Public Transport Routes Research Articles

Modeling Optimal Configuration of Urban Centers and Public Transport Routes that Correspond to Population Distribution

Modeling Optimal Configuration of Urban Centers and Public Transport Routes that Correspond to Population Distribution

Measuring Public-Transport Network Connectivity Using Google Transit with Comparison across Cities

The aim of the study was to construct a framework to determine interconnectivity among public transport routes using the information provided by Google Transit and to apply this framework to appraise and compare the network connectivity of Auckland, London, and Paris. Google Transit provides both spatial and network data that are sourced directly from transport agencies, thus making it an efficient tool for retrieving the data required to measure connectivity. This study contributes to previously-developed methodologies for determining connectivity by (a) including the qualitative measures, which are smoothness of transfer and information availability, along with the quantitative measures, and (b) using Google Transit as an alternative data source. The results showed that the overall public transport connectivity of the network in Paris is better than that in London and Auckland. Auckland’s network had the most poor connectivity values. Findings suggest that Auckland’s network would benefit from more integrated services.

Physical and Digital Infrastructure Readiness Index for Connected and Automated Vehicles.

In this paper, we present an assessment framework that can be used to score segments of physical and digital infrastructure based on their features and readiness to expedite the deployment of Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs). We discuss the equipment and methodology applied for the collection and analysis of required data to score the infrastructure segments in an automated way. Moreover, we demonstrate how the proposed framework can be applied using data collected on a public transport route in the city of Zilina, Slovakia. We use two types of data to demonstrate the methodology of the assessment-connectivity and positioning data to assess the connectivity and localization performance provided by the infrastructure and image data for road signage detection using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The core of the research is a dataset that can be used for further research work. We collected and analyzed data in two settings—an urban and suburban area. Despite the fact that the connectivity and positioning data were collected in different days and times, we found highly underserved areas along the investigated route. The main problem from the point of view of communication in the investigated area is the latency, which is an issue associated with infrastructure segments mainly located at intersections with heavy traffic or near various points of interest. The low accuracy of localization has been observed mainly in dense areas with large buildings and trees, which decrease the number of visible localization satellites. To address the problem of automated assessment of the traffic sign recognition precision, we proposed a CNN that achieved 99.7% precision.

REDESAIN TERMINAL BUS LAWANG KUARI SEKADAU DENGAN PENDEKATAN ARSITEKTUR HUMANIS

Sekadau is one of the regencies located in West Kalimantan. As the economy develops, transportation facilities and infrastructure in Sekadau Regency are also increasingly needed. It aims to support the smooth mobility of passengers and goods. One of the supporting elements of the transportation system is the station which functions in controlling, supervising, and regulating the passenger and goods transportation system and being one of the node points of public transportation routes. The only bus station in Sekadau Regency is Lawang Kuari Station which is a type B terminal. This station is located in Sungai Ringin Village, Sekadau Hilir District. Even though they already have a station, the enthusiasm of the Sekadau community to use public transportation services is still very low. This is due to the government's lack of attention to station empowerment, both in terms of fulfilling facilities and maintaining buildings and areas. Another problem in the Lawang Kuari Terminal area is the functional problem of this area itself. In this station redesign, the author uses a Humanist Architecture approach in order to increase comfort in the station, so that the Sekadau community pays attention to the existence of Lawang Kuari Station. The Humanist Architecture approach places more emphasis on small-scale elements that are an important part of society. This approach seeks to improve the quality of existing designs and design decisions are more focused on the needs of the community.

KAJIAN TAMAN PINTAR SEBAGAI RUANG TERBUKA PUBLIK DALAM KONTEKS KOTA LAYAK ANAK DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA

Taman Pintar is one of the playgrounds provided by the Yogyakarta City Government. Taman Pintar combines recreational and educational tourist attractions in one location. On a city scale, Taman Pintar becomes a planned public space that provides play facilities for children. The purpose of the study is to determine the system of setting public space used by children both in planned public spaces of Taman Pintar, so that factors were obtained that influence the use of child-friendly public spaces in Yogyakarta City. This research is qualitative with a case study method. Data collection was carried out by accidental sampling with children and parents. Analysis techniques based on matchmaking patterns then build case descriptions. The results shows the system of setting Taman Pintar is located in a strategic location in the center of city center, served by public transportation routes, there are diverse play facilities with a design of laying close to each other, easy accessibility, visitors feel comfortable, children feel safe and are not afraid to be in Taman Pintar. These six factors affect Taman Pintar as a public open space that is friendly with children.

INEQUALITY OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SERVICES IN LITHUANIAN MUNICIPALITIES

The public transport system must be developed evenly, it must be equally accessible to all groups of the population, regardless of gender, age, financial situation, etc. In Lithuania public transport is organized differently. Access to public transport services in rural areas further away from the main transport routes is limited. This leads to social and regional exclusion, which has a negative long-term impact on the communities life. In many rural areas, the population is scattered, therefore, public transport services in such areas are economically unviable. It is not beneficial for public transport operators to organize public transport routes to places where demand is lower. As a result, both public transport passengers flows and given financing are uneven. The aim of this article is to analyze the problem of inequality of public transport services in Lithuanian municipalities based on the collected data. To achieve this aim, the review analysis research method is used in this article. Research tasks: to present the problem of regional social exclusion, to present indicators describing the inequality of regional public transport services, to collect data of the indicators under consideration and to perform a review analysis of the collected data.

Analysis of the Elderly’s Preferences for Choosing Medical Service Facilities from the Perspective of Accessibility: A Case Study of Tertiary General Hospitals in Hefei, China

The accessibility of medical service facilities is a vital influence on elderly people choosing medical treatment. Encouraging residents to seek nearby medical treatment can facilitate the rational layout and diversion of urban medical facilities and reduce health resource waste. However, due to accessibility factors, elderly people may not choose the nearest hospital. In order to investigate such factors, we conducted a questionnaire survey among the elderly from 10 tertiary general hospitals in Hefei, China. On the basis of the origin-destination (OD) cost matrix analysis and statistical analysis of 830 valid questionnaires, this paper analyzed the elders’ selection rules when choosing medical facilities and the factors considered when making a choice. The study found that although 85% of elderly participants valued a short distance to tertiary hospitals, only 31% of them attended the closest hospitals in reality, which correlated with regularity according to their education level, travel activity status, and place of residence. The elderly highlighted road congestion, convenience of public transport stations, and number of transfers as critical in determining whether they sought nearby medical treatment. According to the results, effective ways to encourage the elderly to attend their nearest hospital, from the perspective of accessibility, include easing road congestion, improving the layout of public transport stations, and optimizing urban public transport routes. In particular, when planning future medical facilities, attention should be paid to the elderly with primary school education or below, who cannot travel independently, and those who live far from the city center.

Analisis Jaringan Trayek Angkutan Umum di Bangkinang Kota Kabupaten Kampar, Riau

Bangkinang Kota is the capital of kampar which is the center of regional activities such as government, education, economy and so on, so that in this area the usage of vehicles is quite high, especially private vehicles. The amount of private vehicles usage is not comparable to the amount of public transportation available. Therefore, the aim of this study wants to plan a new public transportation in the city center by connecting the surrounding areas. Public transportation planning is carried out by calculating the amount of demand for public transportation, then the results of the demand calculation are used as a reference for determining the route system. Before calculating the demand and determining the route system, the first step is collecting primary and secondary data, then analyze a demand in the form of trip generation, distribution of trip and mode selection. Furthermore, from the demand analysis, there are 3 (three) public transport routes who serve Bangkinang Kota.

Machine Learning and Image Recognition Technologies to Identify Built Environment Barriers and Incentives to Walk

The local built environment characteristics deeply influence pedestrians’ behavior, favoring or imposing barriers on walking trips. However, identifying micro-scale built environment data is challenging and time consuming, and in developing countries there is a general lack of reliable information at street level. The recent development of machine learning and image recognition algorithms is helping researchers to collect data quickly, automatically, and on a large scale. Therefore, this study aims to test the application of an existing semantic segmentation algorithm to represent urban scenes in the city of São Paulo. A confirmatory multivariate technique (structural equation model [SEM]) is used to test if a combination of the predetermined categories derived from machine learning algorithms helps to understand which type of environment (urban scenes) represents barriers or incentives to walk. The impacts of the urban scenes on the walking behavior mediated by the walkability perceptions were tested using the aforementioned SEM model. Car-oriented and unoccupied areas, with a high presence of heavy vehicles and a large presence of vegetation, are considered detrimental to the walkability perception and consequently to the walking frequency. On the other hand, densified areas, proximity to public transportation routes, and the presence of lighting and other pedestrians are considered friendlier for pedestrians, encouraging residents to walk.

Retribution for Public Passenger Transport Route Permits in Pasuruan Regency, Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the implementation of the route permit retribution policy as well as to describe and analyze the factors that support and hinder the performance of the public passenger transport route permit retribution policy in Pasuruan Regency. The research location is at the Pasuruan Regency Transportation Service. The data sources are primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, documentation and techniques Focus Group Discussion (FGD). And for the data analysis technique in this study uses an interactive analytical technique model with the stages of data collection, condensation, data presentation and conclusions. This study found several performances of the Pasuruan Regency Transportation Service that had not been effective and maximal in managing retribution activities for public passenger transport route permits. This can be seen from the indicators in policy implementation, which include: 1). Communication, namely the clarity of policy orders to policy implementers of a general (strategic) nature, but this clarity has not been realized in managerial and technical operational policies. The intensity of socialization has been carried out by the Pasuruan Regency Transportation Service precisely to the policy targets. Still, there is an element of non-compliance by the target group against policy rules is an obstacle to achieving the retribution target. 2). Resources, namely the limited number of human resources support in the Route In-Transport Section, result in an imbalance between the task load and the comprehensive coverage of the Regency area. The provision of physical facilities and infrastructure is sufficient, but application facilities for route permit services and online-based route permit extension fees are still unavailable.

Smart Cities and Urban Mobility for Innovation and Sustainability

This study is grounded in theories of degrowth and the circular economy. The general objective of this research leads to a thematic discussion of urban mobility in big cities that will suggest solutions for implementation in sustainable forms of technology which could transform metropolises into smart cities. As specific objectives, it seeks (1) to demonstrate the problem of urban mobility in large cities; (2) to address the global trend of changing unsustainable consumption habits into habits of minimal consumption, linked to Latouche's theory of degrowth and the circular economy; and (3) to interpret new trends in large urban centers with a focus on the smart city. As it happens, young millennials choose to enjoy goods, instead of owning them; with the availability of the Internet, people have started to interact with cities, exchanging information about traffic (congestion and public transport routes); they also access alternative modes of transport, such as the use of shared vehicles, bicycles, electric scooters and other modes that can be rented through apps. However, many companies which claim to offer sharing services in fact practice pseudo-sharing for the sake of profit. The methodology in this study was inductive in nature, using secondary sources, from qualitative bibliographic research starting from electronic searches of articles available in public domain pages, which allowed various publications on the chosen topic to be accessed for review. The result is an academic contribution to the public understanding of current conditions that may lead the elaboration of public policies for updated scenarios of smart cities to the benefit of residents.

Features of Development of Route Networks of Public Urban Passenger Transport in Russian Monotowns: the Case of the City of Nizhnekamsk

Currently, improvement of public transport of general use is among priority areas for development of urban transport systems. Convenient public transport routes, combined with modern rolling stock and a developed transport infrastructure, allow solving most transport problems and ensure high mobility of residents and guests of a city. The objective of the research, main results of which are described in the paper, was to build an efficient urban public transport network in monotowns of Russia to ensure sustainability of functioning of public passenger transport intended for general use. The article presents an option for solving the problem of functioning of public transport in single-industry towns. Very often, in such cities (with enterprises pronouncedly influencing urban planning), there are two mutually exclusive transport networks, namely, municipal one and contracted one (contracted by an enterprise and intended for shift rotation). As a result, contracted routes are not optimal, municipal carriers suffer losses, transport companies do not meet the schedule, switch to a less capacious type of vehicles, and consequently people are dissatisfied with the work of public transport in the city. To solve these problems, it is proposed to combine the municipal and contracted networks into a single transport network of the city.

Analysis and Design of Public Transport Route Planner: Dijkstras Algorithm

Abstract: Nowadays, vehicle tracking is extremely useful for many things: personal vehicle security, public transportation management, fleet management, and mass transit management, among others. It is common for passengers to use public transport applications that propose the best route for them. Users may prefer a different route for public transportation depending on their preferences. Most users find the shortest route based on this criteria when choosing an ideal route. The shortest path is frequently determined using Dijkstra's Algorithm, according to our research. For this project, we designed a GIS application to improve public transportation using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Based on the system's real-time location tracking, Dijkstra's algorithm provides taxis with the appropriate category for passengers. With this system, taxi drivers will not have to drive across town to pick up passengers, as confirmations will be sent directly to their phones. If you frequently have to wait for a taxi that has been booked, this will be helpful, especially if you are frequently left waiting

Optimization of New Energy Public Transportation Network Based on Ant Colony Algorithm and Low-Carbon Concept

In order to solve the optimization of new energy bus line network, a new energy bus line network based on ant colony algorithm and low-carbon concept is proposed. Firstly, the model of public transport network is established combined with OD matrix, and the improved ant colony algorithm is used to iteratively optimize the initial suboptimal route set, optimize the objective function, and finally obtain the optimal public transport route set. Secondly, the improved ant colony algorithm based on simulated annealing solves the design of public transport network, and the optimization scheme greatly reduces the number of passenger transfers and the total travel time of passengers. Finally, simulated annealing algorithm, basic ant colony algorithm, and simulated annealing improved ant colony algorithm are used to optimize the objective function. It is proved that the improved ant colony algorithm of simulated annealing can find the optimal solution of the three algorithms when solving the problem of public transport network design, which is better than the solution of basic ant colony and simulated annealing algorithm. The solution efficiency is 10.6 times that of simulated annealing algorithm and 3.5 times that of basic ant colony algorithm.

INTELLIGENT SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATION SEARCH OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT ROUTES

This article is devoted to automation of search of routes of passenger flows of inhabitants of the city on the basis of routes of public transport. To do this, it is proposed to use satellite data that reflect the movement of passengers. Based on the analysis of data arrays of information on the movement of cellular subscribers and the use of message messages to determine the effectiveness of passenger routes of public transport, the article proposes to create a system of automatic search of public transport routes, which includes different classes of charts and data bases. You can use data from cellular operators to do this. This can increase the accuracy of certain traffic volumes and the ability to monitor them in real time. Reliable information on the routes of urban public transport allows to determine passenger flows and efficiently perform transport services. The main requirements for modeling the city’s passenger traffic are presented. Methods of obtaining data on determining the city’s passenger traffic and public transport are considered. Documentation for the creation of the ISASR (Intelligent System for Automation Search of Routes) project has been developed. The MVC (Model-View-Controller) architectural template was used to develop the project. Class diagrams and precedent diagrams have been developed for the model. Database structures have been created and vehicle types and user types have been defined. Algorithms for finding routes for different situations, with different latitude and longitude coordinates, as well as different number of stops and transfers have been developed.

Sistem Informasi Geografis Jalur Transportasi Angkutan Umum Berbasis Web: Studi Kasus Terminal Mardika Kota Ambon

Public transportation in Ambon city is very helpful in supporting people's daily activities, So, in this final project, the author develops an information system for Ambon city transportation routes, a website that can helping Mardika terminal workers to managing public transportation data and routes of public transportation at the Mardika terminal in Ambon city. And for people in the city of Ambon can get information about public transportation routes, especially at the Mardika terminal, in Ambon city. This system using the throw-away prototyping software development method, and also this system using the black box testing method, this method tested by Mardika terminal workers, and then proceed with user acceptance testing. by providing an inquiry form to terminal workers and passengers. And the result is that this system can provide information in the form of public transport prices, schedules, and public transport routes, this system, it can help passengers and can assist Mardika terminal workers in managing active public transportation routes in Ambon City.

The Effect of Public Transportation Management to the City Planning in Medan

The movement of human flows, vehicles, and goods leads to various interactions. Almost all interactions require us to travel. Therefore, the result is the movement of traffic flows. In general, transportation planning makes interaction as easy and efficient as possible. Transportation management is an integral part of city planning. The city plan will cause many traffic problems without considering the transportation patterns. Good urban transportation systems should make public transportation the primary means of mobility; however, people are still reluctant to use public transport in developing countries such as Indonesia. There are still many people who prefer to use private transportation. This study aims to analyze the effect of public transportation management on city planning in Medan. The samples of this research are all the users of public transportations at Medan who are 400 people. The collection methods are coming interviews, distribution of questionnaires, and documentary studies. The data analysis method used in this study is the multiple regression linear analysis. The research results showed that simultaneous transportation encompasses means of transportation, transport infrastructure, service quality, accessibility, public transport routes, and the integration of modes. These significantly affect city planning in Medan, with mode integration being a partially dominant factor of influence. The services of different ways of transport should be integrated with an easy and convenient mode transfer scope.

Electric Bus Charging Scheduling for a Single Public Transport Route Considering Nonlinear Charging Profile and Battery Degradation Effect

This study deals with a fundamental electric bus charging scheduling (EBCS) problem for a single public transport route by considering the nonlinear electric bus (EB) charging profile and battery degradation effect under the partial charging policy, which allows EBs to be charged any length of time and make good use of dwell times between consecutive trips. Given a group of trip tasks for an EB fleet and charger type, the problem is to minimize the total cost for a public transport operator of providing peak-hour bus services for a focal single public transport route by simultaneously determining the EB-to-trip assignment and EB charging schedule with charger type choice subject to the necessary EB operational constraints. We first build a mixed-integer nonlinear and nonconvex programming (MINL&NCP) model for the EBCS problem. To effectively solve the MINL&NCP model to global optimality, we subsequently develop two mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) models by means of linearization and approximation techniques. To accelerate the solution efficiency, we further create three families of valid inequalities depending on the unique features of the problem. A real case study based on the No.171 bus route in Singapore is conducted to demonstrate the performance of the developed models. Extensive numerical experiments are carried out to seek valuable managerial insights for public transport operators.

Study of Pedestrian Zone According to Superblock Criteria in the Casco Antiguo of Panama

The Casco Viejo of Panama is an area with great potential to develop a pedestrian zone, as it is an attractive area for travelers to visit. For this development to be carried out safely, it is recommended that the site is analyzed based on superblock criteria to ensure pedestrians can move through the streets in a free and accessible way regardless of their physical condition. Hence, it is necessary to evaluate the current state of the road infrastructure, as we did in this research. The methodology consisted of field visits where information was gathered on the distribution of space so that ideal routes for pedestrian tourists could be ensured. We surveyed the state of the sidewalks, their physical condition, minimum widths, heights, their accessibility, and the presence of obstacles that block movement from one point to another. We also assessed the characteristics of the roads, safe crossings and signs, the current management of parking in illegal areas, and the system of public transport routes. The results describe the current problems, which are, firstly, the issue of poor pedestrian and cyclist mobility due to the lack of space available on public roads as a result of poorly parked cars and the placement of bollards. Secondly, free movement is impossible for the disabled due to the absence of ramps and railings, which prevents the integration of this group in the area.

Analysing the impact of COVID-19 risk perceptions on route choice behaviour in train networks.

Unlike previous pandemics, COVID-19 has sustained over a relatively longer period with cyclical infection waves and numerous variants. Public transport ridership has been hit particularly hard. To restore travellers' confidence it is critical to assess their risk determinants and trade-offs. To this end, we survey train travellers in the Netherlands in order to: (i) quantify the impact of trip-specific, policy-based, and pandemic-related attributes on travellers' COVID-19 risk perceptions; and (ii) evaluate the trade-off between this risk perception and other travel attributes. Adopting the hierarchical information integration approach, in a two-stage stated preference experiment, respondents are asked to first rate how risky they perceive different travel situations to be, and then to choose between different travel options that include their own perceived risk rating as an attribute. Perceived risk ratings and choices between travel options are modelled using a linear regression and a mixed multinomial logit model, respectively. We find that on-board crowding and infection rates are the most important factors for risk perception. Amongst personal characteristics, the vulnerability of family and friends has the largest impact-nearly twice that of personal health risk. The bridging choice experiment reveals that while values of time have remained similar to pre-pandemic estimates, travellers are significantly more likely to choose routes with less COVID-19 risk (e.g., due to lower crowding). Respondents making longer trips by train value risk four times as much as their shorter trip counterparts. By combining the two models, we also report willingness to pay for mitigating factors: reduced crowding, mask mandates, and increased sanitization. Since we evaluate the impact of a large number of variables on route choice behaviour, we can use the estimated models to predict behaviour under detailed pandemic scenarios. Moreover, in addition to highlighting the importance of COVID-19 risk perceptions in public transport route choices, the results from this study provide valuable information regarding the mitigating impacts of various policies on perceived risk.