Public Financial Accountability Research Articles

The Effect Of Management And Use Of Village Funds And Village Government Accountability And Village Economic Growth In Kupang Tengah District, Kupang Regency

Village funds will encourage the implementation of village autonomy, as well as an effort to empower village governments and village communities. the provincial government and district government as facilitators, facilitating village communities to be able to carry out village development. Village funds are a source of village income whose accountability is included in public financial accountability. This study aims to: (1) determine the influence of village fund management on village economic growth in Kupang Tengah District; (2) Knowing the effect of using village funds on village economic growth in Kupang Tengah District, (3) Knowing the effect of village government accountability on village economic growth in Kupang Tengah District, and (4) Knowing the effect of village fund management, village fund utilization and government accountability village on village economic growth in Kupang Tengah District. This study uses a quantitative descriptive approach, with data collection techniques in this study using a questionnaire. The population and sample of this study used a purposive sampling method. This study involved village officials who managed village, sub-district and community fund allocations in the village, with a sample of 32 respondents from 7 villages. SPSS research analysis tool version 25. The results show partially that village fund management influences village economic growth, village fund utilization affects village economic growth, and village government accountability influences village fund growth. Simultaneously, the magnitude of the influence of village fund management, village fund utilization and village government accountability on village economic growth is 66.2%. This means that the management of village funds, the use of village funds, and the accountability of the village government can increase village economic growth in Kupang Tengan District, Kupang Regency.

Enhancing Value For Money Performance In Local Government Organizations: The Role Of Public Financial Accountability And Internal Control

This study examines the role of public financial accountability and internal control implementation on the performance of value for money of Local Government Organizations (LGOs). This study also investigates the role of internal control on public financial accountability and the intervening role of public financial accountability. This study was conducted at the Yogyakarta City Government from October 1 to November 15, 2021, using a survey method. Questionnaire responses obtained were 121, coming from 30 LGOs. The partial least square (PLS) technique was then employed to test the hypotheses. The results revealed that the public financial accountability and internal control implementation were directly associated with the value for money performance of LGOs. Additionally, the internal control implementation was positively associated with public financial accountability, while the public financial accountability played a role as a partial intervening variable (p-value = 0.012). It was also found that the variable with the greatest significant effect on value for money performance was an internal control (p-value = 0.00). The results of this study provide critical practical implications to be considered by local governments to improve their value for money performance through strengthening accounting policy aspects.

Financial Accountability and Religious Sentiments: The Case of Sukuk Bond

This study bridged the gap in the literature by exploring the overlaps between public financial accountability and religious sentiments. Previous studies have considered accountability in specific religions and religious organisations through the expositions of their application of accounting concepts and procedures. However, the ways in which religious sentiments affect public accountability are rarely researched. Yet, religion and religious sentiments play central roles in the lived experiences of many people and affect their decisions and perceptions. We used the issuance of Sukuk as a way to understanding how religious sentiments can impact public financial accountability. Our analysis of the online commentaries on the media report of the Sukuk issuance relied on the theory of Symbolic Interactionism and an interpretivist research approach that recognises multiple realities and supports exploring people’s lived experiences. Symbolic Interactionism suggests that people create meanings from their interactions with others through symbols, actions and multiple roles in social settings. Our findings showed that the Sukuk issuance elicited conflicting symbolic meanings amongst Netizens that affected their opinions of governments’ efforts to enhance public infrastructure using alternative financing options. We argued that clarity on the intersection between religious sentiment and public financial accountability can lead to deeper understanding on the nature of public accountability. It could also support the design of appropriate accountability frameworks especially in contexts with social fissures capable of undermining public accountability.

Evaluasi Pembelajaran Mata Kuliah Audit Pada Mahasiswa Politeknik Negeri Bengkalis

This research was conducted to answer doubts over the competence of students in the field of auditing at D4 Public Financial Accounting Study Program, Bengkalis State Polytechnic. This study aims to compare learning outcomes and student competencies and learning business performance in the audit course for one semester. All students who have taken the audit course become the population as well as the sample in the study to ensure that the results obtained in the study will represent the whole student without exception. Based on the SPSS output on the Mann Whitney nonparametric statistical difference test, the sig result is 34.8%. The sig number of 34.8% is certainly greater than the alpha value of 5%. Thus, it is clear that based on the evaluation of the learning outcomes of the audit course between class A and class B students of the Bengkalis State Polytechnic Public Financial Accounting Study Program, there is no difference. This proves that the teaching methods that have been applied in the lecture process have improved students 'skills and knowledge in the field of audit, both in class A and in class B. A good lecture process or knowledge transfer even though it is in a different class will have an impact on increasing the knowledge and competence of students in auditing the financial statements of a company

Peran Mata Kuliah Etika Profesi Terhadap Perkembangan Perilaku Etis Mahasiswa

This study aims to determine: 1) the role of professional ethics course in the development of student ethical behavior 2) the development of ethical behavior of student after taking professional ethics courses 3) different in the development of ethical behavior of younger students and older students. The sample in this study were 160 students of the Public Financial Accounting study program at the Bengkalis Polytechnic.Data collection techniques is questionnaires and documentation. The type of research is descriptive quantitative. The data analysis methods is regression analysis, descriptive statistics, and the Mann-Whitney test with the help of the SPSS version 25 program. The result showed that: 1) the role of professional ethics courses has a positive effect on the development of ethical behavior 2) The development of ethical behavior of student after taking professional courses is in the fairly good category 3 there is no difference in the development of ethical behavior of younger students with older students.

Development of Accounting Curriculum Model Based on Industrial Revolution Approach

This study aims to develop an accounting curriculum with the Industry 4.0 approach. The specific target expected from this study is to produce curriculum designs that can be used as input in the revision of the curriculum in the Public Finance Accounting Program and the Accounting Study Program planned to be implemented in 2020. While the long-term target of the results of this study is the availability of a curriculum that can accommodate market needs , so that graduates of Accounting and Public Financial Accounting Study Programs have competitive competence and knowledge. Specific and long-term goals can be achieved by conducting deep interviews with several industrial and banking companies to identify the needs of the industrial world for accounting graduates. From the results of the study it was identified that there was a shift in the role of accountants, where this shift in role caused a shift in hardskill and soft skills that must be owned by an accountant. In addition, accommodating changes that occur can use two approaches, namely by inserting topics in existing subjects, or by creating new courses. Keywords: Development, Curriculum, Industrial Revolution 4.0 DOI : 10.7176/RJFA/11-2-12 Publication date: January 31 st 2020

Pengaruh Lingkungan Belajar Terhadap Hasil Belajar Mahasiswa Dalam Matakuliah Akuntansi Pemerintah

One of the functions of face-to-face lectures in class is as a transfer of knowledge from lecturer to students. The student learning environment is an external factor that influences student learning outcomes. Government Accounting Course I is a continuation of the Public Sector Accounting course. The purpose of this course is to provide knowledge to students of the Diploma 4 Public Financial Accounting Study Program that focuses on the process of financial recording and reporting to the government. This study was conducted to determine whether there are differences in learning outcomes in Government Accounting courses I between classes A and B. The test instrument used is the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test. The population in this study was 52 students in the fifth semester of Diploma 4 Public Financial Accounting Study Program. The results of this study showed that the learning outcomes or students' abilities in Government Accounting courses I between classes A and class B did not differ. Differences in the learning environment in each class do not affect student learning outcomes.

Public Financial Accountability Institutions and Democratic Governance in Nigeria

The study is based on the examination of the impact of public financial accountability and the pursuit to develop democratic governance in Nigeria between 1999 and 2013. It compared the state of financial accountability institutions and their contributions to the consolidation of democratic governance in some selected states. The study utilised both primary and secondary sources of data collection. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data collected. The study revealed that financial accountability institutions performed significant roles in consolidating democratic governance in the selected states (x2 = 113.97; p < 0.05), by ensuring the enhancement of transparent financial dealing (70.7%), proper execution of projects by MDAs (81.6%), popular support for government (76%), general participation of the citizens (60.6%) and peaceful co-existence (88.7%). The study concluded that there were reforms in financial accountability institutions and mechanisms in all the sampled states through which democratic consolidation was ensured at different degrees between 1999 and 2013.

Public Financial Accountability: A pre-requisite to the management of Development Assistance in Mozambique beyond 2015

In Sub-Saharan Africa, Mozambique remains as one of the poorest countries in the region receiving large volumes of Development Assistance (DA) from the international donor community yet the majority of its population still continue to suffer from poverty. This article places much emphasis on efficient and effective Public Financial Management (PFM) as a key ingredient for the achievement of both the national and international development goals in Mozambique. Through a literature based study, the article acknowledges progress that has been recorded in the Millennium Development Goals. However, the paper considers the strengthening of PFM systems through enhanced accountability and transparency as essential elements in face of the recent global development commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals. A reviewof challenges experienced in the era of MDGs in the country points to a need for greater transparency and accountability in the management of DA if the country is to achieve the SDGs. Thus, arguing on the basis of the Agency theory, the article proposes the adoption of a stringent governance mechanism for Public Financial Management measures to shape government and donor financial accountability frameworks with the view of creating an enabling environment aimed at ensuring the achievement of Agenda 2025 and the 2030 Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets.

Public accountability and the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability tool: an assessment

Since 2005, the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability tool has been widely used in developing countries and emerging economies to evaluate the performance of public financial management systems. In this article, we assess the strengths and weaknesses of the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability instrument tool for evaluating public financial accountability. We examine the theoretical literature on public accountability in order to derive a suitable normative framework to assess the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability tool. However, given that this literature is based on experiences in developed countries, we must extend it to also take into account the political cultures and practices in developing countries. Using this extended framework, we assess the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability indicators related to, in particular, parliamentary committees for financial oversight and Supreme Audit Institutions. We conclude that the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability tool could devote more attention to the independence of Supreme Audit Institutions, the nature of accountability debates, democratic inclusion and horizontal accountability mechanisms Points for practitioners The Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability tool has been applied in more than 116 countries and its reports offer valuable information for practitioners and researchers around the world. It is the only publicly available data set that measures the performance of financial committees of parliament and Supreme Audit Institutions. The strengths and weaknesses revealed in this article should be taken into account when using the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability tool for research or for evaluating the quality of financial accountability systems in particular countries. The international financial institutions and donor agencies governing the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability Secretariat can use the recommendations of this article to further improve the framework.

The Relevance of Critical Accounting Theory (CAT) to Effectiveness of Public Financial Accountability in Emerging Economies

In the past, researchers of financial accountability have relied on Agency and Stewardship theories to explain the phenomena that may hinder the exchange of financial information in the accountability process. This article examines the relevance of CAT to effective public financial accountability.Public sector in developing countries has accountability mechanism that is based onagency model. Accountability mechanism following the assumptions of principal-agent theory will most likely focus on monitoring procedures in order to reduce information asymmetry. This can enhance the disclosure of information but may result in an information overload problem on the part of the accountors’ and the accountees. Extant literature asserts that the theory is not anappropriate framework for contractual services that are difficult to be measured and observed, and that the theory fail to address the issue of relevance of environment, competition, management capability, and availability or lack of strong incentives, particularly financial, for aligning an agent’s actions. As research in public financial accountability emerged, the issue of the most appropriate theoretical framework to adopt remained unanswered. Critical Accounting Theory (CAT) is gaining wider acceptability among scholars in their quest to address the problem of the conflict of goals between the principal and the agent and the difficulty or the inability of the principal to verify what the agent is doing.Extant literature established thepaucity of studies on critical accounting literature that focus on developing countries.This theoretical paper exalts CAT and its relevance to modern day developing societies.

Financial Reporting Quality of U.S. Private and Public Firms

ABSTRACT: Using a new database that contains accounting data for a large sample of U.S. private firms, we provide an investigation of financial reporting quality (FRQ) of U.S. private versus public firms. We find that in general public firms have higher accrual quality and are more conservative. The results are consistent with public firms' reporting reflecting greater demand for financial information. However, these reporting qualities of public firms are mitigated or eliminated in settings where public firms are more likely to manage earnings or face reduced demand for their financial information. Our study contributes not only to the current debate on private versus public financial accounting, but also to the broader literature attempting to understand the determinants of FRQ.

Financial Reporting Quality in U.S. Private Firms

Using a new database that contains accounting data for a large sample of U.S. private firms, we provide an investigation of financial reporting quality (FRQ) of U.S. private versus public firms. We find that in general public firms have higher accrual quality and are more conservative. The results are consistent with public firms’ reporting reflecting greater demand for financial information. However, these reporting qualities of public firms are mitigated or eliminated in settings where public firms are more likely to manage earnings or face reduced demand for their financial information. Our study contributes not only to the current debate on private versus public financial accounting but also to the broader literature attempting to understand the determinants of FRQ.

Scrutinizing Public Expenditures Assessing the Performance of Public Accounts Committees

In 2002, David McGee wrote a comprehensive report on two important elements in the system of public financial accountability, namely the office of the Auditor General and the parliamentary oversight committee commonly referred to as the Public Accounts Committee (PAC). The purpose of the present paper is to deepen McGee's analysis of PACs. In particular, the authors define PAC success and identify those factors that affect PAC peformance. They use data that were collected by the World Bank Institute in 2002, when a survey questionnaire was sent to 51 national and state/provincial parliaments in Commonwealth countries in Asia and Australasia, and Canada and the United Kingdom. The authors find that the institutional factors which most account for the success of the PACs are the focus on government's financial activity rather than its policies, the power to investigate all past and present government expenses, the power to follow up on government action in response to its recommendations, and its relationship with the Auditors General.

Financial Accounting in Brazil: An Empirical Examination

ABSTRACT In this study, evidence of the value relevance of Brazilian accounting numbers over the periods 1995–1999 is presented. Brazil is a developing code law country, wherein Brazilian firms are financed by an “insider model,” i.e., they do not rely on capital markets and public credit markets to finance their operations. Brazil complies with four out of the five criteria that Ali and Hwang (2000) show to be negatively related to the relevance of financial accounting information. Based on this scenario, public financial accounting information is not expected to be value relevant in Brazil. Therefore, results show that, in terms of levels regression (prices as dependent variables), accounting seems to be reasonably value relevant (using R2 as a measure of value relevance). However, after controlling for scale effects, as suggested by Brown et al. (1999), the R2 is significantly reduced. In addition, the earnings-return relationship and the conservatism of earnings are examined. As previous research suggests (Leuz and Wustemann, 2003), the earnings-return relationship is weak in Brazil as well as the conservatism of earnings as expected, given previous research comparing code and common law countries (Ball et al., 2001). The results of the study also show that book values concentrate most of the value relevance on preferred shares. RESUMEN. Este estudio presenta pruebas de la importancia que las cifras de la contabilidad brasileña tuvieron en el período 1995–1999. Brasil es un país que utiliza un código jurídico en desarrollo gracias al cual las empresas brasileñas reciben financiamentos de un “modelo interno.” Ej.: ellos no dependen de los mercados de capital ni los mercados de crédito público para financiar sus operaciones. Brasil cumple cuatro de los cinco criterios que Ali y Hwang (2000) muestran que están negativamente vinculados a la importancia de la contabilización de la información financiera. En base a este escenario, no se espera que la información contable público financiera tenga un valor importante en Brasil. Por consiguiente, los resultados muestran que, en términos de niveles de regresión (precios como variables dependientes), la contabilidad parece tener un valor razonablemente importante (usando R2 como una medida de la importancia del valor). Sin embargo, después de controlar los efectos de escala como fue sugerido por Brown et al. (1999), R2 se reduce significativamente. Además también se examina la relación ganancia-retornos así como el conservadorismo de las ganancias. Tal cual sugirieron anteriormente otros investigadores (Leuz y Wustemann, 2003), la relación entre ganancia-retornos es una relación débil en Brasil así como era de esperar que lo fuese el conservadorismo de las ganancias, debido a las investigaciones anteriores que compararon el código y los países de la ley consuetudinaria (Ball et al., 2001). Los resultados de este estudio muestran que el valor contable se concentra en los valores relevantes de una acción preferencial. RESUMO. Neste estudo, apresentamos os indícios da relevǎncia do valor dos números contábeis brasileiros durante o período de 1995–1999. O Brasil é um país onde o direito está se desenvolvendo, e onde as empresas brasileiras são financiadas por um “modelo interno,” i.e., elas não confiam no mercado de capitais nem nos mercados de crédito público para financiar as suas operações. O Brasil atende a quatro dos cinco critérios apresentados por Ali e Hwang (2000) como negativos em relação à relevǎncia da informação sobre contabilidade financeira. Com base neste cenário, a informação da contabilidade pública financeira não parece ter valor relevante no Brasil. Assim, os resultados comprovam que, em termos de níveis de regressão (preços como variáveis dependentes), a contabilidade parece ter um valor de relativa relevǎncia (usando R2 como medida de relevǎncia do valor). Porém, após o controle para efeitos de escala, conforme sugere Brown et al. (1999), o R2 é consideravelmente reduzido. Além disso, a relaçao reñtorno-ganhos e o conservadorismo dos ganhos sao analisados. As pesquisas anteriores (Leuz and Wustemann, 2003) indicam que a relação retorno-ganhos é fraca no Brasil, assim como o conservadorismo dos ganhos, segundo pesquisas prévias comparando países com códigos e direito consuetudinários (Ball et al., 2001). Os resultados deste estudo mostram também que o valor contábil concentra a maior parte do valor de relevǎncia das ações preferenciais.

Diverging Paths: Accounting for Corporate Governance in America and Germany

American and German accountancy took different paths in the early part of the twentieth century. In Germany, a persistent disconnect arose between relatively sophisticated managerial accounting practices for insiders and the methods used in public financial accounting. The “equity revolution” America experienced—an enormous shift in the number and expectations of shareholders—prompted new demands for financial statements designed to help evaluate the future earning power of companies. In contrast, the effects of World War I retarded equity–market development in Germany. Political frictions reinforced the Germans's; discomfort with equity markets and increased their resistance to revising accounting principles. Banks, tax law, courts, and lawyers, instead of professional accountants, became the primary source of accounting principles. Only in past decades, under pressure from the European Union and global capital markets, have the accounting systems begun to reconverge.

Coming to Grips with Governance: The lessons of experience

Over the past decade, improving governance has increasingly become a central concern of public sector reform across the globe. China is no exception. In developing countries aid agencies have come to see governance reform as a prerequisite for the effective implementation of poverty programs. At the same time, considerable conceptual confusion initially obstructed coordinated action among the principal stakeholders. Progressively, research has helped strengthen both the analytical framework and the empirical underpinning for policy design. Over time, too, the discussion of ways to improve the quality of public services and make public agencies more accountable and transparent has become more candid and pragmatic. Reformers have come increasingly to stress the importance of establishing the rule of law and strengthening public financial accountability as fundamental preconditions for faster and more equitable development. The need for a more professional, better-trained and more motivated civil service is also recognized, though progress on this matter has been slow. However, the dramatic evolution of information technology has opened up a tremendous new potential for increasing public accountability. For the future, a more coordinated and structured approach to reform may result in better outcomes.