Public Attorney Research Articles

Public Attorney's office between judiciary and public administration

The aim of the research was the positioning of the institution of the Public Attorney within the Serbian legal system. De lege lata, the focus was on examining the compliance of the institution's functions with the challenges of the European Convention on Human Rights, the Serbian Constitution and the new Civil Procedure Code. Based on the criticism of positive law, the author builds the legal policy stance regarding this institution de lege lata. The author primarily uses the dogmatic method, and where necessary, other legal science methods: comparative, historical, sociological and philosophical. The study resulted in knowledge with regard to the position of the institution, which is closer to the executive than to the judiciary, the incompatibilities of its functions and deficits, primarily in terms of concretization of the constitutional principle of the rule of law and direct implementation of the constitutionally guaranteed human rights. Property rights and interests of the state cannot be reduced to private law. Furthermore, if an agent of the state is a public institution, putting it in a role of a private person makes the litigation unfair. The agent of the state is supposed to be a much more reliable partner of the court in exercising the rule of law, human rights and the quest for truth. Ultimately, the pro et contra stances expressed in this study certainly depends on understanding the basic social values and their hierarchy. Perhaps the problem can be expressed, in terms of a legally-axiological approach, as a question of valuation. Which social values should be given priority: the common good or the justice and truth? The author opts for the latter, believing we should be more concerned about the legal and moral collapse of the state, than its economic demise.

The Post-Deportation Human Rights Project: Participatory Action Research with Maya Transnational Families

As the number of immigrants in the United States has increased dramatically in recent decades, so has the number of human rights violations against immigrants in the form of arrests without warrants, detention and deportation of parents without consideration of the well-being of their children, and incarceration without bail or the right to a public attorney. The Post-Deportation Human Rights Project (PDHRP) at Boston College was developed to investigate and respond to the legal and psychological effects of deportation policies on migrants living in or deported from the United States. This unique multidisciplinary project involves lawyers, social science faculty, and graduate students—all of whom are bilingual, one of whom is trilingual, and many of whom are bicultural—working together in partnership with local immigrant organizations to address the psychosocial impact of deportation on Latino and Maya families and communities. Our work includes psycho-educational and rights education workshops with immigrant parents and their children in southern New England as well as a cross-national project based in the U.S. and Guatemala supporting transnational families through participatory research, educational workshops, and legal resources.

P02-195 - Compulsory internment and treatment in mental health patients - legal implications in portugal

IntroductionThe possibility of detention for treatment of mental patients may be controversial since introduces the possibility of the judicial power to dominate one's private life.ObjectivesIt is made an analysis of the legal problems in compulsory internment and treatment in mental patients in Portugal.Material and MethodsThe diplomas mainly analysed were the Portuguese mental health law, Constitution and Penal Code. The study was based in four legal principles: necessity, proportionality, subsidiary and adequacy whenever a compulsory detention for mental treatment is imposed and the requisites for that decision.ResultsCompulsory internment may only be determined when it is the only way to guarantee that patient is submitted to treatment, and when is deemed proportional to the danger of the legally protected value in question. Restrictions on patient’s fundamental rights shall be those strictly necessary and suitable to the effectiveness of treatment. Compulsory internment may be petitioned by the Public Attorney, patient's legal representative, public health authorities or any person.ConclusionIn spite of the diversity of criteria for compulsory mental health care across several countries, Portuguese mental health law emphasizes the need for treatment as an essential condition for detaining patients with mental illness. The compulsory treatment is based on the judge decision supported in the psychiatric report. However, how can we be certain that a mental patient is going to practice a specific crime? Is it fair to punish without crime? Are there scientific criteria capable of ensuring that mental patients cause always violent behavior?

Atribuição investigatória do Ministério Público brasileiro frente às disposições constitucionais: a posição do Supremo Tribunal Federal

This research addresses the possibility of direct criminal investigation by public attorney. Through bibliographical studies, it aims to present an exploratory and descriptive view of the fundamentals and limits addicted to the function of public attorney. It is also about non-exclusiveness of the police in conducting criminal investigations, because, according to the Federal Constitution and the Criminal Procedure Code, other administrative staff can perform them. Among these, there is the Public Prosecution Service, when the crime is subject to public attorney. Finally, the positions of the Supreme Court are observed. Certainly the major jurisprudential position focuses on the constitutionality of direct criminal investigation by the public attorney, but other placements are also found which hinders its legal treatment, harming both the accused as the whole society. It is concluded that the performance of the Brazilian public attorney in a criminal investigation is entirely possible and consistent with its constitutional purpose in a direct way to preserve the fundamental human rights. Key words: criminal investigation, public attorney, supreme court.

O novo desenho institucional do Ministério Público e o processo de judicialização da política

Que mecanismos explicam o processo de autonomização do Ministério Público? Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal discutir o processo pelo qual essa instituição adquiriu, a partir da Constituinte de 1987/88, autonomia diante dos Poderes do Estado e como tal autonomia contribui para o processo de judicialização da política. Como a literatura explica o fato de várias instituições terem feito lobby e apenas o Ministério Público teve suas atribuições ampliadas? Para isso, foi realizada uma sistemática revisão teórica acerca da sua autonomização. Os resultados indicam que o debate se divide em duas correntes explicativas. Por um lado, defende-se que a autonomia da instituição pode ser explicada a partir de dispositivos legais internos ao próprio Ministério Público. Por outro, sugere-se a existência de interesses exógenos à institucionalidade do Ministério Público no processo que influenciou positivamente a autonomia dessa instituição.

TINDAK PIDANA PEMILU LEGISLATIF DI KABUPATEN BANYUMAS DAN PURBALINGGA (Studi tentang Kebijakan Formulasi dan Penerapan Undang-Undang No. 10 Tahun 2008 Tentang Pemilihan Umum)

Legislative General Election 2009 has opening the opportunity to return sovereignty to people. Therefore, in article entitling, Writer interest to study The Crime of legislative general election which formulated in Code Number 10 Year 2008 concerning General Election Of Member of DPR, DPRD, and DPD, and applying of The Crime of General Election in Sub-Province of Banyumas and Purbalingga at GENERAL ELECTION 2009, which conducted by using yuridis normative approach. Pursuant to research, the crime sanction system in general election have the character of cumulative which it is merger of prison sanction and penalty at the same time that imposed to perpetrator. This matter digresses from crime system in KUHP Section 10. 94 of general election crime in Sub-Province of Banyumas and Sub-Province of Purbalingga only 3 processed. Two judge decisions have execution power, whereas the other decision have discharge defendant from all prosecution or ontslag van of ale rechtvervolging (in Sub-Province of Banyumas). Therefore, writer raise recommendation : cause of the number of Parties participant in general election which many collisions in General, so that this code have to reform again, at specially in the case of penalty and prison sanction, and The Stopping of investigation in police level and public attorney don't be easy to conducted.Keyword: general election, crime, sanction, applying of law.

EFEKTIVITAS PIDANA PEMBAYARAN UANG PENGGANTI DALAM TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI (Studi Putusan Tindak Pidana Korupsi di Pengadilan Negeri Purwokerto)

This punishment is proved not effective because there were only two person punished who repaid. The rest failed to do so due either to lack of money or liquid assets. Instead they signed a letter stating their inability to repay the corrupted money and their readiness to undergo subsidiary punishment. The verdicts of Purwokerto regential Court against corruption act during the period between 2004 through 2008 stated that the punished were given additional punishment to repay the corrupted money but not all of them were punished with such additional punishment. The punishment given was without the obligation to repay and verdict of not guilty. There was constraint from the legal aspect. The constraining factors were the difficulty the public attorney faced in tracing the wealth obtained from corruption. There was also the unawareness of the society to report corruption act. Keyword : Legal effectiveness, Repay the corrupted money, Corruption

Beyin Ölümü Gerçekleşmiş Adli Olgularda Organ Transplantasyonunda Adli Tıp Uzmanlarının İnisiyatifi

Bu çalışmada, beyin ölümü gerçekleşmiş adli olgularda hastanın yüksek yararı gözetilerek organ naklinin gerçekleştirilmesi konusunda adli tıp ve hukuk açısından tartışılması amaçlanmıştır. Olgu: 16 yaşmda, erkek, mutfak tüpü ile zehirlenme öyküsü ile Silifke Devlet Hastanesi’den entübe halde Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesine sevk edildiği, yapılan muayenede; bilincin kapalı, pupillerin fiks dilate, ışık refleksinin bilateral (-), GKS’nın 3 olduğu, Reanimasyona yatırıldığı, BT’de subaraknoid kanama, beyin ödemi saptandığı, medikal tedavi başlandığı, tedaviye yanıt vermediği, aile tarafından transplantasyona izin verildiği, 18.04.2007 tarihinde beyin ölümü tanısı konulduğu, operasyon planlandığı belirtilen hastayla ilgili adli olgu ve de transplantasyon için donör olması nedeniyle Adli Tıp Ana-bilim Dalına bilgi verildi. Adli Tıp Anabilim Dalı tarafından Cumhuriyet Savcısı ile yapılan görüşmede; alman organların ölüme katkısının olmasının beklenmeyeceği ve organ nakli için gerekli operasyonun yapılmasından sonra otopsinin yapılabileceği yönünde görüş bildirildi. Cumhuriyet Savcısı tarafından prosedüre onay verildikten sonra operasyona alındı. Operasyon sonrası ölü muayene ve otopsi işlemi yapıldı. Adli ölüm olgularında organ transplantasyonu söz konusu olduğunda postmortem muayenenin ne zaman yapılacağı, ölüm ihbarının transplantasyondan önce mi yoksa sonra mı yapılacağı gibi problemler yaşanabilmektedir. Alıcı hastanın yüksek yararı prensibi ile 2238 sayılı kanunun ll.maddesinde belirtilen “yaşamı organ ve doku nakline bağlı olan kişilere ve naklinde ivedilik ve tıbbi zorunluluk bulunan durumlar” kavramı göz önünde bulundurularak donör olan adli olgularda süreçte Adli Tıp Anabilim Dallarının etkin rol alması gerektiğini düşünmekteyiz.Anahtar kelimeler: Beyin ölümü, organ transplantasyonu, adli olgu

Inserção da saúde nos estudos de impacto ambiental: o caso de uma termelétrica a carvão mineral no Ceará

The study discusses the inclusion of health in the evaluation of environmental impacts to allow actors potentially involved in decision-making to determine the need and technological and geographic adequacy of projects ahead of implementation. The point of departure was a request from the Public Attorney to the Federal University of Ceará to analyze the project of a coal-fired power plant to be built within the Port of Pecém Industrial Compound in Ceará State, Brazil. The methodology included a description of the social and historical context of the area, a bibliographical study of health and environmental impacts and dialogues with affected communities, followed by an analysis of state environmental guidelines for this type of enterprise. The results shows the main categories of analysis identified and proposed additions to current regulations intended to anticipate relations between production processes, the environment and an uneven distribution of health impacts. Besides, it also assesses the need to advance the development of the approach in order to subsidize and democratize decision-making processes closer to actual circumstances in the present and near future.

Sistem Peradilan Pidana Progresif; Alternatif dalam Penegakan Hukum Pidana

There will be some implications if progressive law idea is applied on the criminal law judiciary system to enforce the law. The implications are firstly, the police will not use the written law as primary instrument in combating crimes, but they are going to place forward the conscience, secondly, unloading coherent characteristic at public attorney, that is bureaucratic sentralistic, and go into effect the comando system embracing responsibility hierachie, and thirdly, the court ( judge ) should not handle the case only based on written law but also placed forward on conscience, because the law is created for the citizen and not inversed. The task of the judges are not only as technical Acts but they are also as a social creature.

Vanredni pravni lekovi u parničnom postupku de lege ferenda

The author in his work presents current solutions in the Legal Proceedings Law pertaining to the issue of extraordinary legal remedies. He points out the weaknesses and obsoleteness of certain legal solutions and renders concrete proposals to amend these provisions, all with the goal of faster and more efficient case solving in legal proceedings. Inspection and repeat procedures should undergo considerable changes, and request to protect legality submitted by the state i.e. public attorney should be completely omitted as remnant of the past.

Crimes de sonegação fiscal e a extinção da punibilidade

O artigo principia com o conceito de sonegação fiscal e sua natureza jurídica, apresentando posteriormente o conceito, a evolução legislativa e o procedimento da representação fiscal, onde aborda inclusive a questão de o Ministério Público estar ou-não vinculado a ela para poder propor a denúncia. A extinção da punibilidade pelo pagamento da exação antes do recebimento da denúncia é o tópico seguinte do artigo, que analisa a perspectiva legal do tributo ser ou-não considerado como pagamento para fins de extinção da punibilidade.

Corporativismo estatal e societal: Estatuto do Ministério Público e proposta de Defensoria-Geral da Justiça

O artigo procura recuperar as ideias da representacao e da legitimidade ligadas ao tema do sufragio universal e bem delimitar os contornos do conceito de legitimacao para o fim de criticar o estatuto constitucional e legal do Ministerio Publico no Brasil e propor a conformacao de um orgao mais compativel com a ideia de um corporativismo societal - em contraposicao aquele estatal -, a Defensoria-Geral da Justica. Discorre sobre as consequencias do Principio Democratico constitucionalmente conformado sobre a configuracao dos instrumentos de garantia dos direitos fundamentais, propondo uma organizacao do poder judiciario ou judicial mais compativel com tais principios e a institucionalizacao da acao civil publica e da acao direta de inconstitucionalidade (com as caracteristicas de uma verdadeira acao) como instrumentos basilares, restaurados o principio democratico, e a representacao e a legitimidade atentas ao imperativo constitucional do sufragio. Preocupa-se com a ideia de formacao dos profissionais juridicos, em face do conceito de civilizacao e da participacao e controle da sociedade sobre tal formacao. Propoe a ampliacao da legitimidade para a propositura de acao direta de inconstitucionalidade e a reconfiguracao da legitimidade para a propositura da acao civil publica, restaurando a natureza e o regime juridicos dos interesses sociais, coletivos e difusos, distinguindo-os do interesse publico enquanto interesse estatal.