Public Management Research Articles

International comparison of pandemic policies in the United States and Japan: Combination of all-hazards and single-hazard approaches as a realistic option to policymaking for public health emergency management system

The all-hazards approach (AHA) is a ground concept of crisis management to build common capabilities to deal with diverse hazards and adopted as the standard approach by many countries. The single-hazard approach (SHA), on the other hand, is a concept in which measures are taken specifically for a particular disaster. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has raised a policy debate on the effectiveness of pandemic preparedness in both AHA and SHA regimes, which has yet to be settled. This is because not sufficient studies have been conducted to compare policies under both concepts systematically. In this study, a new analytical framework was developed to compare pandemic policies under AHA and SHA concepts. The framework was designed to analyze coverage of hazards and actions for pandemic preparedness and response in the policy documents. The United States (the U. S.) and Japan were selected as the representative countries adopting AHA and SHA respectively. As a result, we empirically demonstrated for the first time that both countries combined multi-hazards and single-hazard countermeasures. This will provide new alternative solutions for the binary argument between two approaches. We also analyzed the coverage of actions for pandemic preparedness and response and found that while both countries comprehensively scoped overall actions, there were significant differences in coverage of individual actions. These findings may be useful to identify agenda to improve pandemic policies after the COVID-19 in each country and the framework developed in this study provides a new tool contributing to policymaking for crisis management.

Development of novel nanostructured biosensors for rapid detection of pathogens in clinical diagnostics

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 120%; mso-pagination: none; layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 6.0pt 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 120%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">The prompt and precise identification of microorganisms is crucial for successful clinical diagnostics and the prevention of infectious disease outbreaks. Traditional diagnostic methods often suffer from limitations such as extended processing durations, elevated expenses, and the necessity for specialized laboratory equipment. In this research, we propose the development of novel nanostructured biosensors that utilize the distinct characteristics of nanomaterials to improve the accuracy, specificity, and efficiency of identifying pathogens. These biosensors are created with the intention of offering point-of-care testing functionality, thus rendering them appropriate for utilization in a range of clinical settings. The integration of advanced nanotechnology with bioanalytical methods aims to create a reliable system for the real-time identification of bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens. This review encompasses the design, fabrication, and testing of the biosensors, along with a comprehensive analysis of their performance in comparison to conventional diagnostic techniques. The results demonstrate the potential of nanostructured biosensors to revolutionize pathogen detection, offering significant improvements in efficiency and accuracy, which are essential for timely medical intervention and public health management.</span></p>

Правове регулювання запобігання корупційним проявам в діяльності державної прикордонної служби в Україні в умовах воєнного стану

The article analyzes the legal regulation on the prevention of corruption in the activities of the State Border Service of Ukraine (SBSU) during martial law. Corruption poses a significant risk to national security, the efficiency of public resource management, economic development, and the stability of government. The legal definition of corruption refers to the use of official powers to obtain an unlawful benefit. In the context of martial law, the DPSU faced increased threats of corruption, in particular when controlling the state border. The article analyzes the main categories of anti-corruption legislation, including the prevention, prevention, prevention and counteraction of corruption, and also examines measures that can effectively reduce corruption risks in public administration. The main initiatives for the prevention of corruption cover a wide range of legal, organizational and educational measures aimed at eliminating the causes and conditions that can contribute to the commission of illegal actions.Effective management and control of state borders becomes especially important during martial law, when national security depends on the reliability of anti-corruption measures. In this context, the improvement of the legislative framework regulating the activities of the State Border Service of Ukraine, in particular regarding granting it the status of administrator of the Unified State Register of conscripts, conscripts and reservists, is important for strengthening control and reducing corruption risks at the border. Such changes will not only ensure more effective monitoring and compliance of border crossers with military and legal obligations, but will also help prevent the illegal movement of people across the border. These measures play a key role in ensuring the country’s internal stability and defense capability, especially in the face of military threats. Updating the legislation will also strengthen the legality of border service actions and increase their transparency, which is necessary to maintain citizens’ trust in state institutions.

A COVID-19 E O IMPACTO NA ROTINA DAS ESCOLAS DO RIO DE JANEIRO: percepção dos professores

The COVID-19 pandemic encouraged researchers and public managers to adopt several strategies to contain the spread of the SARS-Cov-2 virus, including the closure of schools, which kept children, adolescents and teachers away from the school environment for more than a year. This study, carried out in the State of Rio de Janeiro, aimed to evaluate the perception of primary and secondary school teachers about returning to school during the pandemic. Method:Cross-sectional study carried out from 11/09 to 12/23/2020, with teachers, from public and private schools, who taught children between 6-18 years old, in primary or secondary education, using an electronic form. The data were processed by the Iramuteq software. Results:Three main thematic areas were highlighted:the impact of the pandemic on education, teachers' concerns about the contagion and prevention of COVID-19, and the inadequate structure of public schools. Conclusion: The research emphasizes the need for government attention in both education and public health, addressing issues such as biosafety, preventive measures, health promotion and training of educators. It is imperative to reformulate improvement measures in the school structure, aiming to prepare in advance to face potential future pandemics and health crises, ensuring a safe and effective educational environment for students and teachers.

The Impact of Job Performance in Companies in Latin America and the Caribbean

The purpose of this article was to analyze the impact of work performance on companies in Latin America and the Caribbean. The methodology used was a qualitative approach, a literature review was carried out through the documentary analysis of scientific articles, triangulation was also used as a technique for the analysis of information. Among the main results are: Job performance has a significant impact on productivity, effectiveness of public management and work performance in the region, human resource management is fundamental in the performance and productivity of workers; and motivation, satisfaction and commitment influence organizational performance. It was concluded that work performance impacts sustainable development and organizational growth in the region, likewise, selection, training, well-being, motivation and communication in human resources management optimize work performance.

Environmental degradation, climate change and health from the perspective of Brazilian Indigenous stakeholders: a qualitative study

BackgroundThe WHO identifies climate change as the most significant threat to global health systems. Indigenous peoples, whose lives are deeply intertwined with nature, are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of...

Public management of scientists’ potential as a source of economic development: A bibliometric analysis

Particular hopes have always been placed on the potential of scientists because they can act as a driving force for effective government. Understanding the importance of scientists ensured progress and prosperity for leading civilizations. This study aims to identify an evolutionary-chronological, geographical, and contextual scientific landscape of the development and management of the potential of scientists through a comprehensive bibliometric analysis. Initially, 5619 publications in the Scopus database were selected from 1957 to 2023. The evolution of knowledge about the importance of public administration of scientific personnel began in 1957 and reached its peak in 2019. Authors from the USA, Great Britain, and Australia have published more about the significance of managing the potential of scientific personnel, and strong schools of knowledge about scientific personnel are concentrated in the USA, France, Canada, and Australia. The analysis of the research’s conceptual orientation shows that publications in environmental and social sciences dominate this sphere. In addition, the bibliometric analysis results show that public management of scientific personnel will bring benefits such as effective government policy decisions, increased innovation activity, commercialization, and improvement of the population’s social life. The results of this study lay the foundation for future research that should improve the management of scientific personnel’s potential. AcknowledgmentsThis study is supported by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan (AP19579256 “Mechanisms for empowering women in scientific activity in the interests of the development of the innovative economy of Kazakhstan”, 2023–2025).

Food safety in the Dominican Republic—The current situation and challenges in the public management system

AbstractThe Dominican Republic, like other economically developing countries, has begun to shift national focus away from food security to concentrate on improving food safety and nutrition. The government of the Dominican Republic has promoted and implemented measures aimed at eradicating poverty and malnutrition and reducing the diseases that are a direct consequence of nutritional deficiencies. However, between 2013 and 2018, the Dominican Republic reported approximately 23,000 cases of foodborne illness annually. Additionally, the number of annual cases of acute diarrhea has increased to approximately 80,000 cases per year with a mortality rate (per 100,000 inhabitants) between 5.98 and 6.94. While the etiological agents responsible for these cases are often not identified, foodborne pathogens including Shigella, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella, and Campylobacter have been isolated from food exported from the Dominican Republic as well as locally consumed foods. This review describes the status of food safety in the Dominican Republic. The review focuses on what is known regarding the etiological agents involved in foodborne disease outbreaks in the country, the impact of foodborne disease, measures the Dominican Republic government has taken to ensure the safety of both exported foods and foods consumed locally, barriers to improving food safety, as well as current and emerging food safety challenges.

Evaluating the radioactivity and health risks in oil and gas production areas: insights from Titas Gas Field, Bangladesh

ABSTRACT Conducting comprehensive studies of radioactivity and associated risk assessments in the oil and gas industry is crucial due to the potential accumulation of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials in production operations. This pioneering study investigates radioactivity levels in surface soil from the Titas Gas Field area in Bangladesh by a High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector, a crucial resource of the nation’s energy infrastructure. In surface soil, the activity of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K varied from 18–41 Bq/kg, 28–62 Bq/kg, and 280–600 Bq/kg, respectively. Particularly, the levels of 232Th exceeded the global average value for soil. These elevated 232Th levels are likely attributed to a combination of natural geological processes of enriching thorium bearing minerals, geochemical processes favouring thorium retention and human activities selectively impacting these radionuclides. The estimated of radiological risk reveals that some indices exceed recommended limits, hence pose a concern for public health. The study recommends periodic monitoring, public awareness campaigns, remediation efforts, and long-term management strategies to protect environmental and public health. The findings of this research underscore the critical need to recognise and address radiological hazards associated with gas extraction activities to safeguard the health and safety of workers and nearby communities in Bangladesh.

Linking innovation climate to innovative behavior in public organizations: Exploring the role of psychological needs

Despite the growing body of research on public employees’ innovativeness and creativity, there are limited studies examining the drivers of innovative behavior among public employees. Using Self-Determination Theory, this research examines the mediating effects of psychological needs (i.e., relatedness, competence, and autonomy) on the relationship between organizational climate for innovation and individuals’ innovative behavior. We address this issue in a quantitative study with 569 Taiwanese civil servants employing a time-lag design. In accordance with Self-Determination Theory, innovation climate is found to positively affect public employees’ innovative behavior by enhancing two psychological needs, competence and relatedness. While the innovative climate in the government enhances autonomy, this psychological need does not mediate the link between the innovation climate and innovative behavior. This study makes a valuable contribution to public management literature on public sector innovation.

Public Health Policy and its Incidence on The Quality of Public Management in Chincha – Peru, 2021

The objective of this research is to determine how public health policy affects the quality of public management in Chincha 2021. The link between new management and quality is demonstrated by the experience of administrative reform carried out by Latin American governments during the two decades. The countries due to Covid-19 2020 - 2021, had to review current policies, adapt or create new public policies. The research had a quantitative approach, basic type, with a non-experimental cross-sectional design, the hypothetical-deductive method and descriptive causal correlation, using non-probabilistic sampling techniques such as questionnaires. The result is that according to the Nagelkerke indicator, he estimates it at 48.1% (moderate correlation). the estimation of parameters by the Wald=786,021 and following=0.000 method is less than 0.05, concluding that: public health policy significantly affects the quality of public management in Peru 2021.

Public aspects of public manager training, education and development

IMPACT This article will be of interest to those undergoing or responsible for management and leadership development in public organizations, in both policy and practice. Training providers such as consultancies, universities and colleges will also find the article useful. The article challenges the assumption that management capabilities are generic and context-free. The article argues that public organizations exist in a political system, not a market, and therefore senior public leaders and managers will benefit from systematic learning about democracy, public value and political astuteness in order to operate as professional, fair and impartial public servants.

State University and College (SUC) Program Offering: A Feasibility Study of Bachelor of Science in Public Management

State University and College (SUC) Program Offering: A Feasibility Study of Bachelor of Science in Public Management

Managing Social Equity: Insights from Local Public Managers

Since its genesis in public administration, social equity has framed the field’s discussions of fairness in governance and management. Here we explore how local public managers conceptualize and operationalize social equity as a public value in the communities they lead. Based on in-depth interviews with 23 local government leaders, we find that these managers often define social equity in ways that emphasize procedural fairness. In addition, while social equity was a priority among the public managers, several expressed that they often face resistance from their elected officials when attempting to prioritize equity.

DEBT POLICY OF UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF MODERNIZATION OF PUBLIC FINANCES

Since the full-scale invasion of Russian Federation, public finances (PF) have been operating under conditions of uncertainty and unprecedented security challenges, akin to those experienced by the entire economic system. The level of uncertainty is such that it overshadows the current financial crises and parity with the consequences of the Second World War. This became the core objective of the study, which consisted of substantiating conceptual approaches to the formation of debt policy, considering the peculiarities of the projection of martial law on the functioning of PF. The research employs a systematic approach to methodology, integrating methods of factual and situational analysis that are grounded in international standards for public debt assessment and theoretical generalisations. Furthermore, through a comparative analysis, the interrelationships and mutual influences between debt policy and budget strategy are monitored. Furthermore, the study assesses the potential of leveraging the frozen Russian assets to support Ukraine's post-war recovery through the PF system. The study revealed that the debt policy is an integral component of the PF system. Unlike other program documents, it demonstrated resilience to both endogenous and exogenous challenges and the capacity to implement corrective measures during economic crises. This has laid the foundation for a Marshall Plan-like strategy for Ukraine. The PF strategy, which was approved just before the outbreak of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, prompted discussions on enhancing the predictability of budgetary policy and debt sustainability. This, together with the adoption of a medium-term public debt management strategy, became the basis for the actual establishment of the Debt Agency as a legal entity, which in the future will ensure, on the one hand, the privileging of grants among the financial mechanisms for covering the budget deficit, and, on the other hand, an additional level of budgetary strategy for generating a multiplier effect from the borrowed funds for post-war reconstruction. On the other hand, this approach will create conditions for the transition from external sources of financing the budget deficit to internal ones by expanding and diversifying the range of investors in government securities. It is proved that debt policy in both the short and medium term will serve as the basis for the implementation of the budgetary strategy of post-war reconstruction, and will create conditions for accelerating the process of forced reparations to compensate for the damage caused by the Russian Federation.

BUDGET DECENTRALISATION: RESULTS AND CURRENT CHALLENGES

The purpose of the paper is to analyse the results of budgetary decentralisation in Ukraine, to identify the factors that have the greatest impact on its success, and to identify the urgent tasks for improving the financial capacity of hromadas. Results. The article analyses the content of the strategies for reforming the public finance management system for 2017-2020 and 2022-2025, as well as the reports on the implementation of the Strategy for the period February 2017 – December 2019 and for 2022. The paper identifies the main achievements and unresolved issues of implementation of these strategies. The study highlights the factors that have the greatest impact on the success of the implementation of the tasks of reforming the public finance system. The coefficients of budgetary centralisation and decentralisation are calculated on the basis of expenditures of the Consolidated, State and local budgets. The article examines the results of a survey of local government representatives conducted in 2023 from April 27 to May 4 by the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology within the framework of the Sectoral Support Initiative for Civil Society in Ukraine project on the availability of post-war recovery plans in hromadas. Value / Originality. The undisputed results of the budget decentralisation for the period 2017-2020 include an increase in the volume of local budgets' own financial resources and a certain improvement in the quality of public services provided to consumers, but it is noted that the goals of the Strategy for Reforming the Public Finance Management System were not achieved during this period. The authors note a significant improvement in the quality of strategic planning in 2021 compared to 2016. It is emphasised that the implementation of most of the budgetary decentralisation measures planned in the latest Strategy was prevented by the full-scale war with Russia. Among the unresolved issues of the reform are the following: significant dependence of local self-government on central government transfers, duplication of functions by district and regional state administrations, low human and institutional capacity of local self-government bodies, and the procedure for administering local taxes. One of the urgent tasks of budgetary decentralisation is the need to develop and implement post-war reconstruction measures.

MANAJEMEN HUMAS DALAM MENINGKATKAN CITRA LEMBAGA (STUDI KASUS DI MADRASAH TSANAWIYAH AL AMIRIYAH BLOKAGUNG

Public relations management is integral to the success of an institution in building and maintaining its public image. Especially in the context of education, public relations management plays an important role in attracting public interest, building trust, and managing positive perceptions of institutions. This study aims to analyze the public relations management practices carried out by Madrasah Tsanawiyah Al Amiriyah Blokagung and its impact on the image of the institution. This study used a qualitative approach with interview and observation data collection methods as well as docuentation. The result of this study is that effective public relations management in Madrasah Tsanawiyah Al Amiriyah Blokagung has helped improve the image of the institution. Through active communication, transparency, and the use of social media, this institution is able to build good relationships with its stakeholders and strengthen its position in the eyes of the public. This research provides insight into the importance of public relations management in the educational context and can be a reference for other educational institutions in improving their image through effective practices in public relations management.

30 Years of Macroeconomic Effects in Zambia-VECM, ARDL & IRF Approaches

Purpose: This study examines the impact of selected time series macroeconomic variables on Zambia’s economic progress for thirty (30) years (1992 to 2022) Methodology: The study employs the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL), vector error correction models (VECMs) and the impulse response functions (IRFs) approaches. Findings: The VECM regression estimates indicate that in the long-run, ceteris paribus, a 1% increase in inflation and population growth rates cause a significant positive impact on economic progress of 0.36% and 0.68 % respectively whereas the total public debt stock causes decrease in economic growth of 0.45%. The ARDL long-run regression estimates indicate that ceteris paribus, a 1% increase in inflation and public debt significantly reduces real GDP by 0.2% and 0.03%, respectively, but a 1% increase in population growth rate increases real GDP by 23.11%. The IRF estimates show that a negative shock to the real GDP causes a mildly negative effect on the inflation rate, causes a significant positive increase in the population growth rate, which dissipates after 9.5 years and causes a significant positive increase in public debt, which dissipates after 10 years. Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: Therefore, the study recommends that the Zambian government should prioritize repayment of the outstanding public debt by bringing down the debt-to-GDP ratio to sustainable levels, adhering to prudent public financial management and continuing to grow the domestic revenue base. The policies to promote population growth should be pursued cautiously because rapid population growth rates could erode the future economic growth prospects of Zambia.

Automated classification of mixed populations of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes under field conditions

BackgroundThe recent rise in the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue virus (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), chikungunya (CHIKV), Oropouche (OROV), and West Nile (WNV) is a major concern for public health managers worldwide. Emerging technologies for automated remote mosquito classification can be supplemented to improve surveillance systems and provide valuable information regarding mosquito vector catches in real time.MethodsWe coupled an optical sensor to the entrance of a standard mosquito suction trap (BG-Mosquitaire) to record 9151 insect flights in two Brazilian cities: Rio de Janeiro and Brasilia. The traps and sensors remained in the field for approximately 1 year. A total of 1383 mosquito flights were recorded from the target species: Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. Mosquito classification was based on previous models developed and trained using European populations of Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens.ResultsThe VECTRACK sensor was able to discriminate the target mosquitoes (Aedes and Culex genera) from non-target insects with an accuracy of 99.8%. Considering only mosquito vectors, the classification between Aedes and Culex achieved an accuracy of 93.7%. The sex classification worked better for Cx. quinquefasciatus (accuracy: 95%; specificity: 95.3%) than for Ae. aegypti (accuracy: 92.1%; specificity: 88.4%).ConclusionsThe data reported herein show high accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and precision of an automated optical sensor in classifying target mosquito species, genus and sex. Similar results were obtained in two different Brazilian cities, suggesting high reliability of our findings. Surprisingly, the model developed for European populations of Ae. albopictus worked well for Brazilian Ae. aegypti populations, and the model developed and trained for Cx. pipiens was able to classify Brazilian Cx. quinquefasciatus populations. Our findings suggest this optical sensor can be integrated into mosquito surveillance methods and generate accurate automatic real-time monitoring of medically relevant mosquito species.Graphical

How does performance feedback shape public managers’ inclination to involve frontline professionals? Evidence from a conjoint experiment

Research suggests that public managers sometimes struggle to make sense of and use performance feedback in decision making and that, importantly, involving frontline professionals could help with such evidence-based decision making. Therefore, this study investigates how different elements of performance feedback shape public managers’ inclination to involve frontline professionals by employing a conjoint experiment with 1,252 observations from 223 publicly employed clinical directors. The findings reveal the following. First, clinical directors are more inclined to involve frontline professionals when the feedback indicates a failure to reach organizational goals compared with reaching or exceeding organizational goals. Second, clinical directors are more inclined to involve frontline professionals when the feedback is tied to social, rather than historical, aspirations. Third, clinical directors are more inclined to involve frontline professionals in understanding the performance feedback, when the feedback relates to an output or outcome goal rather than an input goal. Implications for public management theory and practice are discussed.