Public Transport Management Research Articles

Логистическое управление городским общественным транспортом

Problems of passenger transport, lack of resources, growth and high competition of taxis and taxis on the route, logistics management of public transport, modernization of urban public transport, problems of waiting for passengers and the procedure for setting tariffs for passenger services.

Rethinking In/formality in Public Transport Management: Dynamics between State Intervention and the Current Practices of Tera Askebari in Addis Ababa

Rethinking In/formality in Public Transport Management: Dynamics between State Intervention and the Current Practices of Tera Askebari in Addis Ababa

THE APPLICATION OF FOREIGN METHODS OF INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN THE SYSTEM OF STATE GOVERNANCE OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

Within the framework of the public administration system effectiveness in the provision of services to the population, the authors consider topical issues of improving the quality of the work of such a social sector as public transport. It is noted that the state reform of public transport demonstrates high efficiency in implementing a set of tasks (development of digitalization of the industry, renovation of transport parks, etc.). However, in the field of transport services, there are still open meta related to the need to optimize their practical activities. An important point in the study is the analysis of the features in assessing the degree of satisfaction with transport services consumers. These features are largely due to the quality of the driver himself, who is the subject of providing services to vehicle users, and the key role of passengers who are able to objectively assess the work of social services. The article discusses various methods of increasing efficiency, including in the field of transport management. The Kazakhstani experience of research and application of these and other approaches to improving the efficiency of public transport management is considered. Having considered this practice, it is proposed to introduce an assessment of the satisfaction of public transport passengers; to implement the research objectives, the authors proposed a methodology based on the results of a survey of the population in an online format. In the presence of an integrated mobile application, this methodology will make it possible to introduce an estimated indicator of passenger satisfaction with completed trips. The result of these measures should be an improvement in the quality of services provided by public transport, which, in turn, will stimulate the abandonment of private vehicles in favor of public ones, significantly improve the environmental situation in the city, and also be able to relieve the traffic of city streets during almost all working hours. In the context of the state program for the implementation of the "smart" urban transport project, the maximum optimization of the existing system and the achievement of the ultimate goal of ensuring comfortable and safe travel by public transport is possible. Keywords: public administration, efficiency, key performance indicators, KPI system, KPI system algorithm, customer satisfaction, efficiency assessment, quality of services to the population, social work.

Is Local Public Transport unsuitable for elderly? Exploring the cases of two Italian cities

The issue of developing environments responsive to the ambitions and needs of older people has become a major concern for social and public policy. According to the activity theory, psychological well-being in old age is based upon the level of activity and social contacts which are kept (Havighurst, 1968). Several researchers (e.g., Mollenkopf, 1997; Banister & Bowling, 2004; Burnett & Lucas, 2010; Stanley, Vella-Brodrick, & Currie, 2010; Mifsuda et al., 2019; Van Hoven & Meijering, 2019) show that participation in activities is related to larger social networks and fewer feelings of loneliness, and that outdoor mobility contributes to old people's life satisfaction. As the activity space of old people shrinks with age, the conditions of the neighborhood where older adults live become increasingly important. Moreover, the integration and management of public transport with active travel (including equity and health implications) is a key subject for policy makers. Although Italy is the “oldest” country in the European Union (closely followed by Germany), the literature exploring elderly mobility is scant. The paper aims to fill this gap by investigating the motivations of a representative sample of older adults, in the cities of Milan and Genoa, not to take trips and activities because of the perceived inadequacy of Local Public Transport. The 411 old people, living in three peripheral neighborhoods in Milan - the Italian financial capital -, and in three peripheral neighborhoods in Genoa - the oldest Italian metropolitan area-, were interviewed face-to-face in 2019. Multivariate logistic regression models are adopted to explore whether giving up moving inside the city is related to: i) elderly's demographic variables, health conditions and modes of transport; ii) the perceived satisfaction of both Local Public Transport and the neighborhood (“ageing in place”); iii) the town of residence.

IGREEN: An Integrated Emission Model for Mixed Bus Fleets

The environmental concern has become central for many bus companies, but estimating pollutant emissions can be difficult for many reasons (little knowledge or underestimation of the problem; scarce know-how; reluctance to acknowledge the pollutant potential of bus fleets because either of small size or composed by too many old-generation vehicles). To facilitate this task, an integrated, user-friendly model, iGREEN, is presented. The paper describes the methodology for the development of this tool, which is specifically designed to help transit operators in assessing the pollutants emitted by fleets where the amount of old buses is not negligible. This is not a minor issue, given the large number of obsolete vehicles still circulating and the unsuitability of some models when calculating emissions in case of buses with protracted mileage. Results from two case studies are reported and commented, with the final aim to advance knowledge farther afield. This gives rise to a discussion on the relevance of such environmental concerns also in light of the contemporary pandemic which seem to have generated different priorities in the public transport management.

Disability Inclusive Public Transport in a City in Perú

Aims: In Latin America and the Caribbean, a large percentage of the urban and interurban transport service remains inaccessible for citizens with a disability. In Peru, citizens with complex disabilities have been made invisible in the public transport service. The objective of this research is to determine the relationship between the management of inclusive urban public transport and the accessibility of persons with disabilities in the city of Trujillo, 2020, and how public management impacts on this group of citizens.
 Methodology: A questionnaire was used based on the dimensions of each variable. The variables were: Inclusive urban public transport management composed of 5 dimensions (equipment and services, adapted vehicles, preferential rate, regulatory compliance, state of the roads) and accessibility of people with disabilities, composed of 5 dimensions (physical environment, attitudinal , social activities, mobility, comfort). Spearman's rank correlation was used.
 Results: The results allowed identifying that the management of inclusive urban public transport in the city of Trujillo has a predominantly deficient level, and the accessibility of people with disabilities is mainly poor.
 Conclusion: A direct and significant relationship was evidenced between the management of inclusive urban public transport and its dimensions (equipment and services, adapted vehicles, preferential rates, regulatory compliance, state of the roads) with the accessibility of people with disabilities in the city of Trujillo.

Model of an automated decision-making support system by a municipality in public transport management

The static optimization model of passenger’s transport structure of small town is described. The transport network was interpreted by an oriented graph, whose vertices correspond to stops, and the arcs - parts of highways between stops. The route of transport was supposed to be given. The passenger traffic on each arc at the current fee was considered to be know.

NEURAL NETWORK MODEL FOR PREDICTING PASSENGER CONGESTION TO OPTIMIZE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT FOR URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORT

The development of public transport in cities is an effective way to reduce “congestion” in the road network and, as a result, increase the speed of passenger transportation. Improving the qua¬lity of urban bus services helps attract more passengers. Bus intervals are calculated once for each route line individually, based on the average congestion of passengers at the stops. In turn, the sudden accumulation of a large number of passengers at bus stops causes that not all passengers can move in a timely manner, which causes concern for passengers. This is one of the factors that redu¬ces the quality of passenger transport services. The aim of the study is to develop a model for predicting the congestion of passengers at bus stops to optimize traffic management of urban public transport. Materials and methods. This article presents a neural network model for predicting passenger congestion at bus stops. It takes into account the spatio-temporal characteristics of bus traffic. Results. The developed model for predicting passenger congestion at bus stops was tested on real data from bus route 3 (Dushanbe, Tajikistan). The model made it possible to predict passenger traffic (the number of passengers at bus stops) with an accuracy of 72% to 74.5% of the actual number of passengers at bus stops. Conclusion. The proposed method, in contrast to other methods, allows you to automatically adapt the forecasting model to the changing conditions of the route line. This method is universal and can be used for other route lines (bus stops). It does not require much time to reconfigure.

Bandung sustainable urban mobility policy – angkot contribution on public transport emission

The trend of urban transportation policy has led to the sustainable development agenda specifically in reducing greenhouse gas production. Improvement in public transportation services was needed to decrease the number of private vehicles, which was directly proportional to fuel consumption. Our previous study regarding public transport had been carried out by measuring the contribution of Trans Metro Bandung (TMB) to the emissions in Bandung City. Emissions from other modes of public transportation such as Angkot (fleet of minibus), which had a greater number of units and routes compared to other modes was also needed to be elucidated. This research seeks to identify the contributions of Angkot emissions based on fuel consumption (Tier 2). The results showed that Angkot had a higher contribution to the emissions in Bandung City compared to the contribution of TMB. Therefore, a comprehensive transportation policy scheme was required to create a more integrated management of public transportation and emission standard. Enforcement to the Angkot operators was needed to apply and improve their service management. Thus, in the future, Angkot will be more environmentally friendly.

A Preparatory Survey in Integrated Passenger Transport Planning: A Case Study

Implementing an integrated passenger transport system requires, apart from substantial organisational changes in public transport management, a study examining the demand and thinking of users of such transport services. It is the users who generate transport demand so the transport offer must be aligned with such a public transport organisation. This paper outlines the results of field research consisting of a survey on the quality of the existing public transport system. Users were also polled about the new public transport management. The research was carried out on the route that connects the capital, Zagreb, and the nearby City of Velika Gorica, whose residents commute for work or education daily. Research results represent the first step of implementing an integrated passenger transport system for the said case study.

Intelligent City Traffic Scheduling Optimization Based on Internet of Things Communication

The application of Internet of Things technology in the construction of smart city traffic system is the inevitable choice of smart city traffic system to promote the development of road traffic in the process of urban development. First of all, the traffic in the city, on the basis of the research background and significance, research on the Internet of Things, and wisdom of the construction of the urban traffic are summarized and analyzed; secondly, on the basis of requirement analysis and feasibility analysis, combined with the principles and goals of the construction of the system, the establishment of the model of urban traffic based on Internet of Things and the city’s architecture based on Internet of Things intelligent urban traffic system and design are put forward. Finally, an improved ant colony algorithm is proposed in the aspect of system optimal path algorithm, and its superiority is verified. The results show that complementary networks can significantly improve the robustness of networks. These conclusions provide a theoretical basis for the construction of smart city public transport network traffic scheduling and provide model support for the operation and management of smart city public transport.

Menelusuri dan Membandingkan Transportasi Publik Berbasis Rel antara Kuala Lumpur dengan Jakarta

Management of public transportation in Indonesia, especially Jakarta, as the capital city of the country, is lagging behind the developed countries in the world and lagging behind seeing progress in Southeast Asian countries, thus directly affecting the low competitiveness of investment and the level of national tourist destinations. This paper aims to explore rail-based public transportation in Kuala Lumpur and compare with conditions in Jakarta. The method used is a descriptive analysis by tracing public transportation through comparative study activities in students of the Master of Public Administration. The results of a comparative study show that the public transportation system in Kuala lumpur especially rail-based transportation is still better than Jakarta. This is because the mode of transportation has been integrated as the Klang Valley Integrated Rail Transit, including; KL Monorail, LRT (light rapid transit), KTM Commuter, KLIA Express / KLIA Transit, and MRT (Mass Rapid Transit).

Menelusuri dan Membandingkan Transportasi Publik Berbasis Rel antara Kuala Lumpur dengan Jakarta

Management of public transportation in Indonesia, especially Jakarta, as the capital city of the country, is lagging behind the developed countries in the world and lagging behind seeing progress in Southeast Asian countries, thus directly affecting the low competitiveness of investment and the level of national tourist destinations. This paper aims to explore rail-based public transportation in Kuala Lumpur and compare with conditions in Jakarta. The method used is a descriptive analysis by tracing public transportation through comparative study activities in students of the Master of Public Administration. The results of a comparative study show that the public transportation system in Kuala lumpur especially rail-based transportation is still better than Jakarta. This is because the mode of transportation has been integrated as the Klang Valley Integrated Rail Transit, including; KL Monorail, LRT (light rapid transit), KTM Commuter, KLIA Express / KLIA Transit, and MRT (Mass Rapid Transit).

An Ensemble Learning Model for Short-Term Passenger Flow Prediction

In recent years, with the continuous improvement of urban public transportation capacity, citizens’ travel has become more and more convenient, but there are still some potential problems, such as morning and evening peak congestion, imbalance between the supply and demand of vehicles and passenger flow, emergencies, and social local passenger flow surged due to special circumstances such as activities and inclement weather. If you want to properly guide the local passenger flow and make a reasonable deployment of operating buses, it is necessary to grasp the changing law of public transportation short-term passenger flow. This paper builds a short-term passenger flow prediction model for urban public transportation based on the idea of integrated learning. The goal is to use the integrated model to accurately predict the short-term passenger flow of urban public transportation, using Multivariable Linear Regression (MLR), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) as the four seed models, and then use regression algorithm to integrate the model and predict the passenger flow, station boarding and landing, and cross-sectional passenger flow data of the typical representative line 428 in the “Huitian Area” of Beijing from January 1, 2020, to May 31, 2020. Finally, the prediction results of the submodels are compared with those of the integrated model to verify the superiority of the integrated model. The research results of this paper can enrich the short-term passenger flow forecasting system of urban public transportation and provide effective data support and scientific basis for the passenger flow, vehicle management, and dispatch of urban public transportation.

Spatial Analysis of Changes in Public Transport Passengers as a result of the Corona Pandemic in the Mashhad Suburban Area

The present study was designed to investigate the spatial variations of public transport passengers before and after Corona in the metropolitan area of ​​Mashhad. For this purpose, after conducting documentary studies, descriptive information about the volume of public transport passengers was obtained from Mashhad Bus Organization separately from each station, and at the same time with preparing a spatial map of the stations, a spatial database was formed. The period under study includes before Corona (March 1997 to February 1998) and after Corona (March 1998 to September 2010). Spatial differences before and after Corona were determined using classical and spatial statistics methods. The results showed significant differences in changes before and after corona. On the other hand, showing the differences showed that in rural areas with a long distance from the city of Mashhad in the west and northwest, unlike other areas, the volume of movements after Corona has increased. Using geographical regression model also showed that among local factors, economic characteristics related to each village show the greatest role in explaining the changes, which in some areas also explains up to 63%. Due to the demographic and economic structure of this area and their strong dependence on public transportation, methods such as closing or reducing operating hours; It brings more segregation of these villages. It is suggested that such studies, focusing on spatial analysis of changes, can assist public transportation management in redesigning programs related to this area.

Gestão estratégica integrada do transporte público de passageiros e suas relações com cidade digital estratégica

A gestão estratégica integrada é fundamental para o planejamento regional, pois pode oferecer soluções aos problemas comuns aos cidadãos de diversas localidades, como saúde, coleta de lixo e transporte público, bem como a transformação dos municípios em projetos de cidade digital estratégica (CDE) pode auxiliar na coleta de dados, transparência, tomada de decisão e inclusão da população nos processos decisórios. O objetivo é analisar a gestão estratégica integrada do transporte público de passageiros e suas relações com cidade digital estratégica. A metodologia da pesquisa enfatiza a análise qualitativa de documentos que oficializam a rede integrada de transportes (RIT) de Curitiba-PR e disponibilidade livre de acesso aos documentos em questão. Os resultados auferidos evidenciam que de fato os documentos são de livre acesso por meio de portais de informação para a população em geral, porém não há um documento que oficialize as estratégias de desenvolvimento do transporte público de passageiros em um planejamento em longo prazo, como defende o modelo de CDE. A conclusão reitera que a gestão precisa de um modelo efetivo de integração de dados e informações, que permita a transparência e participação popular nos processos decisórios. A pesquisa destaca a importância do debate sobre modelos de gestão adequados, buscando o envolvimento dos cidadãos ativamente na coleta e produção de dados e informações, como o modelo de CDE prevê. Palavras-chave: Gestão Estratégica. Gestão Integrada. Gestão Urbana. Transporte Público. Cidade Digital Estratégica.

An Edge Traffic Flow Detection Scheme Based on Deep Learning in an Intelligent Transportation System

An intelligent transportation system (ITS) plays an important role in public transport management, security and other issues. Traffic flow detection is an important part of the ITS. Based on the real-time acquisition of urban road traffic flow information, an ITS provides intelligent guidance for relieving traffic jams and reducing environmental pollution. The traffic flow detection in an ITS usually adopts the cloud computing mode. The edge of the network will transmit all the captured video to the cloud computing center. However, the increasing traffic monitoring has brought great challenges to the storage, communication and processing of traditional transportation systems based on cloud computing. To address this issue, a traffic flow detection scheme based on deep learning on the edge node is proposed in this article. First, we propose a vehicle detection algorithm based on the YOLOv3 (You Only Look Once) model trained with a great volume of traffic data. We pruned the model to ensure its efficiency on the edge equipment. After that, the DeepSORT (Deep Simple Online and Realtime Tracking) algorithm is optimized by retraining the feature extractor for multiobject vehicle tracking. Then, we propose a real-time vehicle tracking counter for vehicles that combines the vehicle detection and vehicle tracking algorithms to realize the detection of traffic flow. Finally, the vehicle detection network and multiple-object tracking network are migrated and deployed on the edge device Jetson TX2 platform, and we verify the correctness and efficiency of our framework. The test results indicate that our model can efficiently detect the traffic flow with an average processing speed of 37.9 FPS (frames per second) and an average accuracy of 92.0% on the edge device.

Multiple Utility Analyses for Sustainable Public Transport Planning and Management: Evidence from GPS-Equipped Taxi Data in Haikou

The transportation utility values calculated by traditional utility methods are not comprehensive. Some objects and factors are ignored in traditional utility methods, and this narrow perspective is their primary drawback. In intelligent transportation systems, it is necessary to calculate transportation utility for promoting public traffic planning and management. To build a sustainable intelligent transportation system, modified utility methods are essential to analyze transportation utility in a comprehensive way with innovative technologies and efficient communication systems. To solve the disadvantages of traditional utility methods, it is necessary to establish a new method to build sustainable public transport in the future. In this study, the Multiple Utility Method and Transportation Utility Method are proposed for public transport planning and management from multiple perspectives. A sample is presented to provide a better description, and 69,174 GPS-equipped taxi data in Haikou are adopted for the application of the Transportation Utility Method. The results show that the transportation utility values calculated by the Transportation Utility Method are more comprehensive than the transportation utility calculated by traditional utility methods. This indicates that it is necessary to calculate transportation utility from multiple perspectives based on the Transportation Utility Method. Future directions could include improving the methods, considering more factors, expanding the data used, and extrapolating this research to other cities around the world with similar urban metrics and urban form.

Analysis of demand–supply gaps in public transit systems based on census and GTFS data: a case study of Calgary, Canada

Bridging the gap between demand and supply in transit service is crucial for public transportation management, as planning actions can be implemented to generate supply in high demand areas or to improve upon inefficient deployment of transit service in low transit demand areas. This study aims to introduce feasible approaches for measuring gap types 1 and 2. Gap type 1 measures the gap between public transit capacity and the number of public transit riders per area, while gap type 2 measures the gap between demand and supply as a normalized index. Gap type 1 provides a value that is more realistic than gap type 2, but it requires detailed passenger data that is not always readily available. Gap type 2 is a practical alternative when the detailed passenger data is unavailable because it uses a weighting scheme to estimate demand values. It also uses a newly proposed normalization method called M-score, which allows for a longitudinal gap analysis where yearly gap patterns and trends can be observed and compared. A 5-year gap analysis of Calgary transit is used as a case study. This work presents a new perspective of hourly gaps and proposes a gap measurement approach that contributes to public transit system planning and service improvement.

Performance Management of Public Transportation by the Network Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) Model

Performance Management of Public Transportation by the Network Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) Model