Prevalence of restless legs syndrome during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Diabetic retinopathy and dementia risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

A one-health systematic review and meta-analysis (2020-2024) of global and regional prevalence of Mycobacterium bovis in dairy cattle and humans: Influence of diagnostic methods and herd-level determinants.

Hidden storms within: Psychiatric comorbidity in intermittent explosive disorder: A systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis.

Relationship between mental health help-seeking intention and prospective help-seeking behavior: A meta-analysis with moderation testing.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of risk factors for erectile dysfunction after stroke: a Mendelian randomization approach.

Efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplantation on depressive and anxiety symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Emotion recognition deficits in Alzheimer's disease: A meta-analysis.

Head injuries as a risk factor for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Drawing exclusively from randomized controlled trials (RCTs), the meta-analysis by Doheim et al. evaluates the comparative effectiveness of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) vs nonthrombolytic standard of care (NT-SC) in patients with minor acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The authors identified 9 reports encompassing 13 RCTs. Multiple analytical approaches (Q and I2 measures, leave-out-one analyses, sensitivity analyses) were performed to address study heterogeneity. Findings show that, compared with NT-SC, IVT was not significantly associated with excellent functional recovery poststroke (odds ratio 0.85, 95% CI 0.70-1.03). IVT was associated with lower odds of achieving functional independence and higher odds of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and mortality at 90 days. A major strength is the study's exclusive inclusion of RCTs, which minimizes methodological heterogeneity and enhances internal validity. Limitations include (1) small number of included studies precluding formal assessment of publication bias; (2) exclusion of observational or quasiexperimental studies, potentially overlooking valuable real-world evidence; (3) variability in the definition of minor AIS; and (4) insensitivity of conventional outcome measures such as the modified Rankin Scale to capture nonmotor functional deficits such as fatigue and return-to-work capability, which are highly relevant to patients with minor stroke but remain underrepresented in traditional assessments. In conclusion, this meta-analysis suggests that IVT does not confer additional benefit over NT-SC for minor nondisabling stroke. Future studies would benefit from incorporating broader, patient-centered functional outcomes to better capture the subtleties of disability in this patient population.

Sustained tic reduction through behavioural therapy in children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome: A meta-analysis with implications for affective health.

Operator radiation exposure comparing left-radial artery and right-radial artery approaches: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The objectives of this study were to estimate and compare the 1-year clinical success rates of triple antibiotic paste (TAP), double antibiotic paste (DAP), calcium hydroxide (CH) within regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) on permanent necrotic immature teeth. Trials investigating REP success were searched through MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, GOOGLE Scholar (last update December 2025). Primary study quality was evaluated through the revised Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for Randomised Trials (RoB2). Pooled success rates with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were assessed. Heterogeneity was investigated with the Cochran's Q and quantified with I2: The random-effects model was preferred to the fixed-effect model for I2 > 50%. Sensitivity (study quality, publication bias, study inclusion) and subgroup (scaffold type, world Region) analyses were made. The differences in pooled success rates between protocols were assessed and were evaluated using an equivalence range of -2.5%/+2.5%. The GRADE system was employed to evaluate the Quality of Evidence of the pooled success rates. Twenty-four studies of average quality were included involving 544, 64, 183 patients, for TAP, DAP, CH, respectively. The pooled success rates (tooth survival after 1 year with periapical healing, absence of signs and symptoms of pathology) were TAP 96.7% (95% CI, 94.8%-98.0%), DAP 84.2% (95% CI, 73.2%-92.0%), CH 97.4% (95% CI, 93.9%-99.1%). The pooled differences in success rates were TAP-DAP 12.5% (95% CI, 2.8%-22.1%, TAP superiority demonstrated), TAP-CH -0.7% (95% CI, -0.9%-2.5%, TAP/CH equivalence demonstrated), CH-DAP 13.2% (95% CI, 3.3%-23.0%, CH superiority demonstrated). Secondary analyses corroborated these results, although the overall statistical test power was low due to small sample sizes. The GRADE quality of evidence was high for TAP and CH, and low for DAP, due to substantial imprecision attributed to the small number of studies with small sample sizes. The lack of direct comparisons between protocols and of a common comparator did not allow for more robust analyses. Nevertheless, the use of TAP and CH as intracanal medicament within REPs resulted equivalent in eradicating the infection and promoting periapical healing in permanent necrotic immature teeth at 1-year follow up, and these protocols resulted superior over DAP. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023484189.

Sedative-hypnotics, including benzodiazepines (BZDs) and non-benzodiazepine hypnotics (Z-drugs), are widely prescribed for insomnia and anxiety, particularly in older adults. Their long-term cognitive safety and potential association with Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain uncertain. We examined whether use of BZDs and Z-drugs is associated with incident AD and assessed variation by drug class, pharmacokinetics, and methodological factors. PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception to 16 August 2025 without language restrictions. Reference lists of eligible articles and reviews were screened. We included observational cohort and nested case-control studies enrolling adults without dementia at baseline that compared BZD or Z-drug users with non-users and reported incident AD diagnosed using validated clinical or administrative criteria (e.g., ICD-9/10, NINCDS-ADRDA, or NIA-AA). We excluded reviews, case reports, conference abstracts, studies with overlapping populations, and studies without extractable effect estimates. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using ROBINS-E. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed separately for odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs). Heterogeneity was quantified with I2. Publication bias was evaluated with funnel plots and Egger test when applicable. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses assessed clinical and methodological modifiers. Certainty of evidence was rated using GRADE. The protocol was prospectively registered (PROSPERO CRD420251141623). Thirteen studies (N = 721,354 subjects) were included. Overall sedative-hypnotic use was associated with higher odds of AD (OR 1.29; 95% CI, 1.10-1.53; I2 = 86.5%). Estimates restricted to HRs were attenuated and not statistically significant (HR 1.17; 95% CI, 0.87-1.58; I2 = 73.1%). In subgroup analyses, BZDs overall (OR 1.21; 95% CI 1.07-1.36), Z-drugs (OR 1.14; 95% CI 1.10-1.18; I2 = 0%), and short-acting agents (OR 1.19; 95% CI 1.04-1.36) were associated with higher odds of AD, whereas broad-acting BZDs were not (OR 1.01; 95% CI 0.98-1.05). Long-acting agents showed a borderline estimate (OR 1.44; 95% CI 0.99-2.09). Age-stratified analyses showed higher odds in individuals aged <75 years (OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.24-1.49), but not in those aged ≥75 years (OR 1.14; 95% CI 0.61-2.11). Estimates were also higher in studies using ICD-based definitions (OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.16-1.86) than in those using clinical criteria (OR 1.13; 95% CI 0.84-1.52). Meta-regression identified drug class and publication year as significant moderators. Risk of bias was rated moderate to serious in several studies, mainly due to residual confounding and exposure misclassification. Certainty of evidence ranged from very low to moderate. Use of BZDs and Z-drugs was associated with increased odds of AD, with variation across drug classes and pharmacokinetic profiles. Short-acting agents, BZDs overall, and Z-drugs were associated with higher risk, whereas broad-acting BZDs were not; this finding should be interpreted with caution given subgroup heterogeneity and limited statistical power. Residual confounding and reverse causation limit causal inference. These results support careful prescribing and the need for prospective studies with detailed characterization of exposure, dose, duration, and clinical indication to clarify whether observed associations reflect drug-related effects or underlying disease processes. PROSPERO protocol number: CRD420251141623.

Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and all-cause mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis within the Italian National Guidelines "La Dieta Mediterranea".

Robotic recipient liver transplantation worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the first 93 patients, from feasibility to early outcomes.

Handgrip strength asymmetry is associated with mortality risk: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Comparative performance of HPV self-sampling and conventional screening methods: A systematic review and bivariate meta-analysis.

Zygomatic implants for rehabilitation of head and neck cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Peripartum depression and caregivers' practices of digital media exposure in infants and young children: A systematic review and meta-analysis study.