not characteristic in non-outbreak areas. Etiological testing should be performed as early as possible for clinically suspected patients.

Epidemiological and etiological surveillance on infectious diarrhea in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 2013-2017

Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of infectious diarrhea pathogens in Pudong New Areas of Shanghai from 2013 to 2017 to provide evidence for control and prevention of the disease. Methods: From Jan 2013 to Dec 2017, active surveillance program on diarrhea was conducted in 14 sentinel hospitals (three tertiary-level and nine secondary-level, and two primary-level hospitals) in Pudong New Areas of Shanghai, based on location, catchment areas and number of patients. All recruited outpatients were interviewed in hospitals, using a standard questionnaire. Stool specimens were collected and tested for five viral and eight bacterial pathogens. Results: A total of 9 301 cases with infectious diarrhea were included, and the overall positive rate was 55.7% (5 179). Positive rates of single virus, single bacteria and mixed infections were 26.7% (2 481), 17.0% (1 579) and 12.0% (1 119), respectively. For single infection, the most commonly detected viruses appeared as norovirus (15.4%, 1 428/9 301) and rotavirus (7.2%, 667/9 301). The most commonly detected bacteria were diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (6.7%, 619/9 301) and non-typhoid Salmonella (3.3%, 305/9 301). The most common mixed infections were caused by virus-bacteria (4.9%, 459/9 301). Norovirus (17.0%, 838/4 938) showed the highest positive rates, followed by Escherichia coli (7.2%, 354/4 938), both seen in the age group of 20-59 years old group. Rotavirus (9.4%, 178/1 896) and non-typhoid Salmonella (4.9%, 93/1 896) were the most common pathogens found in the age group of 0-4 years old. The prevalence of norovirus peaked both in spring and autumn. The other peaks were seen as: Rotavirus in winter, diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in summer and non-typhoid Salmonella in summer. Conclusions: Our data showed that the positive rates of infectious diarrhea pathogens were high in Pudong New Areas of Shanghai from 2013 to 2017. The dominant pathogens would include norovirus, rotavirus and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli but with differenct distributions in age groups. Obvious seasonal patterns were also observed.

Characteristic analysis and prediction technology of cooling, heating and power load in energy internet town of Xiongan New Area

Xiongan New Area is another important new area after Shenzhen Special Economic Zone and Shanghai Pudong New Area. According to the development strategy of high-point positioning of the new area, providing safe, reliable, clean and economic modern energy system for Xiongan New Area is one of the important tasks in the construction of the new area. In the process of establishing and optimizing the energy system, reliable data of energy consumption and load characteristics should be obtained first. This paper analyses the types of buildings in the new area and the local climate and meteorological changes, and takes into account the energy consumption of various internal and external factors. Based on this, the different climate conditions of different buildings in a year are discussed. The load characteristics of thermal and cold power are analyzed. Finally, a prediction method of thermal and cold load data considering climate and meteorological information, typical structural parameters of buildings, internal and external disturbances is established.

Enhanced recovery after cesarean delivery: a challenge for anesthesiologists.

Enhanced recovery after cesarean (ERAC) delivery is an evidence-based, multi-disciplinary approach throughout pre-, intra-, post-operative period. The ultimate goal of ERAC is to enhance recovery and improve the maternal and neonatal outcomes. This review highlights the role of anesthesiologist in ERAC protocols. This review provided a general introduction of ERAC including the purposes and the essential elements of ERAC protocols. The tool used for evaluating the quality of ERAC (ObsQoR-11) was discussed. The role of anesthesiologist in ERAC should cover the areas including management of peri-operative hypotension, prevention and treatment of intra- and post-operative nausea and vomiting, prevention of hypothermia and multi-modal peri-operative pain management, and active pre-operative management of unplanned conversion of labor analgesia to cesarean delivery anesthesia. Although some concerns still remain, ERAC implementation should not be delayed. Regular assessment and process improvement should be imbedded into the protocol. Further high-quality studies are warranted to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficacy of the ERAC protocol.

Performance of Initial Screening Tests for Colorectal Cancer and Subsequent Adherence to Colonoscopy: An Ecological Study

Background: Adherence to colonoscopy in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is at a low level and varies greatly across populations. No study has examined the influencing factors of colonoscopy adherence at a population level, and this remains to be an unaddressed knowledge gap. We therefore aimed to analyze the correlation between performance of initial CRC screening tests and subsequent adherence to colonoscopy base on an ecological evaluation. Methods: The sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV) of initial CRC screening tests and subsequent adherence to colonoscopy in different populations were extracted from relevant studies published in English up to December 31, 2018. The age-standardized incidences (ASR) of CRC across populations in the year of screening were obtained from the Cancer Statistics data. Locally weighted regression smoothing was used to examine the relationship between adherence to colonoscopy and ASR of CRC. Cut-off points of adherence on ASR were identified by Joinpoint Regression and used in Regression Discontinuity as potential thresholds. Spearman’s correlation analysis was used to calculate correlation coefficients. Findings: We identified 192 eligible articles. The median and interquartile range of adherence to colonoscopy was 82·5% (71·8%-90·5%). The adherence was significantly correlated with ASR of CRC in the study populations (r=0·187, p<0·001) and marginally with the PPV of initial screening tests (r=0·105, p=0·077). The change points of the adherence to colonoscopy were identified at the ASR of 32·5 and 142·5/100,000, and the ratio of adherence to colonoscopy at 143/100,000 was 0·900. In countries / areas with a moderate ASR, adherence to colonoscopy was negatively correlated with the sensitivity (r=-0·367, p=0·023) and positively with the PPV (r=0·143, p=0·040), whereas in populations with a high ASR, flexible sigmoidoscopy was more widely used as an initial screening test and achieved a high subsequent adherence to colonoscopy. Interpretation: Adherence to colonoscopy is correlated with the performance of initial screening tests, particularly among populations with moderate CRC incidence. Initial screening tests with high PPV or specificity may help to increase population adherence to colonoscopy, but different strategies should be used in countries / areas with a high or moderate incidence of CRC. Funding Statement: This study was supported by the Local High Level University Construction Project of Shanghai and the Health Commission of the Pudong New Area of Shanghai (PW2019A-5). Declaration of Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Ethics Approval Statement: Not required.

Long non-coding RNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 7 expression level in prostate cancer tissues predicts the prognosis of patients with prostate cancer.

Long non-coding small nucleolar RNA host gene 7 (lncRNA SNHG7) is located on chromosome 9q34.3 in length of 984 bp. SNHG7 has been found to play the role of oncogene in varieties of cancers, and its dysregulation has been found to be associated with carcinogenesis and progression. In the present study, we examined the expression of SNHG7 in prostate cancer tissues and in paired adjacent normal prostate tissues, and we further explored the clinical significance and prognostic value of SNHG7 in prostate cancer patients.A total of 127 prostate cancer tissues were collected from prostate cancer patients who underwent radical prostatectomy between April 2011 and March 2019 at the department of urology, Pudong New Area People's Hospital. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction experiment was performed to detect the relative expressions of SNHG7 in the prostate cancer tissues and normal prostate tissues. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to create survival curves and the log-rank test was used to determine statistical significance. A Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to evaluate the prognostic factors in univariate and multivariate analyses.Compared with paired adjacent normal prostatic tissues, SNHG7 expression was increased in prostate cancer tissues (P < .001). Increased SNHG7 expression correlated with Gleason score (P = .021), bone metastasis (P = .013), pelvic lymph node metastasis (P = .008), and TNM stage (P = .007). Multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed increased SNHG7 expression was independently associated with a poor prognosis of prostate cancer patients (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.839, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.921–8.382, P = .038).This study showed that lncRNA-SNHG7 was overexpressed in prostate cancer tissues, and it might contributes to the development and progression of prostate cancer. Furthermore, the SNHG7 expression was associated with the prognosis of prostate cancer, suggesting a potential target for the treatment and prognosis of prostate cancer. Nevertheless, the underlying modulatory mechanism by which SNHG7 aggravates prostate cancer progression need to be further studied.

Oral health knowledge, beliefs and practices among community-dwelling older adults in Shanghai, China: A cross-sectional analysis.

To assess oral health knowledge, beliefs and practices among community-dwelling older adults in Shanghai, China. China is ageing faster than other developing countries. Four National Oral Health Surveys have been carried out in China between 1983 and 2015, focused on clinical oral examinations. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 983 participants aged 60-93years old, drawn from two community health service centres of Pudong New Area in Shanghai. Data were collected using a Chinese language questionnaire of oral health knowledge, beliefs and practices based on the Knowledge, Attitudes (beliefs) and Practices (KAP) model. The scale ranges were knowledge 0-19, beliefs 0-17 and practices 0-55, where a higher score indicated a more accurate perception. Multivariate analysis explored the related factors using IBM SPSS Statistics version 22.0. Mean (SD) scores of this questionnaire were oral health knowledge 13.0 (3.6), beliefs 13.0 (3.2) and practices 31.2 (11.2). Geographic location, age group, employment status, education and monthly household income showed significant statistical association with these scores (P<.001). Only three sociodemographic variables (education, age group and employment status) remained significant after further multiple regression analysis (P<.001). The level of oral health knowledge, beliefs and practices among older adults in Shanghai, China, was not high. Younger and working individuals with higher level of education showed good oral health knowledge, beliefs and practices. Community-based oral health strategies are needed to increase oral health knowledge, in particular of oral daily cleaning, and improve beliefs and practices in regular dental visits.

Application value of MEWS and corrected MEWS in predicting where postoperative patients of General Surgery Department will go

Objective To explore the application value of Modified Early Waring Score (MEWS) and corrected MEWS in predicting where postoperative patients of General Surgery Department will go. Methods From January 2017 to December 2018, a total of 1 160 postoperative patients of General Surgery Department at Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital were selected by convenience sampling. Data of patients were selected including the vital signs of patients within 72 hours after transferring to wards, consciousness, oxygen saturation and urine volume. Patients were evaluated with the MEWS and the corrected MEWS respectively. This study calculated the highest scores of those two tools and observed that where patients would go. This study also compared the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) , negative predictive value (NPV) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of resolution which predicted where patients would go between the two scores. Results The scores of corrected MEWS of patients transferring to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) were higher than those of MEWS. When taking being admitted to ICU as the predicted target, area under ROC curve of MEWS was 0.986 (95%CI: 0.973-0.998) and the best cutoff value was 3 with 0.903 for the maximum Youden index at this moment; area under ROC curve of corrected MEWS was 0.991 (95%CI: 0.978-0.995) and the best cutoff value was 5 with 0.943 for the maximum Youden index at this moment. The area under ROC curve of corrected MEWS was greater than that of MEWS with a statistical difference (P 0.05) . Conclusions Compared with MEWS, the corrected MEWS could reflect condition severity of postoperative patients of General Surgery Department better and correctly predict patient's conditions which is worthy of being popularized and applied in General Surgery. Key words: ROC curve; Modified early waring score; Corrected modified early waring score; General surgery; Postoperative

Associations between fine particulate matter constituents and daily cardiovascular mortality in Shanghai, China.

Limited evidence is available for the associations between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) constituents and daily cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in China. In present study, a time-series analysis was conducted to evaluate the associations of PM2.5 constituents (two carbonaceous fractions, eight water-soluble inorganic ions and fifteen elements) with daily CVD mortality in Pudong New Area of Shanghai, China, from 2014 to 2016. Results showed that the effect estimates for the associations of PM2.5 and its constituents with CVD mortality were generally strongest when using the exposures of the previous two day concentrations. The associations of organic carbon, sulfate, ammonia, potassium, copper, arsenic, and lead with daily CVD mortality were robust to the adjustment of PM2.5 total mass, their collinearity with PM2.5 total mass, and criteria gaseous air pollutants. An interquartile range increase in the previous two day concentrations of PM2.5, organic carbon, sulfate, ammonia, potassium, copper, arsenic, and lead were associated with significant increments of 2.21% (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 0.54%, 3.88%), 2.83% (95% CIs: 1.16%, 4.50%), 1.90% (95% CIs: 0.35%, 3.45%), 2.29% (95% CIs: 0.80%, 3.77%), 0.94% (95% CIs: 0.13%, 1.75%), 1.53% (95% CIs: 0.37%, 2.69%), 2.08% (95% CIs: 0.49%, 3.68%) and 1.98% (95% CIs: 0.49%, 3.47%) in daily CVD mortality, respectively, in single-pollutant models. In conclusion, this study suggested that organic carbon, sulfate, ammonia, potassium, copper, arsenic, and lead might be mainly responsible for the associations between short-term PM2.5 exposures and increased CVD mortality in Shanghai, China.

上海市浦东新区高血压发病因素分析

上海市浦东新区高血压发病因素分析

Extreme storm surge induced coastal inundation in Yangtze Estuary regions

Coastal inundation induced by the storm surge belongs to one of the major natural hazards in Shanghai and other regions around the Yangtze Estuary. The worst scenarios of coupling the extreme storm and the sea level rise are presented to assess the storm surge hazard in the Yangtze Estuary. The numerical model MIKE 21 FM is adopted to implement the numerical study, which includes wind, current, tide and wave. The storm surge induced by typhoon 9711 is simulated, and the measurements of six tide gauges are used to validate the numerical model. To identify the worst case scenario of severe typhoon (9711) and super typhoon (5612), we propose seven typhoon tracks through the Yangtze Estuary and fourteen scenarios of landfall time for each typhoon track, which generates 196 cases. Finally, based on the worst case scenario and the relative sea level rise in the range of 0 m to 0.7 m, the coastal inundation maps of Pudong New District and Changxing Island are provided and discussed.

Analysis and Discussion on the Empty Return of Ambulance in Pre-hospital Emergency Care in Pudong New Area: A Retrospective Study

Analysis and Discussion on the Empty Return of Ambulance in Pre-hospital Emergency Care in Pudong New Area: A Retrospective Study

Pre-evacuation Time Estimation Based Emergency Evacuation Simulation in Urban Residential Communities.

The timely and secure evacuation of an urban residential community is crucial to residents’ safety when emergency events happen. This is different to evacuation of office spaces or schools, emergency evacuation in residential communities must consider the pre-evacuation time. The importance of estimating evacuation time components has been recognized for approximately 40 years. However, pre-evacuation time is rarely discussed in previous community-scale emergency evacuation studies. This paper proposes a new method that estimates the pre-evacuation time, which makes the evacuation simulation in urban residential communities more realistic. This method integrates the residents’ pre-evacuation behavior data obtained by surveys to explore the influencing factors of pre-evacuation time and builds a predictive model to forecast pre-evacuation times based on the Random Forest algorithm. A sensitivity analysis is also conducted to find the critical parameters in evacuation simulations. The results of evacuation simulations in different scenarios can be compared to identify potential evacuation problems. A case study in Luoshanqicun Community, Pudong New District, Shanghai, China, was conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method. The simulation results showed that the pre-evacuation times have significant impacts on the simulation procedure, including the total evacuation time, the congestion time and the congestion degree. This study can help to gain a deeper understanding of residents’ behaviors under emergencies and improve emergency managements of urban communities.