Public Institutions In Order Research Articles

Academic Brain-Drain and its Effect on Sustainability of Higher Education: A Case Study of Selected Public Tertiary Institutions in Ogun State

Abstract: The study investigated the effect of Academic Brain-Drain on sustainability of higher education in Public Tertiary Institutions in Ogun State, Nigeria. The target population for the study was the entire academic staff members of the selected Public Tertiary Institutions from three (3) Senatorial Districts in the State which consisted of 2058 Academic Staff members. The study selected a sample of 450 Academic Staff members through the use of purposive sampling technique. Cross-sectional survey was employed for the study to retrieve the expected data through a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics with the aid of tables were utilised to summarize the data obtained while multiple regression analysis was adopted for inferential purpose using SPSS version 26. Component factor analysis and Cronbach Alpha statistics were used to examine the validity and reliability of the instruments which yielded 80% and .767 respectively. The study found that Academic Brain Drain has a positive significant effect on Sustainability of Higher Education as emphasized by the t-statistic {f (3/446), t = 389.344, P< 0.05}. According to the model summary, R2=.803 suggests that the three factors: Poor Working Condition, Poor Pay Package and Inadequate Research Facilities together accounted for more than 80% of the variance in Sustainability of Higher Education. The study concluded that sustainability of higher education and Academic Brain-Drain have a strong, favorable, and significant relationship. The study recommended that good working conditions and better pay package be provided in public institutions in order to motivate the Academic Staff members and discourage them from migrating to where greener pasture can be found.

Ombudsman Dalam Peningkatan Transparansi dan Akuntabilitas Pelayanan Publik

This study discusses how the ombudsman increases transparency and accountability of public services, where the ombudsman is an institution that has the authority to oversee the implementation of public services organized by the government of State Enterprises, Regions, Private Bodies, or individuals given the task of organizing public services where the budget in its implementation comes from state finances, This research uses a qualitative method where data sources are obtained from literature sources (Literature Study) where the data obtained is analyzed and summarized and written descriptively, so that the results obtained that what the ombudsman does in increasing transparency and accountability of public services is to improve the quality of settlement of public reports, Increase Access to Public Service Complaints, Prevention of Maladministration, Acceleration and Organizational Transformation and Efforts to Expand Cooperation. The activities carried out are efforts to make public services better, transparent, and accountable. Accountable and in the last five years, public participation has increased, this indicates that the increase, this indicates that that the ombudsman institution has the trust of the community to solve public service problems and can solve public service problems and can affect changes in public services from the recommendations of the results of the Ombudsman examination. Public services from the recommendations of the results of the Ombudsman examination, but the first concern is how the ombudsman can be strengthened with the need for strengthened by the need for sanctions, where sanctions are needed to increase compliance of public institutions to implement to increase the compliance of public institutions in order to implement all the results of the ombudsman examination, both in corrective actions and recommendations. Secondly, there needs to be protection and security for victims or whistleblowers so that they can be protected from potential threats. Protection and security for victims or whistleblowers so that they can be protected from potential threats both from physical and administrative threats that can be or administrative threats that can have an impact on careers, jobs and businesses.

Social Responsibility of Public Institutions

The article discloses the essence of social responsibility of public institutions, defines the basic principles and models of social responsibility, highlights the components of social responsibility of public institutions, including: responsibility in lawmaking; responsibility in providing jobs for the population; responsibility in the field of social development; responsibility in the field of political activity; responsibility in international activities. The content of social responsibility of public institutions is defined, which includes: definition of a clear role and place of a public institution in the structure of the state and society, its social significance; coordination of the activities of public institutions with the task of implementing the functions of the state and local government; understanding of the need to act in full accordance with the interests of the state and society and accepted social requirements and norms; take into account various factors of influence of the external environment on the activities of public institutions in order to ensure their social significance; striving for maximum subordination, a responsible approach to their activities. The social responsibility of public institutions has a significant impact on the level of corruption, human development and the fulfillment of international obligations. The effectiveness of public institutions, including in the aspect of implementing social programs, directly proportionally depends on the availability of a strategy that ensures the development of an approach to planning and implementation of appropriate measures that form their reputation. To increase the importance and importance of social responsibility public institutions need to develop a strategy for the development of social responsibility and the procedure for its implementation, which is based on a combination of certain levels, measures, directions and tools aimed at the development of social responsibility, the basis of which is the social orientation of public institutions. To implement the strategy of social responsibility of public institutions, it is expedient to use the mechanism of integrated management of social responsibility of public institutions, which is a system of interrelated management functions: planning, organization, motivation and control.

Public sector's efficiency as a reflection of governance quality, an European Union study.

The main objective of this paper is to assess the efficiency of the European Union's public sector from a quality of governance approach, employing a two-step methodology. In the first stage, EU states' efficiency scores are determined using Data Envelopment Analysis. Once quantifying public efficiency, the second step of the methodology examines the determinants of efficiency using a quantile regression estimation technique, with an emphasis on demographic features, corruption, economic freedom, and governmental digitalization. The novelty is provided by the assessment of the public sector's efficiency and efficacy from a broader approach in order to determine the efficiency scores of European Union countries, as well as the key factors that may impact the public sector's performance. The main findings, namely that governance quality can be considered an important resource in analysing public performance and that human resources, freedom, democracy, corruption, and digitalization have an impact on efficiency, are important considerations not only for policymakers but also for society, researchers, and the academic community. Reform measures should strive to improve both the technical and democratic components of public institutions in order to more effectively and transparently allocate public resources, while taking into consideration local and national peculiarities.

How about choosing environmentally friendly beef? Exploring purchase intentions among Italian consumers

Abstract The increasing global demand for livestock products and its large environmental impact ask for urgent policy and managerial strategies. With regard to meat consumption, feasible actions relate to its reduction and orienting consumers toward more sustainable meat choices. The aim of the study is to investigate the determinants affecting meat consumers in their intention to buy beef whose label clearly expresses environmentally friendly characteristics. To do so, we hypothesized to apply an institutional system of ecological labeling on beef products. An extended framework based on the Theory of Planned Behavior was applied to understand the factors affecting the consumer decision-making process toward eco-labeled beef. A survey was conducted with 1139 consumers in Italy. Data were analyzed by means of confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation models. Results highlight that beef consumers are likely to change their habits, in favor of more sustainable beef choices. The analysis highlights that, together with consumer attitudes, social norms and perceived behavioral control, institutional trust and food shopping habits play an important role in activating the consumer's cognitive decision-making process toward more sustainable beef. Results add to the literature on the determinants of green food-choices and introduce new insights on the role of institutional trust in the intention to buy beef labeled with a public standard. Findings highlight that particular attention should be devoted to build trust for public institutions in order to promote sustainable food consumption behavior. Moreover, results validate previous studies on the effectiveness of information-based policies in fostering more sustainable consumption choices.

The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Valorization of Cultural Heritage. Case Study: Bucharest Municipality (Romania)

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected the conservation and capitalization of the tangible and intangible cultural heritage and limited the population’s participation in culture. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of the pandemic on the degree of capitalization of the elements of tangible and intangible cultural heritage within the capital city of Romania. The results of this study reflect the efforts of the representatives of cultural institutions to respond to the challenge of keeping in touch with different categories of audience. At the same time, solutions adapted to restrictions on social distancing have been identified, in order to facilitate the capitalization of the elements of cultural heritage by organizing temporary exhibitions and cultural events in the open air or online. It is also noticeable the organization of cultural events through the collaboration of public institutions in order to facilitate the access of the public to culture and increase the degree of capitalization of the cultural heritage.

The Exhibition <i>Meet Them</i> as a Tool for Shaping Historical Memory in Uruguay

Using the example of the exhibition Meet Them ( Encontrarte con Ellos ) at the J.M. Blanes Museum of Fine Arts (Montevideo, Uruguay), the article examines the process of reflection on the tragic events of national history, namely the crimes of the 1970s–1980s Uruguayan dictatorship. The research focuses on the question of whether the commemoration of painful experiences is able to consolidate societies by means of discussion and reflection. The process of the collective memory building within the Uruguayan society is considered on the example of the creative initiative of intellectuals undertaken within the framework of the exhibition. They created works, beyond specific genres and concepts, that told the stories of political dissidents who had been abducted and then disappeared. These works are based on real testimonies and designed not to let the history fade in silence. The data collection, which was mandatory for the artists participating in the project, is viewed as a significant and unique investigative feature that, while demanding additional effort from the artists, made the exhibition stand out. It appears as an elaborate sociocultural project that combines documentary evidence with visual images of the silent victims of political repression created by the artists, and the museum of affect in this case serves as a place of memory. Several pieces presented at the exhibition are considered from the point of view of symbolic and creative interpretation of memories and data gathered by the artists, as well as their impressions and sometimes personal stories and experiences intertwined with the story of a particular victim gone missing. However, the manipulative effect of collective memory as a phenomenon, which has historically been actively employed by certain political forces and leaders to increase popularity and gain support, is taken into account. The project is aimed at raising public awareness of the issues on which the artists elaborated through their work, so under certain conditions the exhibition can be conducive to the construction of national and local identities among Uruguayans. The concept of the exhibition favors the achievement of these objectives, but only over time will it be possible to evaluate the extent to which they have been met. At the same time, the reaction of some influential figures to this initiative, as well as significant steps taken by public institutions in order to provide support for commemorative initiatives have shown that a certain part of the Uruguayan elite is generally tilted toward the acceptance of such manifestations of civic engagement.

The Choice of Contract-enforcement Institutions: A Review

All public- and private-order institutions have strengths and weaknesses when it comes to the enforcement of contracts. In general, the availability of a low-cost legal system and multilateral reputation institutions is found to be more important for the long-term development of a country than bilateral reputation and private enforcement. The efficiency and cost of institutions differ considerably from place to place. The studies have observed that the cost of using private-order institutions is often lower than public-order institutions in underdeveloped economies. While the existing literature has substantially added to our understanding of contract-enforcement institutions, the issue of complementarity among these institutions has only recently received attention. Investigating this issue may considerably enhance our understanding of enforcement institutions and their economic impact. JEL: K12, K42

Упровадження аналізу політики у діяльність органів державної влади (в умовах модернізації державного управління та реалізації парламентської реформи)

Досліджено актуальні питання розробки та упровадження аналізу політики у діяльності органів державної влади. Дано визначення аналізу політики як діяльності зі створення знань про процес вироблення політики й у ході цього процесу. Аргументовано, що особливого значення набуває використання цього інструменту в умовах модернізації державного управління та реалізації парламентської реформи. Всебічно проаналізовано питання причини виникнення та історичної еволюції аналізу політики як в Україні, так і в інших зарубіжних країнах. Визначено та дано комплексну характеристику трьох основних етапів виміру аналізу публічної політики, що розрізняються між собою за часом здійснення аналізу, а саме: перспективний, ретроспективний, інтегрований. На основі проведеного дослідження вироблено практичні рекомендації щодо упровадження аналізу політики у діяльність органів державної влади, зокрема Апарату Верховної Ради України.

მობინგი, ეფექტური მმართველობის შემაფერხებელი ფაქტორი საჯარო დაწესებულებებში

Problems in the governance process are often caused by incorrect personnel policy and consist of different segments. Mobbing – is a tendency that is still neglected and it is not often mentioned. It is very significant to identify and timely eliminate the causes of mobbing among public servants in Georgian public institutions in order to administer the institution properly, and also to embark effectively on a career development path. Negative interactions between co-workers in public institutions and challenges within the team greatly affect not only the productivity and quality of work, but also the motivation and success of public servants. To make quality improvement and focus on the enhancement in the labor process is the main factor that is spent on aggression and dealing with the controversies within employees. The article depicts the factors that cause mobbing and how this is related to the organizational culture, career advancement and success of employees in the labour teams of Georgian public institutions. Besides, how the current situation impacts on the management process

Mediação Cultural no contexto Francês trajetória histórica e evolução

In contemporary logics, the concept of mediation gains prominence by its centrality in social interactions and symbolic mediations, becoming understood as an inherent process in all the work of the information professional. In view of this, the goal is to describe the trajectory of cultural mediation in France, observing its emergence, historyand evolution. The study hasa qualitative approach, of descriptive type, adopting the bibliographical research method. At first, cultural mediation was associated with book mediators and museum environments. Currently, its emergence in the French context is associated tocultural and artistic issues between information and culture and public institutions in order to reduce social fractures marked by social exclusion.

Büyükbaş Hayvancılık İşletmelerinde Çayır Otu Silajının Benimsenmeme Nedenleri: Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi, Türkiye

The aim of this study was to examine the reasons for livestock farmers not using forage crops for silage in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey, considering farmers’ socioeconomic characteristics and communication and behavior. In addition, this study aimed at determining measures to be taken by the farmers, producer organizations, and public institutions in order to publisize the grass silage in the region. The research data were obtained from the surveys conducted with 278 livestock farms, calculated according to the stratified random sampling method based on the number of livestock owned by farmers. According to the research results; it has been revealed that the number of animals per farm is low, most of the farms operate as family farms, and they experience economic difficulties to improve their farms. Although there is a lack of roughage fodders, especially in winter season, grass silage was not preferred to correspond this need. Most of the farmers stated that they were not aware that it was possible to make silage from the grass, which is common in the region. The main factors effective on not making silage from grass were; the number of animals was low, farmers were over middle age and the land was small. Therefore, farmers do not tend to increase their income by putting different applications and technologies in their business. Public institutions and producer organizations should cooperate with farmers to carry out various research and extension activities in order to accelerate the adoption and diffusion of grass silage that provides cheap and high quality roughage fodder in the region

The Hidden Elephant Is Oppression: Shaming, Mobbing, and Institutional Betrayals within the Academy—Finding Strength in Collaborative Self-Study

ABSTRACTIn this collaborative self-study, we examined our experiences of oppression and exclusion as tenure-track assistant professors possessing intersecting outsider statuses. We found that oppression is the elephant in the academy. We used self-study methodology, along with narrative inquiry, and textual and discursive analysis, to analyze our respective formal and informal student course evaluations, personal narratives and poems, and ongoing collective conversations. We found and analyzed not only the impact of these experiences on our physical, spiritual, emotional, and mental health, but also how they have impacted our work. Through our support system triad, we became vulnerable, critically aware, and mutually empathic – all necessary components to building resilience to shame. We found some concerning commonalities problematizing the sanctity of the institution of the university: (a) students use course evaluations to punish professors because of unsafe content or critical pedagogical content and/or non-hegemonic identity markers; (b) similar mobbing tactics occur in private and public institutions in order to punish successful non-hegemonic/critical professors, although the behavior is more flagrant in private institutions, and (c) institutions provide lip service to diversity without creating internal mechanisms to sustain it. In essence, the institution carries on with status quo business as usual. We end with a discussion and conclusion about moving forward that allowed us to voice our discontents for a call to action against hegemony inside the academy and teacher education. We all have more work to do.

Zasada odrębności i niezależności sądów i trybunałów a obraz polskiego sądownictwa we współczesnym społeczeństwie – aspekt socjologiczno-prawny

<p class="Standard">Rozważania dotyczące władzy sądowniczej w Polsce należy rozpocząć od ustawy zasadniczej, którą jest Konstytucja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 2 kwietnia 1997 roku. Zawarte w niej reguły odrębności i niezależności sądów i Trybunałów stanowią jeden z fundamentów wymiaru sprawiedliwości.</p><p class="Standard">Działalność wymiaru sprawiedliwości podlega ocenie społecznej, a jej kierunek bez wątpienia wpływa na jakość i płynność realizowania funkcji sądownictwa jaką jest min. wymierzenie sprawiedliwości.</p><p class="Standard">Poniższa praca ma na celu analizę opinii społecznych dotyczących sądownictwa w Polsce, wskazaniu obszarów najbardziej newralgicznych, wykazania obecnych trendów w społeczeństwie dotkniętym kryzysem sądownictwa oraz przedstawieniem proponowanych kroków, które mógłby zrealizować samorząd sędziowski lub inne instytucje publiczne w celu odbudowy zaufania do władzy sądowniczej, co w konsekwencji umożliwi prawidłowe realizowanie zasady konstytucyjnej stanowiącej o niezawisłość oraz niezależność sadów Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej.</p>

The Impact of Performance Audit on Public Administrations in Saudi Arabia: An Exploratory Study

This study aims to examine if auditors of the Saudi Supreme Audit Institution (SSAI) have exerted influence on administrators in Saudi Public Institutions in order to improve the way they manage public resources. The study also examines the impact of the public administrators’ personal factors, i.e. the experience and qualifications of administrators on the contributions made by the SSAI, in terms of facilitating the undertaking of changes in the public administrations. The result of a survey of 96 Saudi public officials shows that the SSAI can claim remarkable achievements, in terms of improving Saudi public affairs. Administrators, irrespective of their experience and qualifications, have shown positive perceptions of the process of performance audit and that they are convinced of the usefulness and the quality of the SSAI’s reports. This study reveals that the SSAI has contributed towards helping the managements of public organisations define their priorities and adopt both strategic and operational plans. It has also helped them evaluate their projects and services, identify the problems and shortcomings of these projects and services, and then provide valuable recommendations to rectify them.

Economic Evaluation And Budget Impact Analysis Of Prothrombin Complex Concentrate (Beriplex®) For Treatment And Prophylaxis Of Bleeding In Patients Treated With Oral Anticoagulants Under Perspective Of Health Public Institutions In Mexico

Most important adverse event associated with the use of oral anticoagulants is bleeding and sometimes it is necessary to reverse anticoagulation. The objective of this study is to compare the costs of using Prothrombin Complex Concentrate (PCC) in comparison to Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) in Health Public Institutions in order to identify the cost-saving anti-bleeding treatment. Since PCC and FFP have the same safety and efficacy profile, a cost-minimization study and budget impact analysis were conducted, by examining the comparison of anti-bleeding treatment in patients with oral anticoagulants (warfarin). Standard of treatment was a 70 Kg patient. Time horizon was considered duration of bleeding episode and there was not applied discount rate. The analysis were presented in 3 scenarios according to International Normalized Index ranges, from 2.0-3.9, 4.0-6.0 and >6.0. Unitary costs and budget were obtained from Health Public Institutions in 2016. In the first scenario, anti-bleeding treatment cost for PCC was $764 USD and for FFP was $1,369 USD (-$615 USD). In the second scenario treatment cost for PCC was $955 USD and for FFP was the same as in first scenario (-$423 USD). In the third scenario treatment cost for PCC was $1,338 USD and for FFP was $1,838 USD (-$500 USD). The cumulative 5-year cost for 10,000 estimated cases of bleeding per year in patients with INR> 6.0 was for PCC $18.7 USD million and for FFP was $25.7 USD million. The 5-year Budget Impact Analysis showed savings for $7 USD million by using PCC, which represent 0.0053% of the entire Mexican public health budget. Sensitivity analysis corroborated results of base cases. PCC is a cost-saving alternative when compared to FFP in treatment and prophylaxis of bleeding in patients treated with oral anticoagulants under perspective of Health Public Institutions in Mexico.

Endogenous Institutional Selection, Building Trust, and Economic Growth

Private-order market institutions founded on trust-based relational contracts suffer adverse selection and moral hazard problems, while public-order market institutions have a limited capacity to enforce contracts. I model agent selection between contract enforcement institutions and demonstrate that the state's contract enforcement capacity is complementary to private-order contract enforcement institutions for low to moderate levels of public-order enforcement capacity. This suggests that initial improvements to public-order institutions cause the accumulation of trust and result in economic growth in both institutions. However, I show that the private-order institution must eventually collapse once the level of public-order contract enforcement capacity gets too large.

Binomial Analysis of the Demand for Higher Education in Borno State of Nigeria

Demand is a multidimensional and determined by many factors. Education is viewed as investment and key to development of any nation. This paper investigated the demand for private education in Nigeria with focus on Borno State. Both primary and secondary sources of data were utilized in this paper. The primary data were obtained from random administration of 2000 questionnaires to 5 enumeration areas. The paper extensively used probabilistic sampling techniques to get the data ready. The living standard measurement Surveys was also utilized in collecting data. The probit regression technique was used to assess the impact as well as determinants of higher private education for rural households, urban households and combinations of both variables. The result shows that the size of households, per capita spending, school fees, father’s level of education, households location in the rural or urban areas, and intermittent strikes of university teachers constitute the main determinants of higher education demand in Borno state. Note that high increase in the demand for higher private institution in Borno state can be attributed to the influence of institutional, economic and socio cultural factors. The paper recommends that some measures should be put in place by educational planners to emphasize the quality of output from the higher public and private institutions. There is also need to match the candidate choice of course and the marketability of the course in the labor market. This paper also note that school fee is never an impediment to choosing the private higher institution, Therefore user charges could be used to address poor funding of public institutions in Nigeria. Policy makers should look into agitations of lecturers in tertiary public institutions in order to address the teething problem of inadequate funding of public institutions to avoid brain drain and further falling standard of education in Nigeria.

Cautious Citizenship: The Deterring Effect of Immigration Issue Salience on Health Care Use and Bureaucratic Interactions among Latino US Citizens.

Research shows that health care use among Latino immigrants is adversely affected by restrictive immigration policy. A core concern is that immigrants shy away from sharing personal information in response to policies that expand bureaucratic monitoring of citizenship status across service-providing organizations. This investigation addresses the concern that immigration politics also negatively influences health care utilization among Latino US citizens. One implication is that health insurance expansions may not reduce health care inequities among Latinos due to concern about exposure to immigration law enforcement authorities. Using data from the 2015 Latino National Health and Immigration Survey, we examine the extent to which the politics of immigration deters individuals from going to health care providers and service-providing institutions. Results indicate that Latino US citizens are less likely to make an appointment to see a health care provider when the issue of immigration is mentioned. Additionally, Latino US citizens who know someone who has been deported are more inclined to perceive that information shared with health care providers is not secure. We discuss how cautious citizenship, or risk-avoidance behaviors toward public institutions in order to avoid scrutiny of citizenship status, informs debates about reducing health care inequities.

Communicative rationality and attitude among the participants of an urban renewal acceleration project - Focusing on the districts released from the urban renewal acceleration project in Jeju City -

The purpose of this study was to examine the communicative rationality among the participants in urban renewal acceleration projects. To this end, ⅰ)Among subjects who participants that is actively or passively communicative attitude?, ⅱ)Who is involved mainly in communicating positive or negative communicative rationality?, ⅲ)The ointment according to the difference between communicative impact analyzes differ? The results are as follows. First, participation in communicative attitude in the district designated principal active steps was self-employed, residents, professionals, public institutions in order. In the planning establishment step it appeared as self-employed, residents, professionals, public was in order. Second, positive participation in rational communication in the planning stages or establishment step was resident, the media, non-governmental organizations, self-employed in order. Third, the inhabitants of the Jeju island who were a negative response from the truthfulness and fairness than non-native island. Implications are as follows. First, In the urban renewal acceleration project planning process residents should be guaranteed the opportunity to pass the communication. If these participants involved communication were smoothly, they could resolve the conflict and reach an agreement between each other. Second, it is prepared to be president of discussion and deliberation with the regular communicative share. This conflict between interest groups in urban renewal acceleration projects will be able to reduce the social costs that may arise because of the delay on or off. Third, it will keep the communication caring for customs norms of communication and culture in the project area. If the position for understanding the identity of the residents within the project area was preceded they could facilitate communication among the participants.