Public Service Function Research Articles

Implementation of the Integrity Zone Development Program towards a Corruption-Free Area and a Serving Clean Bureaucracy Region

Government bureaucracy is an institution responsible for carrying out the functions of public services, community empowerment to the development of a country, so its presence is very crucial in supporting the state administration system. In reality, government bureaucracy has quite complicated issues, namely the widespread acts of corruption and public services that have not been maximized. Therefore, the Central Government's attempts to address current issues through Ministry of Empowerment of State Apparatus and Bureaucracy Reform to resolve existing problems are implementing an integrity zone development program, both at the central and regional levels. The program aims to create a corruption-free government bureaucracy and enhance the quality of public services. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Methods for collecting data are through observation, interviews, and documentation. The theory used in this study is the Edwards III model's policy implementation theory, which consists of communication factors, implementing factors, human resource factors, and bureaucratic structure factors. The results of the study found that the Program had been implemented in the Malang Regional Tax Service Agency. The obstacles encountered are in the bureaucratic culture, human resources and public service systems that apply. The researchers' suggestion is that there must be further innovation and periodic supervision of agencies so that the implementation of the program has good results in implementing of bureaucratic reform, especially in Malang City.

Implementation of the Integrity Zone Development Program towards a Corruption-Free Area and a Serving Clean Bureaucracy Region

Government bureaucracy is an institution responsible for carrying out the functions of public services, community empowerment to the development of a country, so its presence is very crucial in supporting the state administration system. In reality, government bureaucracy has quite complicated issues, namely the widespread acts of corruption and public services that have not been maximized. Therefore, the Central Government's attempts to address current issues through Ministry of Empowerment of State Apparatus and Bureaucracy Reform to resolve existing problems are implementing an integrity zone development program, both at the central and regional levels. The program aims to create a corruption-free government bureaucracy and enhance the quality of public services. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Methods for collecting data are through observation, interviews, and documentation. The theory used in this study is the Edwards III model's policy implementation theory, which consists of communication factors, implementing factors, human resource factors, and bureaucratic structure factors. The results of the study found that the Program had been implemented in the Malang Regional Tax Service Agency. The obstacles encountered are in the bureaucratic culture, human resources and public service systems that apply. The researchers' suggestion is that there must be further innovation and periodic supervision of agencies so that the implementation of the program has good results in implementing of bureaucratic reform, especially in Malang City.

Public health service delivered by public hospitals in China: function analysis and policy advices

Hospitals, especially public hospitals, are an important part of the public health service system. To clarify public health functions of secondary and tertiary public hospitals in China and provide evidences for related health policy decisions, this article introduced the public health services of hospitals in the United States, Britain, Australia and Canada, and then analyzed public health functions of secondary and tertiary public hospitals in China through literature review and case study. The authors summed up eight kinds of public health service functions, and put forward policy advices to promote the performance of public health functions of public hospitals in China. Key words: Hospitals, public; Public health; Functions; Policy advice

Digital interface in Indonesia’s public service broadcasting: Its initiatives and regulatory challenges

Abstract The merging of broadcast platforms, the Internet and social media has challenged the former state-owned broadcasters of Indonesia to find new content strategies and forms suited to the networked media environment. Over the past decade, the arrival of digital technology and rapid growth of social media has broken down the previous linear model of service delivery in Indonesian broadcasting. However, national policy on this issue remains lacking. At present, the Indonesian Broadcast Law (Law No. 32 of 2002) only gives the country’s public radio an ability to use the spectrum in the analogue model. Digital migration, as well as legal protection of social media services, remains an ongoing debate among policy-makers, that will allow free market competition, in particular to opportune the interface of service providers and content producers. Drawing from semi-structured interviews, observations and regulatory reviews, this article broadly investigates the introduction of digital interfaces in the new public service broadcasters of Indonesia, with particular focus on the process through which Indonesian PSBs have embraced the digital media environment to enable the flow of information and public participation between the media entities and their publics. In this article, I present both technology and regulatory perspectives by emphasizing the dynamics of the digital media modes of public service delivery, particularly those through which analogue broadcasts and social media have sought new ways to intertwine. In detail, I will examine certain interactive services applied by Radio Republik Indonesia (RRI), the flagship of Indonesian national public radio, namely RRI-Play, RRI.co.id and RRI-Net, to manage audience participation. Since 2016, these digital platforms have mediated public access to RRI content, generated data on media users, and monitored technological performance. In inspecting these platforms, I refer firstly to the normative debate of public service broadcasters as ‘deliberative public sphere’ before segueing into the three public-service functions that are important in social network media landscape: curation, moderation and monitoring. Furthermore, this article analyses problems behind the regulatory design of Indonesian public-service media within the context of digital broadcasts in the country.

A Modified Inverse Distance Weighting Method for Interpolation in Open Public Places Based on Wi-Fi Probe Data

Urban open places with a public service function (e.g., urban parks) are likely to be populated in peak hours and during public events. To mitigate the risk of overcrowding and even events of stampedes, it is of considerable significance to realize a real-time full coverage estimate of the population density. The main challenge has been the limited deployment of crowd surveillance detectors in open public spaces, leading to incomplete data coverage and thus impacting the quality and reliability of the density estimation. To remedy this issue, this paper proposes a modified inverse distance weighting (IDW) method, named the inverse distance weighting based on path selection behavior (IDWPSB) method. The proposed IDWPSB method adjusts the distance decay effect according to visitors’ path selection behavior, which better characterizes the human dynamics in open spaces. By implementing the model in a real-world road network in the Shichahai scenic area in Beijing, China, the study shows a decrease in the absolute deviation by 17.62% comparing the results between the new method and the traditional IDW method, justifying the effectiveness of the new method for spatial interpolation in open public places. By considering the behavioral factor, the proposed IDWPSB method can provide insights into public safety management with the increasing availability of data derived from location-based services.

Between Public and Private, Britain and Canada: Newfoundland Radio 1934-1949

This article examines Newfoundland radio during the period when Newfoundland was governed by a British-appointed Commission of Government (1934–1949), devoting particular attention to the political sensitivities and implications involved when one nation essentially assumed control of radio broadcasting in one of its dominions. The BBC had played the role of midwife in bringing the Broadcasting Corporation of Newfoundland into being during the 1930s, and provided regular advice to the Commission of Government, at a time when the countries of the empire were encouraged to follow the Corporation’s public service organisation as a model. The relationship between the BBC and the BCN did come to sour, however, due to a feeling in St. John’s that the larger Corporation was neglecting its tiny counterpart. As will be demonstrated using archival sources, there was some justification for this. Due to the particular constitutional status of Newfoundland, as in effect a Dependency of the United Kingdom, the BBC did not treat it on a par with the self-governing Dominions, which meant that possibilities for exchange were limited or non-existent. As well as examining these political issues, the article will develop a portrait of the unique aspects of Newfoundland’s early radio culture. Newfoundland is a particularly appropriate case study for radio beyond boundaries as, due to its geographical location, listeners have traditionally been exposed to US and Canadian radio stations as well as domestic broadcasters and short-wave frequencies. Furthermore, conventional boundaries between public and private models of broadcasting do not apply in Newfoundland, where commercial radio programming has often performed a valuable public service function.

The role of facial attractiveness in tennis TV-viewership

Social sciences, anthropology, psychology, and economics researchers have shown various effects of physical attractiveness. In this study, the authors analyze 622 live tennis matches from 66 Grand Slam tournaments between 2000 and 2016, examining the relationship between facial attractiveness, measured by tennis players’ facial symmetry, and TV-viewership. Results indicate that facial symmetry plays a positive role for female matches while there is no significant effect for male matches. The effect persists in several subsample regressions and robustness checks. The findings have important implications for managers in the field of sports. While public broadcasters have a public service function and therefore should be careful in exploiting consumer biases to avoid reinforcing non-sports taste-based discrimination types. Commercial broadcasters and media institutions with solely profit-maximizing objectives will likely exploit consumer biases.

DEVELOPMENT OF PROVIDING PUBLIC SERVICES IN THE ECONOMY AS A GUARANTEE OF EFFICIENCY IN EUROPEAN INTEGRATION PROCESSES

The transitional period, in which most of European and the world countries today are, is in need of renewal and continuity of integration processes in vital areas to which the economic sphere itself belongs. Ensuring the introduction of universally accepted standards for the provision of public services in the economy into the practice of public administration actors is today a priority task of absolutely all countries that have declared in their Basic Law the principles of the rule of law and the rule by law, the recognition of a person, its life and health as the highest value. Significant obstacles to the gradual and systematic nature of such activities, determined by the aggravation of social tension in society, external aggression, the peculiarities of domestic doctrine and legislation, which are formed using well-defined concepts, at the same time, today contain ambiguous provisions on content, in particular, the notion of public services, their varieties, procedures for their provision, performance indicators. The abovementioned causes the necessity to search for the best ways to eliminate the above inconsistencies, which lead to real inhibition of activities as to ensure the quality provision of public services in the economic sphere. Only the cautious implementation of the principles and criteria for evaluating the provision of public services, as implemented in foreign countries (Great Britain, Germany, the USA, France, Hungary, the Baltic States etc.), should take into account the peculiarities of social relations that have developed in a specific state, in particular, in Ukraine one should take into account the complications associated with the current crisis in the political and international situation and, first of all, the urgent need for service orientation of public administration bodies in the economy and the financial sphere. At the same time, the presence of such features should not negatively affect the principle of gradualness and the continuity of the implementation of international standards in this area. Methodology. The solution of the set purpose is realized using the cognitive potential of the system of philosophical, general scientific and special methods. The comparative legal method is dominant, which allowed determining the development directions of domestic statutory enactments in order to bring them in line with the generally accepted standards for the provision of public services, the experience of highly developed economies. Methods of grammatical review and interpretation of legal norms have contributed to identifying gaps and other shortcomings in legislation that regulates the provision of public services in the economy, developing proposals for its improvement. Practical implications. The introduction of effective, timely, and consecutive steps to ensure the provision of quality public services in the economy, based on the unification of the standards of developed countries in the world, which will mean the implementation of an important step towards the global economic crisis recovery. Moreover, an example of the development of public service functions in European countries will demonstrate real achievements of an important task of reformation in countries with less developed democracy and insufficiently high investment climate index.

Характеристика загальних і спеціальних функцій публічної служби в органах судової влади

Характеристика загальних і спеціальних функцій публічної служби в органах судової влади

Linking government social media usage to public perceptions of government performance: an empirical study from China

Based on an online survey of 1042 Beijing residents, this study links the usage of government social media tools, including WeChat, microblogs, and apps, to public perceptions of the government’s performance. The results indicated that young people are more likely to use government microblogs. In contrast, an inverted U-shaped relationship was found between age and the utilization of government WeChat and apps. The findings also showed that people with high education, high economic status, and a local hukou were more likely to use all three government social media tools. In controlling for the demographic variables, the results showed that the most important predictor of the use of a government social media tool was the use of any other government social media tool. The general use of social media significantly influenced the use of government social media tools, whereas the direction of this influence depended on the homogeneity or heterogeneity of these behaviors. Moreover, the results revealed a linkage between government social media use and public perceptions of government performance. Functional use, especially information acquisition and participation, was a significant predictor of perceived government transparency, responsiveness, and citizen satisfaction, while the public service function significantly increased perceived government responsiveness.

Інформаційно-роз’яснювальна діяльність як форма реалізації публічно-сервісної функції поліції

Інформаційно-роз’яснювальна діяльність як форма реалізації публічно-сервісної функції поліції

Multifunctionality assessment of the land use system in rural residential areas: Confronting land use supply with rural sustainability demand

By applying an integrated framework, we developed a new way to quantify the multifunctionality of rural residential land: analyzing the reciprocal relationships between the structure and function of land use, as well as identifying the demand of rural sustainability for residential land functions. In the assessment of the rural residential land functions from the supply and demand perspectives by establishing an indicators system, the results show that there are five substantial functions of rural residential land, i.e., residential, public service, industrial, commercial and ecological function, and a potential function. Unbalanced development patterns between function supply and demand are clearly observed at multilevel: at the regional level, demand exceeding supply refers to the public service, commercial, and ecological function, especially for ecological function; at the town level, the spatial pattern of the difference is closely linked with topographic features; the inferior and complex topographic condition always is associated with inadequate function supply. Strategies based on the arrangements of rural residential land use structure, including function conversion and function enhancement, have been adopted to balance the supply and demand of land functions. Together, alternative strategies (e.g., industrial allocation, population introduction, and location choices) also need to be recognized by policymakers to achieve rural sustainable development.

Placing Constructive Journalism in Context

This article describes how the social context of professional journalism has changed in the twenty-first century and why this has strengthened the need to redefine the function of journalism in this new era. Pivotal questions for journalism are: How to stay relevant for the public? How to redefine the public service function? How to deal with the increased competition? How to deal with a negative focus in the news that might offer people disillusion instead of hopeful perspectives? These questions are addressed within technological, social-cultural and economic developments that have a huge impact on the information supply. In this context, constructive journalism emerge. As a movement, it is indebted to civic journalism but takes it to the next level. Constructive journalism reconsiders the goals and values of professional journalism and cherishes a form of journalism that is public-oriented, solution-oriented, future-oriented and action-oriented, trying to avoid a bias towards negativity in the news. The break-through of the twenty-first century network model implies that journalism needs to move into a new direction, fostering cooperation, transparency and constructiveness.

Służba publiczna wobec umiędzynarodowienia administracji (na przykładzie administracji antymonopolowej)

The article aims at presenting the connection between growing international cooperation of public administration in relation to organization and functioning of public service. The presentation is made with the example of the antimonopoly administration. It begins with a short description of the legal basis of international cooperation of the Polish competition authority. It is followed with a short overview of different modes of this cooperation on global, European and bilateral levels. Despite extensive international cooperation of the Polish competition authority, its internal organization is rather inefficient and fails to deliver relevant input from the international cooperation into internal works of the authority. Similarly, civil servants of the competition authority are not offered to rise their skills in relation to foreign cooperation as well as there are no transfers between jurisdictional departments and the department for the international cooperation which keeps those departments separated.

COOPERATION OF INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS ON PUBLIC POLICY FORMATION FOR THE PREVENTION OF MONEY-LAUNDERING

This article is devoted to the research of theoretical and practical issues of international institutions concerning the cooperation on the formation of anti-money laundering state regulation. The article provides an analysis of the main activity fields of intergovernmental institutions in the prevention of laundering “dirty” money. It is shown that the goal of consolidating the efforts of international structures is to integrate standards and recommendations into the mechanisms of public administration in order to ensure financial stability and integrity of state development as well as better financial supervision and control by the state.
 It is noted that the problem of money laundering can not be solved only by creating new organizational forms of state control, extraordinary and punitive measures. It requires understanding of this phenomenon as having an economic, political, ethical, managerial and legal background. The process of state regulation of money laundering should apply to all employees of state authorities, administration, justice, (stipulated by the legislation of a number of countries) and public entities with public service functions, and not just so-called officials. Important regulations for the forms and procedures for monitoring civil servants, the availability and effectiveness of the code of ethics and behavior.
 It is substantiated that the effectiveness of implementing measures to prevent corruption can not be achieved through single and non-systemic actions at different levels, but requires long-term socio-economic, political and legal transformations. This activity should be based on a combination of a number of preventive and repressive measures.
 Thus, the fight against money laundering and terrorist financing is now considered as a priority direction in counteracting organized crime in most countries of the world and in the world community as a whole.

COOPERATION OF INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS ON PUBLIC POLICY FORMATION FOR THE PREVENTION OF MONEY-LAUNDERING


 
 
 This article is devoted to the research of theoretical and practical issues of international institutions concerning the cooperation on the formation of anti-money laundering state regulation. The article provides an analysis of the main activity fields of intergovernmental institutions in the prevention of launder- ing “dirty” money. It is shown that the goal of consolidating the efforts of interna- tional structures is to integrate standards and recommendations into the mecha- nisms of public administration in order to ensure financial stability and integrity of state development as well as better financial supervision and control by the state.It is noted that the problem of money laundering can not be solved only by creating new organizational forms of state control, extraordinary and punitive measures. It requires understanding of this phenomenon as having an economic, political, ethical, managerial and legal background. The process of state regulation of money laundering should apply to all employees of state authorities, adminis- tration, justice, (stipulated by the legislation of a number of countries) and public entities with public service functions, and not just so-called officials. Important regulations for the forms and procedures for monitoring civil servants, the avai- lability and effectiveness of the code of ethics and behavior. It is substantiated that the effectiveness of implementing measures to prevent corruption can not be achieved through single and non-systemic actions at diffe- rent levels, but requires long-term socio-economic, political and legal transforma- tions. This activity should be based on a combination of a number of preventive and repressive measures.Thus, the fight against money laundering and terrorist financing is now consi- dered as a priority direction in counteracting organized crime in most countries of the world and in the world community as a whole.
 
 

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЗВ’ЯЗКІВ З ГРОМАДСЬКІСТЮ В ОРГАНАХ МІСЦЕВОГО САМОВРЯДУВАННЯ

The article considers the features of public relations in local self-government bodies. It is proved that the level of social management directly depends on the specifics of the functioning of public relations services at the local level. The main PR goals for local self-government bodies are defined. A number of trends in the development of public relations of local self-government are clarified: the first trend is their institutionalization, including regulatory and organizational design. The second trend is the expansion of the information and communication resource based on modern technical means and social technologies. The third trend can be considered the formation of information and analytical support for public relations, which is the basis for information and analytical activities of local self – government bodies. It is proved that an absolute transition to symmetrical two-way communications between local authorities and the population is quite possible to achieve if a number of conditions are met: the development of local self-government as a subject of political activity, the decentralization of state power, the participation of citizens in the preparation, adoption, implementation of managerial decisions, the presence of political will among local authorities on the issue of activating the participation of citizens in local self-government. It is proposed to develop a program for the development of public relations of local self-government bodies. It would be advisable to implement such a project in large territorial communities for a period of 3-5 years. This should be a kind of strategy for the development of public relations of the local government, which defines the priorities, goals and main tasks of long-term communication, stages, target groups and work plan with each of them, financing, organizational forms of work, communication directions, functional responsibilities and personnel of public relations services of the local government.

¿Los de arriba y los de abajo?: Análisis comparativo de las políticas urbanas en los distritos de El Agustino y San Isidro en Lima, Perú

The public space has recently become the protagonist of urban transformations, especially because it expresses the complexities of globalization. Therefore, urban agglomerates are currently contesting leadership spaces of different natures (financial, cultural, etc.). This situation turns cities and their governments into fertile ground to promote changes and also into scenarios in which all social contradictions are expressed. The present article analyzes the urban policies deployed by two districts of Metropolitan Lima: El Agustino and San Isidro. The districts to be studied were chosen by virtue of their different income levels: while San Isidro is one of the districts of Lima with the highest income, El Agustino is considered as a low-income district. Our analysis model offers criteria to examine in a comparative way the phenomenon of urban governance in two generally different districts. With the evidence, we conclude that despite the significant differences in the type of implemented policies, both districts need to improve the degraded spaces in order to allow the universal accessibility and the redistribution of opportunities among the population. These challenges pose the need to define a new urban agenda where a feminist and universal design approach is present for the implementation of policies that allow the proper functioning of public services. In order to achieve our objective, a qualitative methodology was applied; it required the review of management documents, web pages and, at the same time, observations of the urban space, as well as a set of semi-structured interviews to authorities and former municipal authorities.

A Study on the Public Cultural Services in China from a Perspective of Demand Logic: A Theoretical Viewpoint Based on Consumer Equilibrium and Cobweb Models

The public cultural services as an economic form of strong externality have gradually become apparent in the development of modern economy. However, because the public cultural services in our country nowadays are mainly provided by the governments, the imbalance between supply and demand occurs easily. The main reason for this is that, owing to government-oriented public cultural services, the entire supply process naturally involves problems like administrative performance and department benefits, thus, some misunderstanding of public cultural services exists in the supply process, especially misconceptions about services”. The supply process of public cultural services under the logic of government administrative affairs is the process that higher level governments assign tasks to lower level governments and then pass on to the grass-roots governments, which provides for the people as the final executers of the tasks. In this top-down logic of government administrative affairs, evaluation criteria for the performance of public cultural services by the grass-roots governments, without doubt, comes not from the public, but from the higher level government officials. Therefore, for the grass-roots governments, the entire supply process of public cultural services is merely a superior-subordinate administrative task, disengaging from the logic and actual function of public services. The so-called public cultural services have become llogic of administration” rather than logic of services”. Also, in terms of the results we have so far, most relevant researches focus on the supply side, seriously lacking analysis of the demand side. The key to the problems of public cultural services lies not only in the supply side, but also should be considered from the demand side, so as to improve the way of supply, enhance supply mechanism, adjust the supply mode, and finally reach the balance between supply and demand. This paper focuses on the demand side, which, to some degree, offsets the defects and insufficiency of such academic research in this area. Innovative ideas include: first, the supply efficiency of public cultural services is decided mutually by the levels of efficiency and income of demand. The most efficient public services combination point is the cut-off point of the budget line and the indifference curve. So, the understanding of the consumption capability of public cultural services and the consumption preference in different areas is the key point of enhancing supply efficiency. Second, the key to the long term equilibrium development of public cultural services in our country lies in the balance of long-term flexibility between supply and demand. Due to the uniqueness of the product supply of public cultural services, cultural products are usually produced for the need of cultural inheritance and have low variability. If the way of supply concerning governmental top-down task logic is only adopted, it would result in small flexibility in the supply of public cultural services products, because the governments cannot obtain sufficient information and sensibility towards the market as enterprises do. Because of this, the key point to a balanced supply and demand in public cultural services is to enhance supply flexibility, and the only way to do so is by introducing it to the market. Only the market has the natural flexibility towards prices, quantity, and kinds of products. Also, only by introducing market mechanism a balance can be reached from the demand side, or the perspective of the consumers.

PRESIDENT PERMISSION TO THE INVESTIGATION OF STATE OFFICERS ON MALADMINISTRATION ACTION

The purpose of writing this journal is to find out that permits is a juridical instrument used by the government to influence the people to want to follow the recommended way to achieve a concrete goal. Permission serves as the spearhead of the legal instrument as advisors, engineers and designers. Permits can be used as a control instrument and an instrument to realize good governance, structuring and regulation of these permits are supposed to be done as the realization of governernment function related to the inspection of state official by law enforcement official. The research methods utilized is a normative method which involved the method of regulatory analysis and conceptual analysis. This research confirms that presidential permit for the examination and summon of public official are indeed needed and necessary, which can be formulated through special law and regulations on the procedures of examination permit, which are to be synchronized with other related laws and regulations. President Permission, when viewed from the standpoint of administrative law has meaning as preventive instrument used for protect President that the governance and functioning of public service at the central and local government. This research recommends for a formation of special court which can take place through a forum privilegiatum, under the Supreme Court to allow for recognition of the state official´ positions, statuse,s and dignities.