Cumulative effects analysis to inform public land management in the United States: key characteristics and legal challenges

The research aims to estimate the fiscal reaction function in Iraq as a quantitative tool to measure the government's response to public debt movements and assess its commitment to achieving financial sustainability. The study adopted the quantitative analytical approach in analyzing annual time series data using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model during the period (2005-2023) in addition to single root and cointegration tests to analyze the relationship between the primary balance to GDP ratio and a number of macro variables, such as the public debt to GDP ratio, the ratio of oil revenues to total public revenues, the government spending gap in real terms, and the output gap in real terms. The research assumed that fiscal policy responds to the rise in public debt by improving the primary balance of the budget, thus ensuring financial sustainability in the long term. The study found that fiscal policy in Iraq does not respond effectively to public debt levels, reflecting a lack of fiscal engagement with debt accumulation. This is an indicator of deficiencies in the public debt management framework and a direct threat to the sustainability of public finances in the short and long term. The study concluded that a proactive fiscal policy should be adopted within a medium-term framework, aiming to reduce dependence on oil, diversify revenue sources, and enhance the resilience of public finances in the face of shocks.

Muddling through it: Analyzing public land manager perspectives on recreation allocation

Social perceptions of wild ungulates depend on their abundance and the socioeconomic context. These perceptions shape attitudes toward management and explain social behavior toward the species. Our objective was to evaluate attitudes and behavioral intentions toward wild ungulate management in the Iberian Peninsula. We conducted a survey of 440 participants in mainland Spain. Respondents generally supported non-lethal methods, though attitudes varied with socioeconomic context. A key finding was that attitudes did not directly translate into behavioral intentions, suggesting the influence of cognitive dissonance or social norms. While many respondents supported education and awareness actions, a considerable share reported no intention to participate or provide financial support. Recreational hunting was broadly rejected. Notably, hunters' involvement in management was associated with attitudes that more strongly predicted behavioral intentions. These results highlight the complexity of the social landscape and underscore the need toadapt management strategies to socioeconomic settings and behavioral drivers.

The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdowns led to unprecedented improvements in urban air quality; however, the post-COVID period has been marked by a gradual rebound in pollution levels. This study assesses short-term air quality variations and associated health risks during the post-COVID period using Air Quality Index (AQI) data for Bhubaneswar, India. Hourly and daily concentrations of major criteria pollutants (PM₂.₅, PM₁₀, NO₂, SO₂, CO, and O₃) were analysed to examine temporal trends, short-term pollution episodes, and seasonal variability. The results indicate that postCOVID air quality predominantly ranged from moderate to poor, with pronounced deterioration during the winter and premonsoon seasons and comparatively improved conditions during the monsoon period. Short-term high-pollution episodes were frequent and persistent, driven mainly by particulate matter, leading to elevated AQI values and increased exposure risk. Health risk assessment based on AQI categories and international guideline thresholds suggests a heightened risk of respiratory and cardiovascular effects during poor and very poor air quality conditions. Comparative analysis across pre-COVID, COVID lockdown, and post-COVID phases reveals a substantial pollution reduction during lockdowns followed by a significant rebound in the post-pandemic phase. The findings underscore the importance of real-time AQI monitoring, early warning systems, and season-specific mitigation strategies to protect public health and support sustainable urban air quality management in postpandemic cities.

"Internet +" profoundly reshapes the educational ecology of colleges and universities. As the backbone of ideological and political education for college students, counselors face new challenges and new requirements in their professional ethics. This paper focuses on the work characteristics of college counselors, analyzes their role conflicts, ethical dilemmas and ability weaknesses in the network environment by using literature analysis, multidisciplinary cross analysis, etc., and finds that college counselors encounter a series of problems in the "Internet plus" era, such as the difficulty of role positioning and value guidance increases dramatically, job burnout caused by information overload and fuzzy work boundaries, ethical dilemmas of online public opinion response and crisis management, and the weakness of technical literacy and the lag of educational method innovation. Based on this, starting from systematic thinking and taking four dimensions, this paper proposes a systematic path to improve the professional ethics of counselors in the "Internet plus" era: role reconstruction: paradigm upgrading from traditional managers to digital educators, boundary governance: establishing a dual mechanism of information filtering and pressure buffering, ethical forging: building a "three firewalls" and technology empowerment for network crisis response: building a digital infrastructure system for quality improvement, so as to deepen professional identity and self reflection practice, and to provide practical reference for the construction of counselors in the new era.

Public procurement in Madagascar is a key pillar of public resource management and national economic development. Governed by legal texts, the process is based on the principles of transparency, fairness, and competition. Several bodies are responsible for regulating, monitoring, and implementing procedures, with the support of international organizations. However, irregularities are still being observed, which leads to the following problem: Despite the implementation and development of procurement procedures, non-compliance in their execution persists. The objective of this research is to determine effective strategies for optimizing the public procurement system. A survey was conducted among stakeholders in the sector, and the data collected were analyzed using multiple analysis and discriminant analysis for the development of a strategic rectangle. The results show that the gradual improvement of the system stems mainly from the absence of comments from decentralized local authorities, the ease of responding to a tender, the proper application of the public procurement code, respect for the needs of local authorities, and the role of the tender committee. Variations in the level of satisfaction with the public procurement code and perceptions of the texts also influence the system. That is why an emergency response must be prioritized and a performance model for the procurement system must be developed. Finally, it remains essential to coordinate public procurement with budget management, while taking local needs into account, in particular by adopting an appropriate procedure and complying with the key stages of the service monitoring and control process.

Low levels of work engagement among State Civil Apparatus (ASN) remain a major problem impacting the quality of public services. This study aims to examine the effect of humble leadership on work engagement and examine the role of job crafting as a mediating variable in the public sector. This study employed a quantitative causal-associative approach with a survey of 94 ASN at the Bali Provincial Revenue Agency in Denpasar, Bali. Data were gathered through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results showed that humble leadership has a positive and significant effect on work engagement and job crafting. Work engagement is positively and significantly impacted by job crafting as well. Additionally, it was demonstrated that the association between work engagement and humble leadership is somewhat mediated by job crafting. These findings indicate that humble leadership encourages proactive employee behavior, which ultimately raises work engagement. The results of this study offer theoretical insights and real-world applications for public sector human resource managers looking to promote job crafting in the workplace.

Results-Based Management (RBM) is an organizational management system characterized by a goal-oriented approach. Its global application first came with the 2005 Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness. RBM is a results-centered approach to Project Management, that emphasizes delivering results rather than managing inputs and activities. The current study investigates the impact of RBM on increasing transparency and accountability. With all development initiatives transparent and accountable, RBM enhances stakeholders’ ability to participate and understand where an organization or business stands in relation to its development objectives. This literature review integrates the findings of various studies (e.g., major multilateral organizations, bilateral donors, development banks, and international Non-Governmental Organizations) to evaluate RBM's relationship to building accountability and trust. The assessment relies on the theoretical cornerstones and principles of the RBM philosophy. It integrates them with New Public Management (NPM) to examine how the elements of RBM construct an openness and accountability culture. It demonstrates that, by adopting RBM, donors’ trust is increased through evidence of strategic planning, effectiveness, and impact of RBM. However, the review also identifies persistent technical, political, and/or institutional capacity barriers to the successful implementation of RBM. For subsequent projects to effectively contribute to the development of transparent and accountable governance arrangements, efforts must focus on improving the RBM through: adaptive management; improvement in capacity building at the institutional, administrative, and governance levels of RBM; and the creation of incentives that give incentives to focus on sustainable and meaningful outcomes and enhanced accountability, rather than just quick wins and “low-hanging fruit.”

This study aims to map and analyze the development of scientific literature on public sector accounting through a bibliometric approach. Using data extracted from the Scopus database and analyzed with VOSviewer, this research explores keyword co-occurrence, temporal evolution of research themes, density patterns, and collaboration networks among authors, institutions, and countries. The results indicate that public sector accounting research is strongly rooted in themes of accountability, transparency, new public management, and financial governance, which form the core intellectual structure of the field. Over time, however, the literature has expanded toward interdisciplinary topics such as sustainable development, climate change, public policy, and socio-economic analysis, reflecting a broader shift toward sustainability-oriented governance. Collaboration analysis reveals that scholarly production is dominated by European and North American institutions, although contributions from emerging economies are increasing, signaling a more globalized research landscape. Overall, the findings highlight the evolution of public sector accounting from a traditional administrative focus to a strategic framework supporting environmental accountability, policy evaluation, and public value creation. This study contributes by providing a comprehensive overview of research trends and identifying future directions, particularly the integration of sustainability and digital transformation within public sector accounting practices.

Accurate AQI forecasting is essential for public health and environmental management. However, existing network models for AQI forecasting still exhibit limited predictive accuracy, with insufficient consideration of key influencing factors in current research. Therefore, we present a hybrid model, Transformer Encoder–CNN–BiLSTM. The model not only considers the influence of six major atmospheric pollutant factors (PM2.5, PM10, CO, NO2, SO2, O3), but also offers advantages in modeling long-range dependencies of time series, extracting local features and capturing periodicity and seasonal trends of AQI. Taking Shanghai, China as the research object, the R2, MAE and RMSE of the proposed model are 0.9781, 2.4266 and 4.0321 respectively, far superior to those of other comparison models. In the cross-city validation experiment, the AQI forecasting of Beijing, which has distinct climatic conditions from Shanghai while sharing the same national AQI standard and similar dominant pollutant structure, also demonstrates favorable performance with an R2 of 0.9712, and MAE and RMSE of 3.1275 and 6.6269 respectively. The results indicate that the model can effectively forecast the AQI of Chinese megacities with consistent AQI evaluation criteria.

e aim of this study is to identify the digital marketing strategies implemented by Al Azhar Balikpapan and Al Mazaya Paser and to assess their effectiveness in strengthening institutional visibility and trust. The research employed a qualitative descriptive method using a multisite design, supported by observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and documentation. Involving Kiai, public relations managers, and social media administrators as primary data sources, while secondary data were obtained from institutional documents, digital content of the boarding schools, and scholarly literature relevant to digital marketing in Islamic education. Data validation was conducted through source and technique triangulation. This study employs the Miles and Huberman qualitative data analysis model, which consists of data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing or verification. Findings reveal the formulation of a Parent-Based Digital Trust Marketing (PDTM) model grounded in the principle of khidmah, emphasizing parental trust, satisfaction, and engagement as the primary social proof. The model operates through Instagram, Facebook, YouTube, official websites, and WhatsApp, utilizing educational content, activity visuals, and authentic testimonials. The strategy enhances digital visibility, builds a modern-Islamic institutional image, and effectively reaches prospective students beyond Kalimantan. Practical applications of this study include digital marketing for Islamic education, branding in faith-based institutions, and trust-based communication strategies. The novelty of this research lies in the integration of parental trust as the core driver of digital marketing effectiveness in pesantren, producing a culturally grounded model aligned with Islamic educational values. The study concludes that optimizing parental trust significantly strengthens digital marketing performance in modern Islamic boarding schools during the ongoing digital transformation in education.

This paper examines human resource management (HRM) practices in Ghana's local government and advances a twofold argument. First, it shows that decentralization reforms introduced in the 1980s and 1990s locked the system into a path-dependent governance trajectory. This has narrowed the scope for alternative approaches to achieving an effective HRM system. Second, despite formal provisions establishing local governments as autonomous and non-partisan, the findings reveal that informal norms, political patronage, and asymmetric power relations remain central in shaping HRM decisions. These realities affect staff motivation, retention, and organizational performance, often impairing formal HR procedures and meritocratic intent. The paper challenges taken-for-granted assumptions that implementing cookbook governance and/or new public management prescriptions can automatically improve institutional effectiveness and service delivery in developing countries. Instead, it argues for greater attention to historical legacies and political contexts. The paper contributes to scholarly debates on public sector management and state capacity by highlighting the limits of technocratic and one-size-fits-all approaches to strengthening subnational governance

ABSTRACT The focus in this article is on the study, not the practice, of Public Administration; that is, on British academics and their descriptions and explanations of how British government administration works. ‘Presentism’ refers to a bias toward current events and values—interpreting the past through a modern lens—and as an excessive focus on the present, neglecting historical context or future consequences. The article counters this bias by identifying the main intellectual stands of the postwar period, arguing that every narrative is ‘interbedded’ and each continues to influence the evolution of the discipline. The main narratives between 1945 and 2000 are described: Traditional Public Administration (TPA), New Public Management (NPM), and New Public Governance (NPG). For the 2000s to date, a plurality of approaches is identified that contend for our attention: New Public Service (NPS), Digital Era Governance (DEG), and Behavioural Public Administration (BPA). Finally, a new approach is recommended and explained: ‘Interpretive Public Governance’. In conclusion, Public Administration scholars need to: Set our own research agenda. Interrogate our own traditions and not focus exclusively on the present day. Celebrate the plurality of our field, not look for the Holy Grail of an agreed disciplinary core, and explore the interdisciplinary opportunities for yet more diversity. Develop the radical research agenda of Interpretive Public Governance, which uses ethnographic methods to study the knaves practicing court politics.

Objective – To develop an instrument for Road Safety (RS) analysis in the vicinity of Trip Generators (TGs), aiming to assess the impacts of these developments on the safety of the urban road system. Methodology – Based on a literature review, it was possible to select similar existing instruments, compile information, analyze relevant aspects, and develop the methodology for RS inspection. Initially, the six selected references resulted in 467 observational analysis parameters, which served as the technical basis for creating the 10 analysis items that comprise the checklist with 24 aspects to be verified. The developed checklist is accompanied by its Practical Guide for Application and Indicator Calculation, favoring the application and quality of the obtained results. Originality/Relevance – The study fills an important gap in the area of urban road safety, given the lack of specific instruments applicable to the Brazilian urban context, especially in the areas of influence of TGs. Brazilian cities face growing problems related to ineffective urban mobility and low levels of road safety, externalities associated with population growth and urban development, a context in which TGs can significantly aggravate the risks of traffic crashes. Results – A structured checklist was developed with 10 analysis items and 24 aspects to be verified, accompanied by a Practical Guide for Application and Indicator Calculation. The instrument not only verifies the compliance of each item but also numerically estimates the level of adherence to the criteria through a system of indicators, weights, and a general road safety assessment index. Theoretical/Methodological Contributions – The developed instrument represents a methodological advancement by offering a systematic, practical, and quantitative approach to road safety analysis in urban areas influenced by TGs. The tool distinguishes itself by combining simplicity in data collection with rigor in evaluation, enabling not only qualitative diagnoses but also the objective measurement of road safety levels through weighted indicators. Social and Environmental Contributions – It is expected that the use of the instrument will contribute to the reduction of traffic crashes and their social consequences, including fatalities, injuries, and economic impacts on public health. The tool can support more assertive strategies and decision-making by public managers, technicians, and developers in promoting road safety, favoring sustainable urban planning and the construction of safer cities for all road system users.

In general, issues of organising trading and increasing transparency in the financial market, and in particular in the government bond market, are of paramount importance. Consequently, international organisations that regulate the securities market are developing specific standards and rules on these issues. These issues are of particular importance due to their significant impact on liquidity, efficiency, and risk in the market. From the perspective of public debt management policy, the latter are also of significance. The purpose of this analysis is to propose key areas for developing and improving this system in the Republic of Armenia. These recommendations are based on a study of international norms and experience in organising the secondary market for government bonds and transparency systems.

This study examines public relations strategies adopted by the Nigeria Police Force (NPF) in managing its institutional image, with particular attention to how these strategies shape public perceptions and mitigate negative publicity. Using a descriptive survey design, questionnaires were distributed to a randomly selected sample of respondents through simple random sampling to assess the relationship between public relations practice and image management within the NPF. The findings indicate a significant positive impact of public relations strategies on improving the public image of the Nigeria Police Force, confirming that well-crafted and consistently implemented communication efforts contribute to enhanced public perception. At the same time, the study identifies persistent impediments that constrain the effectiveness of these strategies, including structural and operational challenges within the organization. The study concludes that prioritizing media relations, adopting a more strategic and evidence-informed approach to addressing the identified constraints, and conducting a comprehensive review of existing public relations strategies—grounded in open and transparent communication and stakeholder feedback—are critical for strengthening image management. These conclusions underscore the need for the Nigeria Police Force to institutionalize responsive, dialogic public relations practices as part of broader efforts to rebuild public trust.

Budget absorption remains a critical issue in public sector financial management, particularly within regional government agencies in Indonesia. One persistent challenge is the uneven pattern of budget realization, which tends to be low at the beginning of the fiscal year and accumulates toward the end, potentially disrupting public service delivery and program effectiveness. This research examines the influence of budget planning, human resource competency, and budget implementation processes on the optimization of budget absorption. The study was conducted at the Social Service Office of Central Java Province. The research objects included the planning, finance, and technical implementation departments. The sampling method used was purposive sampling, with the research period set for 2025. The relationships and influences among variables were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The results showed that budget implementation had a significant and positive effect on budget absorption, while budget planning and human resource competency did not show a significant effect. The study concludes that strengthening the budget execution stage—including accelerating administrative processes and enhancing coordination among work units—is essential to improve budget absorption performance. These findings provide valuable insights for regional governments in designing more effective budget management strategies to support public service delivery and community welfare.

IMPACT This article conceptualizes e-governance as a governance infrastructure that enables transparency and accountability in support of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Focusing on European governments, the authors highlight how digital platforms, open data systems and digitized accountability processes reshape public decision-making, citizen participation and sustainable development governance. This article suggests ways in which governments, public managers, digitalization specialists and international organizations can align digital government reforms with SDGs commitments while preserving democratic accountability and institutional trust.

In the context where international scientific publications are increasingly used as a key indicator in research evaluation and research management, accurately verifying whether articles are indexed in Scopus has become an essential requirement for higher education institutions and research organizations. However, current verification practices are largely based on checking journal titles, which entails significant risks of misclassification due to the existence of discontinued journals or articles published outside the periods covered by Scopus. This paper presents the development and experimental implementation of a tool designed to support the verification of Scopus-indexed articles at the individual article level, based on the exploitation of scholarly identifiers and cross-referencing metadata through the Scopus API. The results indicate that the proposed tool is capable of standardizing article metadata and accurately identifying journal indexing status and coverage periods. By doing so, the tool contributes to improving accuracy, transparency, and accountability in the management and evaluation of scholarly publications.