This study examines the phenomenon of cancel culture in the Indonesian film industry through a case study of actor Abidzar Al-Ghifari and the controversy surrounding the film A Business Proposal. The controversy arose from Abidzar’s statement during a press conference, which was perceived as belittling the original Korean drama, triggering negative reactions in digital spaces. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach using Rodney H. Jones’s Digital Discourse Analysis method, which includes four elements: text, context, action and interaction, and power and ideology. Data were collected from a YouTube video by Cokro TV titled “Gegara Kesombongan Abidzar, Falcon Rugi Bandar! featuring Ade Armando” and its comment section. The findings reveal that cancel culture functions as a form of social expression, with netizens acting as moral gatekeepers in digital spaces. The discourse reflects the power dynamics between public figures and digital society, who collectively construct legitimacy through social media. This phenomenon significantly affects reputation, career, and the continuity of film projects.

The aim of this study was to examine the methods of prevention and combating the crime of abuse of functional influence, with a specific emphasis on the legal system of Iraq. This study is based on a descriptive-analytical approach. Additionally, the study focused on reviewing library resources and analyzing existing legal texts. The findings indicated that the absence of explicit legal provisions and legislation against perpetrators of this crime does not imply its non-existence. The public reputation of officials and public figures serves as a recognized governmental reference, and in order to maintain trust between the government and citizens, as well as the public’s confidence in governmental institutions, significant penalties for this crime are rarely found. Moreover, public employees or officials exploit their professional influence to obtain benefits and advantages that are not necessarily financial in nature. They take advantage of their managerial authority and power through obtaining privileges, commissions, contracts, and appointments, knowing that there is no legal provision to penalize them, especially if they enjoy immunity. Even when punishments or penalties exist, they are insufficient as deterrents for the crime of abuse of functional influence. The mere presence of punishment does not necessarily contribute to the detection of the crime, whereas crime detection significantly increases the likelihood of deterring offenders. Furthermore, the crime of abuse of functional influence, similar to offenses such as prostitution and financial adventurism, occurs between corrupt individuals who mutually benefit from the crime. As a result, there is often no specific victim to report the offense, since all involved parties are complicit, and there is no clear victim in such cases.

In the realm of politics, scandals involving public figures often attract significant attention, especially when reported by the media. One major scandal that once stirred public discourse was the alleged affair involving Ridwan Kamil. The media plays a crucial role in shaping public perception of political figures, often through news reporting constructed with specific narratives. This study aims to explore how the media constructs narratives surrounding the alleged affair of Ridwan Kamil, and how it utilises its influence to shape public opinion and reinforce power structures through such reporting. Using Antonio Gramsci’s theory of hegemony, this research analyses how major Indonesian media outlets, such as Kompas.com, Detik.com, and CNN Indonesia, presented news coverage of this scandal. It also examines how the media frames the news in ways that influence the public’s perception of Ridwan Kamil and his political standing. The method employed is discourse analysis, focusing on the texts and narratives built by the media. This research not only investigates what is reported but also how the reporting itself constructs public perception and discourse. The findings reveal that scandals related to personal morality have significant destructive potential, as Indonesian society still views political leaders as moral figures. The clear polarisation of public opinion in Ridwan Kamil’s case is not solely caused by the content of the news but also by the selective consumption of information facilitated by social media algorithms. This study also identifies character assassination as a political communication strategy used to damage reputations by attacking personal aspects. Ideological bias in media coverage aligns with Herman and Chomsky’s propaganda model, where the media serves the interests of capital owners and those in power.

The article examines the linguistic features of Gumar Karash, a prominent Kazakh intellectual, public figure, and writer of the early twentieth century. The study identifies lexical units characteristic of his works, including nouns, adjectives, pronouns, regional vocabulary, and borrowed lexicon, and analyzes their semantic and functional properties. These linguistic elements are examined in comparison with the norms of modern Kazakh literary language, Turkic written monuments, and the language of Karash’s contemporaries, which allows for a clarification of the author’s individual stylistic profile. The analysis highlights Karash’s use of borrowed words either in forms close to the original or adapted to Kazakh phonetic patterns, his incorporation of regional speech elements, his command of the classical written tradition, and his application of Turkic language structures. The aim of the study is to determine the semantic and functional characteristics of various lexical layers (nouns, adjectives, pronouns), regional words, and borrowed vocabulary in Karash’s writings, as well as to identify the author’s distinctive linguistic and stylistic features. The research demonstrates the preservation of archaic usages, the frequency of dialectal elements, variation in the phonetic representation of Arabic-Persian borrowings, and Karash’s productive word-formation based on the internal resources of the Kazakh language. The findings show the poet’s contribution to the development of the Kazakh literary language in the early twentieth century and justify the historical motivation of his linguistic choices.

The history of regional journalism creation and development, its current state, the problem of training national journalistic personnel and the experience of previous generations are extremely relevant today. The article is the first attempt to reveal the creative legacy of the editor-in-chief of the newspaper “Khypar” in 1974–1988 Demyan Filippovich Semenov. The scientific focus of the research is related to his contribution to the development of Chuvash journalism, in connection with which the history, theory and practice of journalism during this period are analyzed. The purpose of the study is to analyze the life and creative path of D.F. Semenov, which includes more than 45 years of journalism, translation and 15 years of editorial activity of the leading republican newspaper “Communism Yalave” (“Banner of Communism”, from 1991 “Khypar” (“Vesti”), the period when D.F. Semenov was chairman of the Journalists Union of the Chuvash Republic and a member of the Central Council of the Journalists Union of the USSR (1984–1989), his socio-political activities. Materials and methods. The main source base for studying the topic was publications in the republican newspapers “Sovetskaya Chuvashia”, “Khypar”, the central national press “Sovetskaya Rossiya”, “The Journalist” of the 70s and 80s of the last century, as well as works by theorists and historians of journalism. The methodological basis for this research is the principles of historicism, systematic and holistic study, which makes it possible to reveal the general patterns of historical, socio-political views and worldviews of a prominent Chuvash journalist, translator and public figure. The content analysis of journalistic texts was widely used. Results. A brief historical overview of D.F. Semenov’s formation as a journalist, editor, translator, chairman of the Journalists Union of Chuvashia is presented. The period of D.F. Semenov’s work was studied, when he headed the editorial and publishing department of the State Council of the Chuvash Republic, where, under his leadership, timely and high-quality editing, translation of the Laws of the Chuvash Republic, other legal acts of the republican parliament and their official publication were ensured. The authors studied the contribution of D.F. Semenov to the development of legal terminology and the period of his work as editor of the “Vedomosti” journal of the State Council of the Chuvash Republic. Conclusions. On the basis of a retrospective analysis of the research materials, the stages of D.F. Semenov’s creative path as a journalist, editor, translator and public figure are theoretically substantiated and differentiated. This article can be used to prepare the textbook “Chuvash journalism” for students of the journalism department.

The paper examines the largely unknown epistolary works of Mykola Storozhenko (1836—1906), a late 19th—early 20th century researcher of Shevchenko’s legacy. These letters, preserved in Ukrainian archives and only partially published, were addressed to prominent figures of the time (V. Antonovych, P. Zhytetskyi, O. Konyskyi, F. Lazarevskyi, V. Naumenko, A. Pypin, M. V. Storozhenko, A. Kostomarova—the wife of M. Kostomarov, and others). They contain references to archival materials on Shevchenko and to previously unknown works by the poet, discovered by Storozhenko and published mostly in the journal “Kiievskaia Starina.” The scholarly contribution of the paper lies in the attempt to trace Storozhenko’s research interests through his epistolary writings, to outline the circle of his communication, and to demonstrate the significance of his letters as a source for the history of Shevchenko studies. M. I. Storozhenko was the first biographer of Shevchenko to work with documents from the judicial and investigative files of the Third Department of His Imperial Majesty’s Own Chancellery in St. Petersburg. In his Shevchenko-related works, Storozhenko referred to the so-called “Case of the artist Shevchenko” and the “Case of the Ukrainian-Slavic Brotherhood” (also known as the “Case of the Ukrainian-Slavic Society”). In his correspondence with Ukrainian intellectuals (historians, philologists, writers, editors, and public figures), M. Storozhenko shared his reflections, discoveries, and archival findings. He informed his addressees about contacts with many contemporaries, outlined his research plans, and broadened the communicative field of Shevchenko studies in the context of literary scholarship of the time.

The name of Rizaeddin Fakhreddin is a symbol for the entire Muslim world. An outstanding Tatar public figure, teacher, historian and orientalist, he made a significant contribution to the formation and development of the spiritual culture of the Tatar society. The purpose of the study is to study the religious reform views of R. Fakhreddin (1859–1936). Materials and methods. The methodological basis for studying the subject of research is the principles of historicism, objectivity and consistency, as well as the descriptive and narrative method. The source base of the research is the published sources of the XIX–XX centuries and the literature devoted to the biography and activities of R. Fakhreddin. The published sources include the works of the XIX–XX centuries (written by F. Baishev, R. Fakhreddin, A. Khairullin), historical and documentary collections and periodicals. The available information contributes to the expansion of knowledge about the religious reform views of R. Fakhreddin. Results. R. Fakhreddin is one of the key figures among the Tatar enlighteners. Being an adherent of Jadidism, he emphasized the importance of not only modernizing educational institutions, but also that of radically changing the attitude of the Muslims towards secular education, and actively fought ignorance, stating that general education is the foundation of Islam. R. Fakhreddin believed that the progress of the society depends on education of its citizens. He presented his own interpretations of the Hadiths, adapting them to the modern context in order to stimulate the national consciousness of the Tatars. R. Fakhreddin considered intelligence based on knowledge as one of the fundamental elements of Sharia and a key tool for comprehending the religious truth. Comparing the developed countries of Europe and America with the Tatar society, R. Fakhreddin drew attention to how outdated dogmas of Islam limited the spiritual development of the latter. He studied the issues of the Muslim world modernization, proved the possibility of a harmonious combination of Islam and scientific knowledge, actively supported modern approaches to religious education, and proved that science and intelligence not only do not conflict with Sharia, but are also its integral part. He emphasized the need to separate the areas of competence of religion (the Quran and the Sunnah) and secular knowledge based on intelligence. R. Fakhreddin’s philosophy of religious renewal is an expression of the reformist aspirations inherent in the Tatar society in the late XIX and early XX centuries. R. Fakhreddin advocated the progress of the Tatar society through integration of religious and secular elements. The basis of his views was recognition of the need for Islam to meet the requirements of modernity, which was typical for Muslim reformers of that time. Conclusions. R. Fakhreddin was a man of diverse interests and a wide range of activities. His research contained progressive ideas for that era and was created taking into account the national, religious and moral foundations of the Tatar ethnic group. The researcher set himself the task of harmoniously integrating the principles of Islam into the context of modern reality. He criticized the tyrannical restrictions that suppress the intellectual activity of the Muslims and reduce it to thoughtless reverence for authority. R. Fakhreddin was convinced that the Islamic educational model cannot be limited only to religious subjects; it should also cover the study of secular sciences. R. Fakhreddin criticized excessive worship of the saints and formation of a cult of their personality. According to the thinker, a believer is not obliged to unconditionally trust reputable sources, but should actively develop his own thinking and independently analyze information. Despite the emphasis that R. Fakhreddin placed on transformations, the fundamental religious and ethical norms of Islam, which are obligatory for every believer, remained unchanged by him.

This study arises from the persistent stigma against Poso as a conflict-affected area, despite improvements in social conditions. It aims to explore the perceptions of postconflict communities and examine the role of government programs and social media in building a positive regional image. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed through interviews, observations, and document studies involving 22 respondents from diverse backgrounds, including community leaders, youth, and local entrepreneurs. The findings indicate significant changes, including increased feelings of safety, social harmony, and economic activity. About 90% of respondents assessed Poso as now safer and more harmonious, supported by interfaith participation and local government initiatives. Programs such as the Malino Declaration, social assistance, infrastructure development, and cultural reinforcement were considered effective in restoring community trust, although aid distribution remains uneven. Social media also plays a crucial role in promoting Poso’s new identity through cultural promotion, tourism, and public figure involvement. Remaining challenges include collective trauma, limited digital access, and the circulation of old conflict narratives. Overall, synergy between the government and residents is a key factor in shaping Poso’s peaceful and progressive image.

The experience of Hungarian Protestants during the Counter-Reformation was that their influential aristocratic supporters played a key role in their survival. Therefore, especially after the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, which ensured their equality of rights with Catholics, their churches instinctively sought to place their lay leaders to higher political and public offices, or vice versa, to recruit their lay and even church leaders from the ruling political elite, which created a close interdependence between the Reformed Church and the political establishment of the national liberal dualist era. Gaining positions in the political arena was also linked to gains in other areas of social life such as education, culture, and science. And vice versa: gaining influence in the fields of education, culture, and science also carried political weight and recognition and unconsciously reinforced the sense of social and legal security of the Hungarian Reformed. In our study, we present three mosaic pieces of the Hungarian Reformed connections to the academic world. The first one is an analysis of the growth of Reformed university professors between 1848 and 1945. The second is a presentation of the thought of a Reformed scholar, church leader, and public figure, István Bernát, on the relationship between religion and science. Lastly, the third one is a discourse of confessionalist church reformers following the First World War, on the founding of their own Reformed academy of sciences.

This paper examines the problem of starting of the Second World War and analyzes both Russian and foreign scientific research. These works are based on archival materials, including recently declassified documents, produced by well-known historians, political and public figures, international relations experts, and career diplomats. This study highlights a set of key foreign policy events that occurred during the 1930s and early 1940s, which significantly influenced global political developments. The authors of this paper identify the factors that led to the outbreak of the large-scale war, which caused immense human losses. Particular attention given to the Soviet Union’s policies aimed at establishing a system of collective security and its active efforts to prevent a global conflict. The paper concludes that while the political leadership of the major European powers in the 1930s did not seek war, they were ultimately unable to stop the aggressor, leading to the unfortunate reality of the Second World War.

This article examines the views of Konstantin Dmitrievich Kavelin (1818–1885), a Russian social thinker and public figure, on the objectives of social scientific knowledge in his time. It provides a historical description of his intellectual influences, a phenomenological account of his personal experience, a textual analysis of his late works, and addresses several source studies issues related to the ideological atmosphere of the period under study and his creative work. An attempt is made to study Kavelin's later legacy from historical-sociological, socio-philosophical and epistemological points of view, in the context of the evolution of his ideas aimed at developing a methodology of social cognition, which has not previously received attention in the scientific literature. The article draws on works from the 1870’s and 1880’s, letters and memoirs by Kavelin and his circle, as well as the works of contemporary Russian social scientists. It is shown that K.D. Kavelin's interest in the spiritual and moral life of the Russian people, “our mental formation”, had personal roots and meanings, and was linked to his worldview, character traits, the influence of his intellectual environment and social interests. Kavelin's assessments of the main trends in Russian philosophy and science are presented. While critiquing them, he offers his own vision of the development of social cognition, which can be loosely called a theoretical "program." At its center is attention to the individual, their needs, and the paths of their spiritual, moral and mental development; the individual is the main element of society and the engine of social progress. Kavelin's complex of theoretical and methodological ideas is based on a synthesis of psychological and ethical views; the development of social thought is dependent on the state and prospects of psychology and ethics as priorities for understanding man and society in contemporary Russia. It is revealed that Kavelin's “program” in his later years evolves from the formulation of psychological tasks to formulating ethical and philosophical ones and is ultimately determined by the synthesis of psychological and socio-philosophical ideas. His worldview and proposed methodology of social cognition are based on the principles of sociological nominalism, anthropocentrism, and psychologism. Conclusions are drawn about the contribution of K.D. Kavelin's teachings to the history of Russian thought, about the cultural significance of the “program”, as well as the connection between the thinker's theoretical ideas and pre-revolutionary social-scientific traditions in Russia.

This article examines the specifics of the religious education system in Georgia during the second half of the 19th century. Analysing historical, political, and educational dynamics demonstrates how religious education functioned in the empire’s border regions, particularly in Georgia, as a tool of cultural suppression, assimilation, and Russification. The research emphasizes the challenges faced by Georgian clergy and public figures under Russian policies; examines the interrelation among adaptation, education, and the preservation of cultural heritage under colonial oppression; and showcases the resilience of Georgian identity despite systemic pressure on national culture and the native language. The religious education system during the studied period reveals contradictions within the Russian church between modernisation and reactionary policies, with theological schools becoming a kind of battlefield. Georgian clergy, intellectuals, and students played a decisive role in ensuring that religious education did not fully align with imperial objectives. Against the background of systemic violence, they used it as a platform to safeguard the Georgian language and cultural heritage. Thus, in Georgia during the second half of the 19th century, the dual role of the religious education system was revealed: it served the policy of Russification and, at the same time, reflected the emergence and development of mechanisms for preserving Georgian identity with-in it. This duality enriches the narrative and illustrates the complexities of the historical moment.

This study addresses the increasing prevalence of Online Gender-Based Violence (OGBV) in Indonesia, which continues to affect both women and men, although women remain the most vulnerable and disproportionately impacted. Focusing on the case of RK, a public figure whose explicit videos with her former partner were circulated online, this research highlights not only the fragility of privacy and consent in the digital era but also the ideological mechanisms maintained through the media’s framing and textual production. The study aims to analyze how media representation shapes public perception, moral judgment, and emotional engagement with RK’s case. Employing a qualitative approach and Sara Mills’ Critical Discourse Analysis framework, it examines multiple articles from *Idntimes.com* to uncover linguistic strategies, power relations, and gendered ideologies embedded in the narratives. The findings reveal consistent portrayals of RK as a passive, powerless, and morally suspect victim, reinforcing a culture of victim-blaming while simultaneously evoking limited empathy. These media constructions mirror broader social, cultural, and structural inequalities in Indonesia’s treatment of women involved in sexual scandals. Ultimately, this study calls for more ethical and gender-sensitive media practices that amplify victims’ voices and promote empathetic, equitable, and socially conscious public discourse on sexual violence.

The European Union is currently facing multiple crises, not restricted to but including the COVID19 pandemic, the conflict in Ukraine, ecological and energy-related challenges, immigration pressures, and internal social and political issues. However, Europe and the EU are also defined by their know-how, culture, multilingualism, and contributions to the evolution of Western civilisation, a legacy that should be honoured and progressed to meet contemporary challenges. Our responsibility and hope lie in transforming society sustainably and intelligently in order to respond to anticipated and unanticipated changes. One possible instrument to do so is through European media observatories like the European Media Observatory (EDMO), which can serve as hubs for this purpose. The Bulgarian-Romanian Observatory on Disinformation (BROD) is one of the hubs collaborating with EDMO, which brings together journalists, fact-checkers, public figures, and academic researchers to work towards a society better prepared to tackle disinformation. This paper provides a broad overview of its setup and discusses some of the current challenges in monitoring the progress in counteracting disinformation.

The purpose of this research is to identify the types of figurative language and the meanings conveyed through Peter Drury's reflections in an interview with The Athletic. Peter Drury is widely known for his poetic style of football commentary, and his interview provides rich linguistic material to explore how figurative expressions reflect personality, emotion, and professional identity. This study employs a qualitative descriptive method, using a semantic analysis approach to examine the forms and meanings of figurative language found in the interview transcript. The analysis draws on the theoretical framework of Lakoff and Johnson’s (1980) Conceptual Metaphor Theory and other supporting semantic theories relevant to figurative meaning interpretation. The findings reveal that metaphor is the most dominant type of figurative language, comprising 81.8% of the data, followed by personification and idiomatic expressions at 9.1% each. Drury’s frequent use of metaphor, such as describing his sensitivity to criticism as lacking “thick skin,” expresses his vulnerability to public judgment and highlights the emotional burden carried by a public figure. Meanwhile, idioms and personification illustrate his deep connection with language as not only a tool for communication, but also a medium that shapes his identity and creative expression as a commentator. The study concludes that figurative language in the interview contributes significantly to constructing a narrative that resonates emotionally with audiences, revealing Drury’s humility, passion, and philosophical outlook on his career. This research contributes to the fields of linguistics and media discourse studies by emphasizing the role of figurative language in shaping meaningful and memorable public communication.

Importance. The October Revolution in the Central Black Earth Region was carried out by leaders of the leader-type, who established a new government by their own will. They were resisted by no less authoritative state and public figures. At the same time, the style of political behavior of such leaders varied, which requires understanding, since leaderism is usually associated with the peremptory nature of words and actions. The purpose of the study is to study political leaderism from October 1917 to February 1918, the role of authoritarian leaders at this time and the situation of their rapid disappearance from the political scene. Methods and Materials. Historical-systemic, historical-comparative and prosopographical methods. Materials from the central archives, archives of Voronezh, Tambov, Kursk and Lipetsk; periodicals; memoirs. Results and Discussion. In the first half of autumn 1917, political activists of the region openly discussed the need for a coup d'etat to implement the tasks of the revolution. There was no unity among the revolutionaries on this issue. As a result, the transfer of power to the new political regime that took place in October 1917 – February 1918 turned out to be associated with the actions of specific political leaders: A.S. Moiseyev in Voronezh, E.N. Zabitsky in Kursk and the examples of I.I. Fokin in Bryansk in Bryansk, Oryol province, N.N. Ispolatov in Usman, Tambov province. By the summer of 1918, these leaders, especially at the level of provincial centers, ceased to play the role of leaders of the revolution. The phenomenon of leaderism in the period under study also turned out to be associated with the actions of politicians of the liberal and rightsocialist wing. The figures of the leader of the Cadets A.I. Shingarev and the leader of the Voronezh People's Socialists Party N.V. Chekhov are analyzed as examples. Conclusion. Local leaders-chiefs, who were able to act by force of will, achieved the greatest success in implementing the tasks of transferring power to the October regime. Leaders of other types looked less bright against their background, but were able to solve the problem of gradual transfer of power to the Bolsheviks, or act as an opposition from the right. By the summer of 1918, the most prominent leaders, who showed a tendency towards an authoritarian style of action and individual decisions, were ousted from the sphere of making important political decisions. This is due not only to the collapse of the left coalition, but also to the specifics of the emerging political system, where individualism was not welcomed. The need to create detailed biographies of political figures of the revolutionary period is emphasized in order to better understand the nature of the processes taking place in the political sphere.

The “Goldwater Rule”, introduced in 1973 by the American Psychiatric Association (APA), prohibits psychiatrists from publicly expressing diagnostic opinions about public figures whom they have not personally examined and without their consent. Originating in the aftermath of the 1964 presidential campaign and the Fact Magazine case, this rule stands as a central point of ethical debate between freedom of expression, professional responsibility, and the protection of individual dignity. This article traces the origins and evolution of the rule, analyzing its major violations and reinterpretations—from Jerrold Post’s psychological profile of Saddam Hussein to Bandy X. Lee’s The Dangerous Case of Donald Trump—and examining their connection to the legal principle of Duty to Warn derived from the Tarasoff ruling. The discussion also includes the perspective of psychology, which proposes a more flexible approach based on observable and documentary data, and reviews contributions that downplay psychiatric diagnosis as the sole criterion of leadership fitness, drawing on psychohistorical studies and the notion of “depressive realism” in historical leaders. A section is devoted to the European context, where there is no uniform consensus on the Goldwater Rule. Finally, the article examines contemporary defenses of the rule by scholars and ethics committees, reaffirming its importance in safeguarding the credibility of psychiatry and preventing political or media misuse. The concluding reflections emphasize the rule’s inherent ambiguity and contextual nature, its limited enforceability, and the need for its revision to align with the ethical and communicative challenges of modern society.

This study examines the role of teachers as influencers in 21st-century education, particularly in developing students’ intelligence and character through the use of digital media and technology. The digital transformation requires teachers to serve not only as transmitters of knowledge but also as public figures capable of providing positive influence through digital behavior and communication. The purpose of this study is to analyze how teachers perform their roles as educational influencers and how this impacts students’ intellectual and character development. This research employs a literature study method by reviewing scientific sources such as books, articles, journals, and relevant research reports. The analysis was conducted using a descriptive-analytical approach to identify patterns, ideas, and strategies used by teachers in integrating character values and digital literacy. The findings indicate that teachers with strong digital competence and personal integrity are able to create positive influence through educational content, digital role modeling, and ethical communication. The implications highlight the importance of strengthening teachers’ digital literacy, educational policy support, and continuous professional training to create a digital learning ecosystem that is character-based, adaptive, and responsive to contemporary challenges.

The article presents information from the biography of a talented scientist, excellent clinician and teacher, brilliant dentist, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Berta Konstantinovna Kostur, well-known in our country. Her contribution to the development of orthopedic dentistry, pediatric dentistry, oncostomatology, and dental arthrology is noted. B.K. Kostur’s research on the study of morphological changes in the masticatory apparatus in accordance with the periods of its formation and in the occurrence of various diseases of the dentoalveolar system are of great scientific and practical importance. The aim of the work is to highlight the scientific, clinical, pedagogical and social activities of a prominent Soviet scientist, teacher, clinician and public figure, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Berta Konstantinovna Kostur in connection with the 95th anniversary of her birth.

EFL learners often hesitate to communicate in English, especially during in-class activities, because they fear making mistakes. In contrast, students active in IDLE activities are more willing to communicate in English. However, development processes beyond their willingness to communicate (WTC) in informal digital learning of English (IDLE) have not been sufficiently addressed. This study explored how Indonesian EFL learners develop their WTC in English from receptive- and productive-IDLE. This study employed a narrative study. To gain a deep understanding of the stories, we purposely recruited five university EFL learners who regularly practice IDLE. The data included learning diaries and in-depth interviews with stimulus recall. Our qualitative content analysis revealed that students who participated in fan practices initially engaged with WTC, influencing various factors, including the degree of acquaintance, formality of the situation, number of people present, topic of discussion, degree of evaluation, knowledge of the subject, language of discourse, and the language proficiencies of public figures. Our findings also conformed to the pyramid model of willingness to communicate based on students’ IDLE activities. As they gradually developed their confidence and English communication skills, it took a long time, during which some of them began in junior high school and continued their studies at university. Educators may consider explicit supports to tailor in-class and out-of-class IDLE activities, which provide more qualitative and quantitative exposure to the authentic use of English.