Public-private Sector Partnerships Research Articles

An Investigation on The Extent of Usage and Challenges Faced by Tourism SMEs Concerning E-Marketing: Empowering Co-creation of Value

Due to advancements in technology and digital connectivity, travel patterns have changed. Technological developments have increased the amount of information and inspiration available to consumers, and big data analytics allows for the creation of innovative insights. When it comes to implementing cutting-edge technologies, small businesses typically lag behind larger ones. In light of the above, this study aims to examine the extent of usage and challenges SMEs face concerning e-marketing. SMEs in the tourism sector have demonstrated that they are drivers of economic growth through the development of entrepreneurial skills and job creation. In this study, data was qualitatively collected from 14 SME service providers, through a purposive sampling method. The findings revealed that SMEs struggle with the adoption of e-marketing. Moreover, the findings revealed that SMEs are also faced with the challenge of easy access to funding, this was found to affect their flexibility towards digital transformation. Lastly, this study found that SMEs are faced with the challenge of lack of expertise to implement digital transformations. This study concludes that, although in South Africa government funding provided to SMEs through grants plays a critical role, it is still not enough. The government can further their SME development initiatives through public sector and private sector partnerships. By increasing SMEs access to funding, joint SME development programs offer a substantial chance to promote entrepreneurship in South Africa.

Gender and social inclusion: impact of mobile payment system on micro-entrepreneurs' perceived success and subjective well-being

PurposeThe study examines how adopting e-paisa technology (a mobile payment system) enhances micro-entrepreneurs' perceived success and subjective well-being during the COVID-19 global pandemic. The study also theorizes the moderating effects of gender through a moderated-mediation model.Design/methodology/approachThe data are collected from 282 micro-entrepreneurs in Pakistan using a two-week time-lagged approach to test the hypothesized framework. The analysis was conducted using the PROCESS macro moderated-mediation method.FindingsThe results affirm that adopting e-paisa technology positively relates to perceived entrepreneurial success, ultimately increasing the entrepreneur's subjective well-being. Furthermore, in hypothesized moderated-mediation paths, the moderation effect of gender was stronger for women than men.Practical implicationsFrom the perspective of diversity, equality and inclusion, adopting a digital mobile payment system can be regarded as a catalyst for the inclusion of women entrepreneurs in marginalized communities, enabling them to continue their micro-businesses in times of global crises. Further, it is also suggested that public–private sector partnerships are essential for promoting a sustainable entrepreneurial ecosystem that subsequently leads to social and financial inclusion in marginalized communities.Originality/valueThe mediating role of perceived entrepreneurial success contributes to understanding the importance of psychological functioning among technology acceptance model (TAM) attributes and entrepreneurs' subjective well-being. In addition, theorizing gender differences in TAM and subjective well-being relationships revealed women's advantages, challenging the prevailing belief that women are less fortunate in entrepreneurial endeavors. This raises the need to reconsider and maybe change the perspective to consider women as a disadvantaged group in entrepreneurship.

Promoting Affordable Housing in Enhancing the Inclusiveness of Housing Policy

Affordable housing has been debated among scholars as the tool used by various governments to address the issue of escalating housing prices in the open market segment. A lot of schemes, programs, and initiatives have been introduced by the State Government of Sarawak to increase the supply of affordable housing to be accessed by the public. However, there is no sign that the increase in housing market prices slowing down, and a lot of people still do not have access to public housing schemes. This paper focuses on the discussion of this issue in Sarawak. Besides, it also aims to measure the effectiveness and inclusiveness of the housing policy to resolve the housing scenario faced by the public. A qualitative method was used to collect data. Among the issues discussed in this study are the impact of government intervention in the open market, public-private sector partnership, and commitment of the financial institution. This study should be beneficial for the state government to capture the real issue of affordable housing in the state and be able to develop a more holistic and realistic housing policy in the future.

Determinants of Waste Management Programmes on Sustainable Environmental Conservation in Mukuru Slums in Kenya

Surging amounts of waste are reported globally and especially in lower-income countries, with negative consequences for health and the environment. Increasing concern has been raised for the limited progress achieved in practice by diverse sets of policies and programmes. Waste management is a wicked problem characterized by multilayered interdependencies, complex social dynamics and webs of stakeholders. Interactions among these generate unpredictable outcomes that can be missed by decision makers through their understanding and framing of their context. This study therefore aimed at unlocking the intrigues behind unending waste management concerns that have continued to bedevil Mukuru slums despite the interventions in place and to develop sustainable mechanisms to address the challenges. The study was descriptive in nature and tried to understand determinants of waste management towards attaining a sustainable environmental conservation. The study targeted key informants drawn from the Nairobi county department of environment, water and sanitation, civil society groups, NEMA and local provincial administration and community members in Mukuru slum. Stratified sampling technique was used to select the sample population for the study. Since the study used primary data, a well set of questionnaire was used to collect the data from the respondents. The collected data was subjected to scrutiny through screening to ensure completeness and eliminate all the errors, before final analysis, aided by statistical packages for social sciences (SPSS) software. Regression analysis was also performed to determine the relationship between the poverty, management capabilities, financial resources and regulatory policies on sustainable environmental conservation. Data presentation was achieved through tables, graphs and charts. Findings revealed that poverty level, financial resources, management capabilities, and regulatory policies have great influence on sustainable environmental conservation in Mukuru slums. Therefore, the study recommended for integrated waste management approach that is community centered to bring every community member on board and other key stakeholders. On financial resources, the study recommended for robust public-private sector partnership to build up financial capital necessary for management of waste menace and conserve the environment and allocation of more resources. There is a need for more trainings, and awareness creation and formulation of elaborate policies to create autonomy for NEMA to enable the organization implement and enforce its regulations effectively. The study outlined that further studies can be done on the impact of socio-demographic factors, household perceptions and attitudes on waste management and socio-economic factors on sustainable environmental conservation.

Bottlenecks in Nigeria's fresh food supply chain: What is the way forward?

BackgroundNigeria is one of the leading producers of fresh produce, most of which is grown by smallholder farmers. Over 40% of this fresh produce is lost after harvest, resulting in more than 30% loss in smallholders’ income. Scope and approachWe identify the major bottlenecks in Nigeria's fresh food supply chain responsible for the high food losses. We propose possible solutions to mitigate them. Key findings and conclusionsA key bottleneck is that most fresh food produced in the northern region is largely consumed in the south, with the produce traveling long distances through a poor road network. The lack of a continuous cold chain is another key causative factor for food loss. Less than 10% of the fresh food produced passes through a cold chain despite the long distances it needs to travel. There is also limited access to supply chain data and expert market intelligence to assist stakeholders in the decision-making process and process optimizations. To mitigate food losses, smallholder farmers and retailers need better access to clean cooling solutions at affordable prices. This will help them extend produce shelf life and sell produce at attractive market prices by being able to cool their produce. Simple and small-scale passive cooling solutions may also help preserve food for these stakeholders, but are currently rarely used. Furthermore, the available open data needs to be made easily accessible to stakeholders along the fresh supply chain so they can make informed decisions on how best to reduce food losses and maximize profit. Smallholder farmers would also significantly benefit from easier access to expert intelligence on postharvest storage and market information. Providing such expertise via mobile apps can be a powerful tool for remote farmers in a country like Nigeria. Otherwise, it could be difficult to reach them. Nigerian governmental agencies can create the largest gains in the cold chain by implementing policies that support stakeholders financially and improve public-private sector partnerships for rural development.

Addressing health disparities of individuals experiencing homelessness in the U.S. with community institutional partnerships: An integrative review.

To examine existing community-institutional partnerships providing health care services to people experiencing homelessness by addressing social determinants of health (SDOH) at multiple socioecological levels. Integrative review. PubMed (Public/Publisher MEDLINE), CINAHL (The Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature database), and EMBASE (Excerpta Medica database) were searched to identify articles on health care services, partnerships, and transitional housing. Database search used the following keywords: Public-private sector partnerships, community-institutional relation, community-academic, academic community, community university, university community, housing, emergency shelter, homeless persons, shelter, and transitional housing. Articles published until November 2021 were eligible for inclusion. The Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice Quality Guide was used to appraise the quality of articles included in the review by two researchers. Seventeen total articles were included in the review. The types of partnerships discussed in the articles included academic-community partnerships (n= 12) and hospital-community partnerships (n= 5). Health services were also provided by different kinds of health care providers, including nursing and medical students, nurses, physicians, social workers, psychiatrists, nutritionists, and pharmacists. Health care services spanning from preventative care services to acute and specialized care services and health education were also made possible through community-institutional partnerships. There is a need for more studies on partnerships that aim to improve the health of homeless populations by addressing social determinants of health at multiple socioecological levels of individuals who experience homelessness. Existing studies do not utilize elaborate evaluation methods to determine partnership efficacy. Findings from this review highlight gaps in the current understanding of partnerships that seek to increase access to care services for people who experience homelessness. The results of the systematic review were solely from the articles reviewed and do not include information from patients, service users, caregivers, or members of the public.

Challenges of the public-private sector partnership in higher education (KFU cases): SEModelling approach

This paper aims to assess the current and prospective applications of the university and private sector partnerships in higher education in Saudi Arabia. This paper highlights the difficulties and challenges facing Saudi universities to establish sustainable partnerships with the private sector as well as the public sector. It also explores many aspects of the partnerships in an approach to boost and enhance the role of universities within the community, with a special reference to a well-known Saudi university; i.e., King Faisal University. The study highlights how the implementation of community partnerships is affected by historical, cultural, and social obstacles and a misunderstanding of the importance of one party to the other. Data was collected through an online structured questionnaire. 100 academic leaders at King Faisal University participated in this survey. We use Structural Equation Modelling Approach to analyse the data. The results of this study found a statistically significant relationship between the current practices of community partnership and the challenges facing these practices. In addition, the study finds a statistically significant relationship between the mechanisms for developing community partnerships and the current practices of the partnership.

Public-Private Sector Partnership and Administration of Secondary Schools in Rivers State, Nigeria

This paper examined public-private sector partnership and administration of secondary schools in rivers state, Nigeria. A correlational research design was adopted for the study. The population for this study consisted of all the academic staff in 289 public senior secondary and some elite residents working in some private sectors in Rivers State. Specifically, 289 principals, 7,142 teachers, and 2,000 elite residents, totaling 9,431. These critical public-private sector stakeholders in school served as the population for the study. The sample size of 400 respondents were drawn for the study using Taro Yemane formula. A stratified sampling technique was adopted to select the sample size in the 3 Senatorial District in Rivers State. The research instruments for this study were questionnaire titled: Public-Private Sector Partnership Scale (PPSPS) and Administration of Secondary Schools Scale (ASSS). The instruments items were designed and validated by the researcher. Cronbach Alpha reliability statistics was used to calculate the reliability coefficients of the two instruments. The reliability coefficients of Public-Private Sector Partnership Scale and Administration of Secondary Schools Scale are 0.87 and 0.84 respectively. The findings revealed that there is a significant relationship between public-private sector partnership in the provision of library facilities, laboratory equipment, financial assistance and administration of secondary schools in Rivers State, Nigeria. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that government should create an enabling environment for the smooth running of businesses for private sectors to produce optimally so as to facilitate the provision of library facilities to schools.

Economic costs of childhood stunting to the private sector in low- and middle-income countries.

SummaryBackgroundStunting during childhood has long-term consequences on human capital, including decreased physical growth, and lower educational attainment, cognition, workforce productivity and wages. Previous research has quantified the costs of stunting to national economies however beyond a few single-country datasets there has been a limited number of which have used diverse datasets and have had a dedicated focus on the private sector, which employs nearly 90% of the workforce in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We aimed to examine (i) the impact of childhood stunting on income loss of private sector workforce in LMICs; (ii) to quantify losses in sales to private firms in LMICs due to childhood stunting; and (iii) to estimate potential gains (benefit-cost ratios) if stunting levels are reduced in select high prevalence countries.MethodsThis multiple-methods study engaged multi-disciplinary technical advisers, executed several literature reviews, used innovative statistical methods, and implemented health and labor economic models. We analyzed data from seven longitudinal datasets (up to 30+ years of follow-up; 1982–2016; Peru, Ethiopia, India, Vietnam, Philippines, Tanzania, Brazil), 108 private firm datasets (spanning 2008–2020), and many global datasets including Joint Malnutrition Estimates, and World Development Indicators to produce estimates for 120+ LMICs (with estimates up to 2021). We studied the impact of childhood stunting on adult cognition, education, and height as pathways to wages/productivity in adulthood. We employed cloud-based artificial intelligence (AI) platforms, and conducted comparative analyses using three analytic approaches: traditional frequentist statistics, Bayesian inferential statistics and machine learning. We employed labour and health economic models to estimate wage losses to the private sector worker and firm revenue losses due to stunting. We also estimated benefit-cost ratios for countries investing in nutrition-specific interventions to prevent stunting.FindingsAcross 95 LMICs, childhood stunting costs the private sector at least US$135.4 billion in sales annually. Firms from countries in Latin America and the Caribbean and East Asia and Pacific regions had the greatest losses. Totals sales losses to the private sector accumulated to 0.01% to 1.2% of national GDP across countries. Sectors most affected by childhood stunting were manufacturing (non-metallic mineral, fabricated metal, other), garments and food sectors. Sale losses were highest for larger sized private firms. Across regions (representing 123 LMICs), US$700 million (Middle East and North Africa) to US$16.5 billion (East Asia and Pacific) monthly income was lost among private sector workers. Investing in stunting reduction interventions yields gains from US$2 to US$81 per $1 invested annually (or 100% to 8000% across countries). Across sectors, the highest returns were in elementary occupations (US$46) and the lowest were among agricultural workers (US$8). By gender, women incurred a higher income penalty from childhood stunting and earned less than men; due to their relatively higher earnings, the returns for investing in stunting reduction were consistently higher for men across most countries studied.InterpretationChildhood stunting costs the private sector in LMICs billions of dollars in sales and earnings for the workforce annually. Returns to nutrition interventions show that there is an economic case to be made for investing in childhood nutrition, alongside a moral one for both the public and private sector. This research could be used to motivate strong public-private sector partnerships to invest in childhood undernutrition for benefits in the short and long-term.

High Risk Behavior, Knowledge and Attitudes of Adolescent Health: A Study from Rajshahi City Corporation Area of Bangladesh.

Background: Adolescence is one of the most dynamic stages of human growth and development. It is an important issue in Bangladesh as well as in the world. Reproductive health of adolescents is strongly affected by sociodemographic factors. The purpose of this study was to establish the factors that influence on high-risk behavior, knowledge and attitudes of adolescent, which were regarded as determinants. Data and Methods: Socio-demographic, health related behavior was collected from 1084 adolescence girls in Rajshahi City Corporation (RCC) area, Bangladesh. Bivariate analysis has been used to show the association between the reproductive health knowledge with some socio-demographic and health related characteristics. In multivariate analysis, binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine the effects of the various factors to reproductive health knowledge among female adolescent. Findings: Education is an important determinant of adolescent health. Most the respondent is secondary level of education, which was 64.2%. The study result shows that 37.6% adolescent girl has knowledge about adolescent health care. It also shown that very few numbers of adolescent have idea about abortion, reproductive health knowledge about pregnancy avoids method and family planning method but maximum respondent heard about idea about sex, marriage and knowledge about HIV/AIDS. Logistic regression analysis findings specify that respondent in the age group 15-19 years is more expected to in turn ever having accomplished knowledge about adolescent health. Sexual violence is directly related to the duration of marriage. Married respondents have 0.221 (27.9%) times lower experienced to knowledge about adolescent health than that of the unmarried respondents. Conclusion: This study needs to strengthen public-private sector partnership and stakeholder participation, active involvement of adolescents in their reproductive health matters. Respondent educational qualification has positively significant effect on knowledge about adolescent reproductive health. Age of respondents, Idea about pregnancy, Idea about abortion, Physical problem during menstruation, knowledge about pregnancy has also significant effect on knowledge about adolescent reproductive health. The most effective interventions are probably structural changes to improve people daily life with families and peers and access to improve education.

The financial burden of African Horse Sickness: a case of the European Union trade ban on South Africa’s horse industry

ABSTRACT Globalisation and the increased movement of goods such as live animals and animal products across national borders can exacerbate the introduction and spread of diseases. This risk can be mitigated through adherence to trade control measures such as the Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) of the World Trade Organization (WTO). However, compliance with SPS measures usually results in additional production and trade costs. This paper applied cost–benefit analysis, using stochastic scenario analysis, to estimate the financial burden of SPS measures on exporting horses from South Africa to the European Union (EU). These measures were instituted following a ban on the direct export of horses from South Africa to the EU, triggered by outbreaks of African Horse Sickness (AHS) in the AHS Controlled Area in the Western Cape Province. Analysis revealed that compliance to existing SPS measures by exporting a horse via a third country is 1.67 times more costly than exporting directly to the EU. A strengthened public-private sector partnership is recommended to jointly identify the most efficient and effective ways to develop capacity for collaborative judicious investment in order to build a resilient horse industry thereby enabling employment creation and economic growth.

Investigating the most Important Advantages, Disadvantages and Obstacles of Public-Private Sector Partnership in Providing Primary Health Care Services from the Viewpoint of Health Managers

Investigating the most Important Advantages, Disadvantages and Obstacles of Public-Private Sector Partnership in Providing Primary Health Care Services from the Viewpoint of Health Managers

Hybrid rice development in Indonesia: constraints and opportunities

This paper reviews the constraints and opportunities of hybrid rice development in Indonesia. Indonesia has released more than a hundred hybrid rice varieties; Indonesian Center for Rice Research (ICRR) developed 21 varieties. Extensive trials were conducted on the various aspects of seed production by government sectors and private companies. Significant progress has been made in hybrid rice seed production, with seed yield increasing from 1 t/ha to 3 t/ha. Various problems should be considered to develop a good seed production system. The constraints are the low outcrossing rate, shortage of suitable land, high cost and labor, lack of trained personnel, climatic fluctuations in rainfall and temperature, and limited hybrid rice seed grower. Private sectors investment in hybrid rice has been increased. Positive support from government and private companies will boost hybrid rice’s adoption rapidity. Collaboration of hybrid rice dissemination across institutions was a meaningful way to encourage hybrid rice adoption. Optimizing seed production technologies could significantly increase the present level of hybrid seed yield. The opportunities are an increase of rice demand, various materials genetic, distribution of rice ecosystem, and public-private sector partnership that developed on hybrid seed production to accelerate the adoption of hybrid rice. It supports not only the research and development but also the dissemination and adoption.

Risk factors and mitigation measures in public-private water sector partnerships: lessons from the Asutifi North District, Ghana

Abstract Public-private partnerships (PPPs) are promoted as a practical option for developing countries to meet their water sector infrastructure gaps. Despite their appeal, PPP projects have been described as complex and challenging, and the water sector PPPs are particularly associated with high failure rates. Risk analysis and evaluations have been identified as critical to the success of PPPs. In this paper, we examine an on-going PPP arrangement for piped water supply in the Asutifi North District of Ghana under a Build, Operate, and Transfer arrangement. Safe Water Network will provide the supply systems and transfer ownership to the District Authority at the end of the contract. We reviewed key project documents to ascertain the measures that would minimize the likelihood of risk occurring during the project cycle. Of 11 risk factors, 7 were anticipated in the project documents. We recommend that project documents be reviewed and amended to address the unanticipated risks.

Public-Private Partnerships Development Finance Model in Zimbabwe Infrastructure Projects

The economic meltdown and infrastructure decay in Zimbabwe over the past two decades has been strongly attributed to the absence of public-private sector partnerships amid political decay. The rapid intervention by government in the last two years to undertake PPPs has been more pronounced in road network re-construction although not so many projects have been done to date. The financing model of these PPPs has taken centre stage hence the main objective of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of the PPP development finance model on infrastructure projects in Zimbabwe. PPPs are an alternative source of funding on infrastructure projects and have proved to ease pressure on governments as far as funds for capital intensive projects are concerned. The paper recommends the adoption of different PPP models for each sector given the differential requirements in each sector. It was found that a blanket model for all sectors does not work properly as different sectors have their unique characteristics. In addition, the paper recommends a speedy finalisation of the already initiated policy and institutional framework process to govern PPPs, which would also include putting measures in place centred on risk analysis and management during the process, issues on financing and issues on the mobilisation and incentivising of the private sector to participate in the process.

Innovation Strategy of Small Medium Enterprise (SME) Through Public-Private Partnership in Depok City

The rapid growth of SMEs in Depok City is not accompanied by the increase in the capacity of the SMEs itself, especially in terms of innovation. The limited resources that SMEs have, can be supported by the existence of public-private sector partnerships. This research is a qualitative research with data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and literature study. The results show that public-private sector partnerships in Depok City have not been successful in increasing the capacity of SMEs to innovate. This is because the partnership is limited to providing infrastructure and focuses on increasing temporary income. Therefore, the public-private sector partnership should focus on more technical assistance in increasing added value to ensure business continuity for a longer period.

Money Eating: The War Beyond Private Sector Initiative

The main purpose of this study is to know the best practices and challenges of private sector in fighting money eating. The study employed the qualitative research method using the documentary analysis and made use of Qualitative Analysis in determining the best practices and challenges of the private sector. Based on the findings, the best practices of private sector are in two themes: Public-Private Sector Partnership and Private Sector Self-Regulation; the challenges of private sector are in two themes: Lack of Cooperation and Conflict of Interest. This implies that the private sector plays an important role in fighting money eating and the challenges of private sector is multifarious.Money eating is not just a public sector matter. As a common basis of money eating for public officials, the private sector portions account ability for money eating. Eradicating money eating by mounting a multi-pronged scheme incorporating liberalization, deregulation, civil service improvement, and institutionalization of a participating line to shared service delivery and its monitoring. Comprising the private sector will not only countenance the progress of supplementary refined and sensitive policy responses to money eating but will also put pressure on the private sector to elevation its own standards of deeds.

Novel Coronavirus Disease: A delicate balancing act between health and the economy.

The emergence of the deadly novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) has resuscitated global attention on the state of health governance and well-being of citizens. Worldwide, countries are in dire dilemma of safeguarding the health of their citizens and equally salvaging economy, arising from the social distancing and lockdown strategies, which affects negatively the economic activities. This paper examines the intricate balance between health and the economy in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic and the policy options needed to assist countries to implement strategies to protect the health of their citizens and promote economic recovery in this unprecedented global crisis situation. There is need for a coordinated public-private sector partnership in the recovery plan of each country, taking into account their contextual and country specific health system and economy, but not discarding the universal application thereof. Global, regional, national geo-political and public health collaboration is needed to save the world from COVID-19 catastrophic consequences.

Exploring dynamic capabilities in open business models: The case of a public–private sector partnership

The case explores and offers insight into the boundary-spanning dynamic capabilities evidenced by the entrepreneurial CEO of a private-sector family-owned firm from the sensing, seizing and transforming/reconfiguring perspectives during the opportunity identification, evaluation and pursuit of the co-creation of a public–private sector partnership in collaboration with the CEO of a public-sector firm. This partnership, which is situated in a city-region in the North of England, is seen through the lens of an open business model whereby value is co-created and captured outside the boundary of a single firm, and which involves significant financial uncertainty being assigned from the public to the private sector.

IFC Environmental & Social Performance Standards: Soft Law Project & Company Financing Partnerships towards Good Environmental Governance, Business Sustainability and Sustainable Development in Developing Countries

This study is an outcome of a previous work by the author captioned ‘Sustainable Development: A Soft Law Concept Transforming SD-Oriented Initiatives of the UN System into Hard Law Instruments in UN Member-states and Promoting Partnerships around the Globe’. The previous work establishes that there are numerous examples of SD-oriented partnership mechanisms associated with business sustainability, environmental protection, good public sector governance (good governance: GG) and sustainable development (SD), of which the Sustainability Framework of the International Finance Corporation (IFC) is one. The aim of this study is to examine how the IFC’s environmental and social (E&S) performance standards, as key aspects of the corporation’s sustainability framework, are being implemented as soft law mechanisms in developing countries (also called developing markets) and emerging economies (also known as emerging markets), where the IFC is engaged in financing, managing developmental projects and corporate financing in various ways. The sustainability framework and its component E&S standards are international benchmarked standards that have the potential to boost business sustainability and overall SD in developing markets and economies in transition. The study arrives at the finding that the IFC’s sustainability framework and the E&S standards ingrained in it are engineering the E&S performances of IFC clients engaged in IFC project and corporate financing schemes in developing countries and emerging economies, as well as contributing to business sustainability. These standards are also boosting environmental protection, good environmental governance, corporate social responsibility, social responsibility of host governments and generating SD-oriented partnerships, such as Private Sector Partnerships and Public-Private Sector Partnerships, which contribute to betterment of the welfare of citizens, generic human wellbeing and environmentally-sound and socio-economically equitable growth, prosperity and SD in developing countries. This is particularly so in developing countries where domestic environmental laws, corporate responsibility systems and government social responsibility fall short of the stipulations of the IFC’s sustainability framework and its component E&S performance standards. Keywords: International Finance Corporation (IFC); Sustainability Framework; Project Financing; Corporate Financing; Developing Countries; Emerging Markets; Environmental and Social Performance (E&S) Standards; Sustainability Framework; Soft Law; Business Sustainability; Sustainable Development; Good Environmental Governance (GEG); Government Social Responsibility (GSR); Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR); SD-oriented Partnerships; Private Sector Partnerships; Public-Private Sector Partnerships (PPSPs); Impact-benefits; Human Wellbeing. DOI: 10.7176/IAGS/81-07 Publication date: April 30 th 2020