Public Management Research Articles

Smart waterborne disease control for a scalable population using biodynamic model in IoT network

We propose a biodynamic model for managing waterborne diseases over an Internet of Things (IoT) network, leveraging the scalability of LoRa IoT technology to accommodate a growing human population. The model, based on fractional order derivatives (FOD), enables smart prediction and control of pathogens that cause waterborne diseases using IoT infrastructure. The human-pathogen-based biodynamic FOD model utilises epidemic parameters (SVIRT: susceptibility, vaccination, infection, recovery, and treatment) transmitted over the IoT network to predict pathogenic contamination in water reservoirs and dumpsites in Iji-Nike, Enugu, the study community in Nigeria. These pathogens contribute to person-to-person, water-to-person, and dumpsite-to-person transmission of disease vectors. Five control measures are proposed: potable water supply, treatment, vaccination, adequate sanitation, and health education campaigns. A stable disease-free equilibrium point is found when the effective reproduction number of the pathogens, R0eff<1 and unstable if R0eff>1. While other studies showed a 98.2% reduction in infections when using IoT alone, this paper demonstrates that combining the SVIRT epidemic control parameters (such as potable water supply and health education campaign) with IoT achieves a 99.89% reduction in infected human populations and a 99.56% reduction in pathogen populations in water reservoirs. Furthermore, integrating treatment with sanitation results in a 99.97% reduction in infected populations. Finally, combining these five control strategies nearly eliminates infection and pathogen populations, demonstrating the effectiveness of multifaceted approaches in public health and environmental management. This study provides a blueprint for governments to plan sustainable smart cities for a growing population, ensuring potable water free from pathogenic contamination,in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals #6 (Clean Water and Sanitation) and #11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities).

書院과 大學 草創期 藏書管理와 書籍 製作

In both Joseon Korea and the West, the development of scholarship and academic institutions followed quite different trajectories. The emergence of Joseon's academies(seowon) and Western universities occurred with an approximate time gap of about 300 years. Given the differences of the societal, cultural, political, and economic contexts of that time, it would be unreasonable to generalize the publication of books and management of libraries in these two regions' educational institutions. In Joseon Korea, the purpose of establishing seowons was to educate young scholars in reverence for sages, Confucian ethics such as filial piety and the loyalty to the rulers and propriety, and to uphold the tradition of scholarly pursuits. Although founded privately by civilians, seowons were to some extent under state control. In the process of their establishment, universities in different regions of Western Europe exhibited notable distinctions. Universities in southern Europe, particularly in Italy and southern France, tended to enroll older students compared to their northern counterparts. Bologna University served as a prominent example, focusing primarily on secular studies. As a result, Italian universities placed greater emphasis on fields like law and medicine rather than theology. Conversely, universities in northern Europe often looked to Paris University as a model. These institutions were predominantly controlled by the Church. Consequently, theological studies took precedence, and church-related institutions played a significant role in the administration and operation of these universities. Hence, in their early stages, universities were more under the control of ecclesiastical authorities than of secular governments. Looking through both the East and the West and examine the situation of early educational institutions' libraries, we must first consider the contemporaneous context, although there are several difficulties. As the era changes, not only do cultural and social environments differ, but also book publication and library management practices vary. Universities emerged in the West around 1250, while the first Confucian academies(seowon) in Korea were established around 1543 during the reign of King Jungjong. Therefore, it is impractical to compare them directly within the same timeframe. There are also significant differences in how books were acquired in these two regions. Considering these various factors, it is not ideal to uniformly compare library management practices. Therefore, without being bound by specific years, I have set the research focus of the Western universities from the establishment period up to around the time of the religious Reformation period in the mid-1550s, approximately 300 years after their initial establishment. In contrast, seowons in Joseon Korea I have set the research scope up to the mid-18th century, about 200 years after their founding. The differences stemming from the societal, political, economic, and cultural contexts of these two regions inevitably influenced their educational purposes. Therefore, the examination of the publication and management of books in these two representative educational institutions will be looked at in a superficial manner. In Joseon Korea, while there were variations in quality depending on purpose or use, the medium for recording was primarily paper. Therefore, at seowons, books were predominantly woodblock editions from the outset. There were roughly six methods used at seowons to increase their book collections: transferring books from kings or prominent scholars or founders, donations, exchanges, purchases, self-publishing. Regulations were established to manage the increased number of books effectively. Books at seowons were stored in bookshelves within library rooms. These books could not be taken outside of the seowon premises, and access to the library required three key holders to be present simultaneously to unlock it.

Sustainable planning geotechnologies for fish farming expansion in small municipalities: a case study of Pato Bragado/PR-Brazil

Using geotechnologies has become fundamental for planning the sustainable expansion of agricultural activities, especially fish farming. The objective of this work was to map and carry out the morphological characterization of the hydrographic micro-basins and their physical aspects, such as slope, altimetry, and land use and occupation, and also to quantify and locate the existing excavated ponds in the municipality of Pato Bragado, in Paraná State. Geotechnology tools and images generated by the free software QGIS and Google Earth were used to create maps of the excavated ponds' physical aspects, quantification, classification, and location. The predominant slope in the municipality is gently undulating, and soy plantation uses 42.99% of the municipality's entire area. The mapping located 190 excavated ponds. Depth measurement was not carried out, but rather mapping concerning water depths representing a total area of 47.86 ha of water blade and nine micro-basins within the municipality of Pato Bragado, with only the Arroio Fundo micro-basin covering 47.37% of all existing excavated ponds. The morphometric indicators concluded that the micro-basins present a minimum risk of flooding, which is ideal for use in fish farming. Making the results of this work available to public managers and fish farmers aims to demonstrate the importance of using geotechnologies for sustainable planning to expand aquaculture activities, which, in this case, are focused on fish farming.

Education Expenses and Their Relationships with the Accounting Indicators of Capixabas Municipalities

Currently, public managers have the challenge of combining intense demand for essential services for the population with limited financial resources. Due to this fact, they submit themselves to gradually seek more efficiency in decision making. The literature shows us that analysis via indicators extracted from accounting balance sheets is one of the vital mechanisms to contribute to this purpose. Thus, the research aimed to answer the following question: Are the accounting indicators, calculated through the balance sheets of the municipalities of Espírito Santo, related to the amount invested in education? Regarding the methodology, it is a bibliographic and quantitative research. To answer the research question, the following statistical methods were used: descriptive statistics, multiple linear regression and Pearson correlation. The results found indicate that some quotients used in the research, such as Budget Result Quotient (BRQ), Current Liquidity (CL) and Debt Composition (DC), showed a statistically significant relationship with the amount invested in education. Through the results, we note the importance of using accounting indicators to suggest ways that can help public managers in making a decision to invest more or not, that is, whether it is better to increase or reduce their assets and liabilities in order to increasingly improve the services provided to society, generating more efficiency and quality for its stakeholders.

Texas Public Pensions: A Common Pool Resource Perspective

Public employee pension management is the nexus of public and private financial management systems that are significant long-term components of public finance. The idea that these pension systems can look quite similar yet perform in quite different and conflicting ways is significant when designing policy; system design templates are not successful in complex systems. Even pension systems within the same city can have radically different states of actuarial health based upon small differences in the rules (or adherence to the rules) establishing them. To better understand such systems, viewing them from a common pool resource perspective is useful. Elinor Ostrom (1990) , in her seminal book Governing the Commons, provides eight principles that facilitate governing common pool resources. The general theme running through Ostrom's principles is the need to facilitate the building and channeling of social capital. By facilitating constructive collective choice, the goal of effective, sustainable collective action is achievable. In this study, we examine the political, cultural, and institutional structures that are in place in the pension systems of Dallas and Houston, Texas. We examine the pensions’ governance practices to determine which appear to violate Ostrom's ideal institutional arrangements and their impact on the pensions’ long-term sustainability. Pertinent survey information from pension beneficiaries conducted as part of this research are provided

Debt management strategies in the countries of Centraland Eastern Europe – an instrument of debt managementor just increasing transparency of public finances?

The paper investigates the contents of public debt management strategies in Central and Eastern European countries.The fundamental research problem of the research is to determine the role that formal debt managementstrategies play in contemporary public financial processes. Do they – as their name suggests – constitute a realtool for strategic debt management, i.e. strategies that set specific measurable objectives and actions that are tolead to the achievement of these objective over a certain period of time, or – contrary to their name – are theymerely an instrument for informing about the structure of the debt portfolio and seeking legitimacy for past decisionsregarding this structure addressed primarily to rating agencies and secondarily to investors and the public.

Evaluation of financial strategies for balancing the investment climate in Ukraine

Introduction. Evaluation of financial measures to stabilize the investment climate in Ukraine is an extremely important topic in the conditions of modern economic development of our country. Investments play an important role in strengthening our economy. However, in order to achieve stable economic growth, effective financial strategies are needed, which will contribute to the improvement of the investment climate and its balance. The purpose of this paper is to study financial strategies for balancing the investment climate in Ukraine. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were performed in the research process: the concepts of investment and investment climate were considered; the main financial strategies for balancing the investment climate in Ukraine were investigated. Results. It is noted that the country’s investment climate is a set of political-legal, financial-economic, social, institutional, infrastructural, innovative and other conditions affecting investment activity. Creating a favorable investment climate is a key factor for attracting investments and ensuring further economic growth of the country. It was also noted that investments are the main tool for forming both microeconomic and macroeconomic proportions that determine the rate of economic growth. Availability of a sufficient volume of investments in vital areas is a guarantee of effective development and increase of the country’s investment attractiveness. In order to improve the investment climate in Ukraine, it is necessary to implement balanced and transparent financial strategies that will contribute to the stability of the economic environment, reduce risks for investors and ensure the efficient use of resources. It is critical to improve the regulatory environment by reducing bureaucratic barriers and increasing the transparency of procedures. Ensuring reliable protection of investors’ rights and fighting corruption is the basis for creating a trusting investment environment. Fiscal stability, including inflation control and effective public debt management, are important to maintain investment attractiveness. The development of financial markets, support for innovations and technological start-ups, as well as attracting international financial assistance will contribute to the stabilization of the economic environment and the reduction of risks for investors. Conclusion. Implementation of these strategies can help Ukraine increase its investment attractiveness even in difficult current conditions and ensure sustainable economic development in the long term.

The last cityscapes: public cemetery management in Kumasi’s Urban Terrain

ABSTRACT Land is inelastic in supply. The judicious use of land within the urban land space is thus critical. Regrettably, little research has been done on planning and managing public cemeteries in Kumasi, Ghana. This study, incorporating insights from four public cemeteries and feedback from 79 participants, assesses the legislative and policy frameworks governing cemetery management in Kumasi. It also examines the condition of these cemeteries and identifies the challenges to their proper upkeep. Data were gathered through structured interviews and direct observation and were analysed thematically. Findings indicate that cemetery management in Kumasi is a collaborative task between Traditional Authorities and the local government, each operating under their respective but similar laws. Some of these cemeteries need more essential facilities, making them substandard in their current state, primarily due to financial limitations that impede effective management. This study makes recommendations to guide the effective and sustainable management of public cemeteries in Kumasi and beyond.

ANALISIS AKUNTANSI DALAM PROSES PENGADAAN BARANG DAN JASA DI KANTOR KECAMATAN SUKARAJA KABUPATEN SUKABUMI

In the era of globalization and rapid development of information technology, financial management and accounting have become crucial aspects for organizations, including government agencies. In Indonesia, procurement of goods and services is a vital component in supporting the implementation of government programs, where efficiency and transparency in the procurement process greatly affects the quality of goods and services obtained, as well as accountability for the use of public funds. The Sukaraja Sub-district Office, Sukabumi District, as part of the local government, has the responsibility to effectively manage the procurement of goods and services. However, accounting and financial management practices in the sub-district often face challenges that affect the effectiveness and efficiency of budget use, as well as the quality of public services. This research focuses on analyzing the accounting system used in the process of submitting payment for goods and services at the Sukaraja Subdistrict Office. The accounting system is an organization of forms, records, and reports that are coordinated to provide financial information needed in management. An in-depth understanding of this accounting system is very important because this system serves as a financial control mechanism, which if implemented properly, can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of regional financial management. This study shows that although the existing accounting system at the Sukaraja Sub-district Office is quite good, there is still room for improvement, especially in terms of integration of modern technology and training of officers in the use of the system. Accurate and timely financial data is needed for effective decision-making. In addition, transparency in public financial management is expected to increase accountability and reduce the potential for corruption. In this regard, measures to ensure that financial information is easily accessible to the public are crucial. This study concludes that the improvement of the existing accounting system, including the utilization of technology and the improvement of officers' competencies, is essential to improve financial performance in Sukaraja Sub-district Office. Thus, a strong and transparent accounting system will drive increased accountability, efficiency, and better quality of public services, which will ultimately support overall local economic development

The competitive edge of Norway's hydrogen by 2030: Socio-environmental considerations

Can Norway be an important hydrogen exporter to the European Union (EU) by 2030? We explore three scenarios in which Norway's hydrogen export market may develop: A Business-as-usual, B Moderate Onshore, C Accelerated Offshore. Applying a sector-coupled energy system model, we examine the techno-economic viability, spatial and socio-economic considerations for blue and green hydrogen export in the form of ammonia by ship. Our results estimate the costs of low-carbon hydrogen to be 3.5–7.3€/kg hydrogen. While Norway may be cost-competitive in blue hydrogen exports to the EU, its sustainability is limited by the reliance on natural gas and the nascent infrastructure for carbon transport and storage. For green hydrogen exports, Norway may leverage its strong relations with the EU, but is less cost-competitive than countries like Chile and Morocco, which benefit from cheaper solar power. For all scenarios, significant land use is needed to generate enough renewable energy. Developing a green hydrogen-based export market requires policy support and strategic investments in technology, infrastructure and stakeholder engagement, ensuring a more equitable distribution of renewable installations across Norway and national security in the north. Using carbon capture and storage technologies and offshore wind to decarbonise the offshore platforms is a win-win solution that would leave more electricity for developing new industries and demonstrate the economic viability of these technologies. Finally, for Norway to become a key hydrogen exporter to the EU will require a balanced approach that emphasises public acceptance and careful land use management to avoid costly consequences.

Study on Improving Healthcare Operational Performance through Talent Management Strategies: A Public Health Initiative

The importance of talent management in enhancing the operational efficacy of public health system is becoming increasingly apparent to the general public. This study seeks several approaches to improve the public health wellness talent management procedures. Staffing strategies, methods for attracting and retaining employees, career development foundations and management growth are all important factors to take into account. By using this measure, hospitals can enhance overall operational efficacy and patient care results by managing issues such as staff shortages, uneven skills and worker stress. Constructed hypothesis are aimed at examining the linkages between Talent Engagement (TE), Talent Growth (TG), Talent Longevity (TL), Skill development (SD), and Talent management (TM) in the public health settings. ANOVA and F-test are utilized for the survey data, which encompasses the 350 employees from the hospital. To measure the employee satisfaction, remote data collection methods were also employed. Enhancing public care standards, workforce effectiveness, and long-term public health performance are the three primary objectives of the findings

Assessing the readiness of Greek municipalities to manage bioplastics in municipal waste management streams

Each year citizens of the European Union (EU) generate 2.5 billion tonnes of waste; equating to five tonnes of waste per person per year. To ensure optimal material recovery, and to support the move towards a circular economy, proper separate collection of waste is necessary. The current trend of increasing collection rates, encouraged by EU legislation, is promising; however, progress is uneven both across and within EU member states. While European and national targets provide the overarching driver for better waste collection, regional and local implementation is crucial for achieving continued progress. Therefore, it is vital to consider the disparity among the different EU countries when introducing new materials, such as bioplastics (bio-based and/or biodegradable plastics), into current national waste management streams, and any new introductions should be carefully evaluated before further actions are recommended by local authorities. As a member state that is heavily reliant on tourism, proper solid waste management is of vital importance in Greece, especially during the peak summer season. Considering the rapid expansion of bioplastics in the European market, it is important to assess the readiness of municipalities in Greece to manage this new category of solid waste. Data collected from 51 Greek municipalities via questionnaire (distributed to public authorities or waste management companies) showed that the current situation and capacities for adapting waste management streams to process bio-based and/or biodegradable plastics is still limited in Greece. Therefore, the readiness of Greece to process an increasing proportion of bioplastics within the waste stream (using the current waste management systems) is very low, as a result, such innovative materials are currently seen more as a problem than a ready-to-implement solution.

The Intersection Between E-Tax Administration, Sustainable Public Procurement and Sustainable Public Performance: A Review Conceptual Framework

Objective: This study centers on exploring, from the prisms of previous established studies, the influence of e-tax administration and sustainable public procurement on sustainable development and growth. This aims to find out how the employment and engagement of the intervention of e-taxation and sustainable public procurement could be harnessed to promote an overall sustainable development in a country, especially in an African context. It is on this note the study attempts to direct its focus, albeit partial, on the West African countries of Nigeria and Ghana. Theoretical framework: The study relies on the theories of Technology Acceptance Model, Stewardship Theory and Sustainable Development Theory. Technology Acceptance Model posits that technology usage promotes efficiency and transparency. By extension, e-taxation and sustainable public procurement will promote development since it relies on technology for its framework of operation. Method: This study engages a literature review approach, establishes empirical connections, and relates them with the current study. Also, theoretical cues were taken from established studies to explain the focus of the study. Result and conclusion: Following empirical and theoretical directions of previous studies, it is suggested that application of e-tax administration and sustainable public procurement frameworks could promote both social and economic development in a country, especially in Africa, Nigeria, and Ghana. Implication of the research: This study is significant in promoting the importance of sustainable framework in national growth and development. Apart from promoting sustainable development, e-taxation, and sustainable public procurement, when applied helps to curtail corruption and criminal leakages of resources which have been severally attributed to public management style in Africa. Also, the study brings to the fore the roadmap to justice, equitability and inclusion using the framework of e-taxation and sustainable public procurement. Originality/value: This study is distinct in the sense that it provides a pragmatic benefits of embracing sustainability approach, rather than eulogizing its intrinsic value alone. Sustainability intrinsic values include promoting inclusion and engendering environmental safety. However, this study goes further to showcase how sustainability in public procurement with the inoculation of e-taxation administration could stop corruption and abort resources leakages.

BASIC REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SYSTEM OF EXERCISES FOR WORKING WITH TEXTS IN THE PROCESS OF STUDYING THE SUBJECT «FOREIGN LANGUAGE FOR PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES» FOR THE SPECIALTY OF «PUBLIC MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION»

The successful professional activity of a good specialist requires mastery of a foreign language at the level of daily communication, as well as a significant amount of lexical material in the field of professional activity and its free operation. It is of peculiar need for the professionals in the sphere of public management and administration. The ways of mastering the language of professional communication are the same as in the general education course. The additional requirements are caused by the need of mastering professional vocabulary. Reading as a means of communication has significant practical value for specialists in public management and administration as they deal with documents and misunderstandings can cause problems. In this regard, the study of the English language is lbased on the reading of professional texts should be given as much attention as possible. This type of speech activity should be singled out as a dominant component of professional English language learning, That is why preparing students for independent reading, teaching them to read correctly and to perceive what they read is the matter of peculiar interest. For the successful implementation of the set goals, it is very important from the very beginning of education to create the right attitude of students to reading as a type of language activity that has its own specific communicative task, as a means of obtaining information. When choosing material for reading, it is worth taking into account such requirements for a text as the modernity of the work, accessibility, exemplarity, meaningfulness, versatility, compliance with the level of students’ training, etc. The motivation of students’ reading activity and activity will depend on the completeness of these conditions. Independent work in reading can become an effective factor that ensures the enrichment of the active vocabulary of the future specialist. This will increase students’ motivation to learn a foreign language. Work on individual reading can make the process of forming lexical competence more effective. It is advisable to use developments for the teacher in combination with methodical recommendations for students. Intensive independent and classroom work of students with a professional text significantly improves the quality of foreign language learning.

Is bureaucracy ironclad after all? Prevalence and variances of performance- and strategy-oriented management in German local governments

This study analyzes practices of performance management (PM) and strategic management (SM) and their prevalence in Neo-Weberian rule-of-law administrations. Based on data from Germany's local government sector, it is shown that after 30 years of New Public Management (NPM) reforms, no more than 20% of German municipalities have implemented the basic aspects of PM or SM. Actual practices combine ideas of PM and SM in quite different ways and can best be understood as variances of a performance- and strategy-oriented management. It is argued that even though patterns of normative as well as coercive isomorphism have existed in the organizational field, the influence of NPM ideas has led to a diversification of management practices within Germany's local government sector. But results also show that there is no tendency toward a broadly NPM-oriented administration and that typical models of Neo-Weberian administration do not truly align with actual practices. Points for practitioners The use of performance information and strategic goals are important management instruments for public organizations. This study shows that in public administrations adhering to more bureaucratic rule-of-law traditions, actual management practices combine aspects of PM and SM in various ways, often not aligning with the recommendations from the advisory literature. The presented insights may help practitioners to better understand the efforts and benefits of these management practices, as well as the trade-offs between them.

The Effectiveness of Audio Visual Media in Reporting Technique Material in Improving Accounting Economics Learning Outcomes for Class Students at SMAN 2 Majene

This study examines the impact of leadership style, organizational culture, policy implementation, and community participation on the efficiency of public services and the happiness of employees in local government in Indonesia. The study involves a quantitative analysis with a sample size of 250 participants. It utilizes a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5 and leverages Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS 3) for data analysis. The findings demonstrate that all connections are both positive and statistically significant, emphasizing the crucial functions these parameters fulfill in public administration. Leadership style, corporate culture, policy execution, and community participation have a major positive impact on both public service efficiency and employee happiness. The findings provide significant theoretical contributions to the comprehension of public sector management and present practical implications for policymakers and practitioners seeking to enhance public service performance and employee morale.

Methodology for assessing the impact of emergencies on the spread of infectious diseases

The spread of infectious diseases is significantly influenced by emergencies, particularly military conflicts, which disrupt healthcare systems and increase the risks of epidemics. The full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine has exacerbated these challenges, causing environmental damage, mass displacement, and the breakdown of healthcare services, all of which contribute to the spread of infectious diseases. This study aims to develop a comprehensive methodology for assessing the impact of emergencies on the spread of infectious diseases, focusing on the full-scale invasion of Ukraine. The object of this study is to address epidemic threats posed by emergencies, particularly the increased spread of infectious diseases due to war-related disruptions. The subject of this study is methods and models of infectious disease transmission under conditions of emergencies, emphasizing the Russian full-scale invasion of Ukraine. The tasks of this study are to provide an analysis of the current state of research and develop a methodology for assessing the impact of emergencies on the spread of infectious diseases. The proposed methodology includes several key components. Comprehensive data from public health organizations includes infectious disease statistics, demographic shifts, healthcare disruptions, and environmental factors exacerbated by emergencies. Data preprocessing removes inconsistencies, standardization of formats, and normalization for population size differences. Machine learning models, including convolutional neural networks and recurrent neural networks, have been developed to simulate the spread of diseases based on demographic, environmental, and healthcare-related variables. Deep learning models analyze spatial and temporal patterns, whereas compartmental models such as SIR estimate changes in reproductive numbers (R₀ and Re). Additionally, models of excess mortality incorporate mixed effects to account for regional and time-based variations. The methodology incorporates real-time monitoring of epidemic threats using real-time data from multiple sources, enabling dynamic assessments of disease spread and facilitating predictive modeling. The models were trained on historical data and validated using cross-validation techniques to ensure robustness and reliability, with a specific focus on the pre- and post-invasion phases in Ukraine.Results: The study provides a comprehensive framework for collecting and processing data on infectious diseases and epidemic threats in emergencies. The proposed model introduces advanced machine learning and epidemiological models trained on pre- and post-invasion data to analyze disease transmission patterns and forecast future epidemic dynamics. Conclusion: The proposed methodology addresses current gaps in infectious disease during emergencies by integrating real-time data and machine learning techniques. This research improves decision-making in public health management and biosafety during crises, particularly in war-affected regions like Ukraine.

Public Debt Management and Economic Growth in Sierra Leone (1973-2022)

Sierra Leone is a small developing country that continues to encounter enormous public debt challenges, principally as a result of inadequate Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and imprudent debt management. The country’s current debt-to-GDP ratio stands at 78.70%. The study investigates and analyses the impact of public debt on economic growth in Sierra Leone for the period 1973-2022. The study employs time series secondary data which were collected from various sources including the Central Bank of Sierra Leone and the Ministry of Finance. Key macroeconomic variables such as external debt stock-to-GDP ratio and domestic debt stock-to-GDP ratio were specified in the models employed in this study. The variables were tested for stationarity using unit root tests before applying the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach in running the regression with a view to ascertaining both short run and long run effects of public debt on economic growth in Sierra Leone. Various diagnostic tests were carried out to appraise the robustness of the estimated growth equations using appropriate econometric criteria. The study empirically reveals a negative impact of public debt (both domestic and external) on economic growth in Sierra Leone both in the short run and in the long run. Furthermore, the study reveals that in order to ensure effective public debt management in Sierra Leone, there must be effective management of capital projects financed by public debt and to ensure stable exchange rates to reduce cost of financing debt. The study, therefore, proffers strategic recommendations in line with the findings, including a review of Sierra Leone’s debt management strategy to ensure that public debt is directed towards productive capital projects.

GESTÃO DE SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA: DESAFIOS E PERSPECTIVAS PARA A INTEGRAÇÃO DAS FORÇAS DE SEGURANÇA

Public security management is a complex challenge that requires efficient coordination between various security forces. Integration between these forces is essential to ensure an effective response to crimes, disasters and emergencies. The general objective of this study is to demonstrate the importance of integrating public security forces, analyzing their practices, challenges and benefits. Initially, research was carried out on public security management, which demonstrated that prevention is a more effective means than reprimand in security management. And this path led to highlighting the importance of the integration of security forces, proving to be essential for a coordinated approach to public security. To understand the integration of security forces, international models were analyzed, after which the possibility, need and challenges of this integration in Brazil were analyzed. The analysis is supported by a review of relevant literature and contemporary management models.

Strategies for Effective Resource Allocation in Public Health Management: A Systematic Review

Allocating resources well is essential for getting the best results in public health management. This organized review looks at several methods that could help improve how resources are used in this area. By carefully looking at previous research, this paper finds the most important methods, problems, and best practices for better health results and making things run more smoothly when resources are limited. The review emphasizes how important it is to make decisions based on facts, involve stakeholders, use priority methods, come up with new ways to pay for things, and combine technology and data analytics in order to effectively allocate resources. Evidence-based decision-making becomes a basic idea, focusing on how to carefully combine study results and data analysis to help make choices about how to distribute resources. By putting measures with strong proof at the top of the list, lawmakers can make the best use of resources and avoid spending money on programs that don't work or are useless. Engaging stakeholders is seen as important for making sure that methods for allocating resources are open, accountable, and quick. Getting a lot of different people involved lets lawmakers take a look at things from different points of view and prioritize different things. This builds support and makes decisions about allocating resources more relevant and long-lasting. Methods for setting priorities, like burden of disease analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, and value-based prioritization, make it possible to evaluate treatments and allocate resources based on which ones are most likely to improve health. Putting technology and data analytics together also lets you make decisions based on data, which makes it easier to use resources efficiently and spot new patterns and trends. Using health information systems, geographic information systems, prediction models, and machine learning techniques can help you find the best ways to use resources and make public health measures more effective.