Public Administration Institutions Research Articles

Caracterización del mandato de los directivos públicos en Ecuador. Una aproximación a su gestión desde los ciclos de desempeño y aprendizaje

This article aims to identify the characteristics of the mandate of public sector managers in Ecuador. For this purpose, an exploratory and descriptive study is carried out based on the manager´s life cycle approach, which shows an inverted U-shaped relationship between tenure and performance. A survey is used as a data collection instrument in which subordinates are consulted regarding the performance of managers. This was applied to 52 public servants, experts in the subject, who collaborate in 33 public administration institutions. The analysis addresses the management of the authorities by differentiating their time in office, which is categorized as: less than 1 year, between 1 and 3 years, between 3 and 5 years and more than 5 years. As a result, their mandate is characterized from aspects related to their commitment, knowledge of the task, diversity of information used, interest in the task and power. It is evident that for managers at political-administrative levels, similar characteristics to the stages described are observed, such as response to the mandate and experimentation in periods between one and five years.

Internal governmental performance and accountability in Canada: Insights and lessons for post‐pandemic improvement

AbstractThis article summarizes and expands on the work of one of three dialogue study teams organized by the Canada School of Public Service (CSPS), Institute of Public Administration of Canada (IPAC), and the Canadian Association of Programs in Public Administration (CAPPA). The Internal Accountability Dialogue Study Team explored the rationale and effects of the performance management regime of the Canadian federal government starting the fall of 2021. In particular, the study team wanted to know whether and in what ways the performance management regime provided information and other support to decision‐makers during the pandemic, and in what ways the efficacy of the function post‐pandemic could be improved. It found that despite promises to bolster accountability and decision‐making, and to foster a learning culture within government, it was subject to a strong control orientation reminiscent of traditional public administration (TPA) that obstructed its potential to contribute in effective ways. If anything, practitioners indicated that performance reporting was something to be avoided rather than embraced raising concerns about the usefulness of the function. The article concludes that performance management ought to be revisited with a clear orientation to learning rather than control, which may restore confidence in its relevance for decision‐making.

A Study on Training Effectiveness and Academic Staffs Performance in Higher Learning Institutions in Zanzibar

Training has become an essential part of today’s successful businesses of any nature and not only for acquiring capabilities but for focusing on the effectiveness with linking to employee performance and retention. This paper examines the training effectiveness and performance of academic staff in higher learning institutions with case observation at the Institute of Public Administration Zanzibar. The study specifically determines the contribution of training outcomes to the level of academic performance of staff in the Institute of Public Administration and examines the trends of training schemes for the academic staff and their influence within the institute. A descriptive survey approach was employed to tackle the target and a survey questionnaire was used as a tool to gather data together with interviews and documentary review to elicit the information from the sample. Fairly representative samples of 115 respondents who make up 10% of the total population were chosen from academic staff trainees, non-academic staff, and students. The qualitative data were subjected to analysis through Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) and quantitative data were summarized in tables and charts. The findings revealed that existing staff training has a positive contribution to the academic performance in the institute with 83%. In addition, there is an existence of training opportunities for employees of the Institute but the institute has no specific schedule for staff training. The findings also show that getting on Design Quarterly Staff Training on Specific Institution Needs, Conduct Needs Assessment for Long Term and Short Term Training, Prepare Sufficient Budget for Staff Training, Benchmarking the Performance Outcomes Prior and Post Staff Training, Developing the Measurable Performance Indicators and Conduct Continually Performance Assessment is very important to the Institution academic staffs. These results show that the management of the Institute should set up a training policy that will include a well-designed training schedule for the academic staff. Also, the institute should conduct training Needs Assessments for long-term and short-term training in order to identify the effective training for its staff and design quarterly staff training on specific institutional needs.

E-Management as a Game Changer in Local Public Administration

The rapid development of digital technologies provides an efficient way to overcome the drawbacks of traditional management. E-management, a new form of management, is attracting much attention worldwide. The current research is aimed at examining the development of e-management in public sector organizations and anticipating possible alternatives for solving e-management problems. We use a qualitative strategy to explain the concept, specifics, benefits, drivers, situation, and progress of e-management in the public sector. Based on interviews with managers at local public administration institutions in Lithuania, we conclude that e-management in municipalities until the COVID-19 pandemic was applied only in exceptional cases due to legislation and workplace stationarity. However, at the moment, e-management in municipality administrations is treated not as an alternative but as the only possible choice.

공직가치와 조직시민행동 간의 관계에서 목표명확성과 직무명확성의 조절효과 검증

This study aims for exploring the relationship between public services value and organizational citizenship behavior and investigating the moderating effects of goal and job clarity on this relationship. On the basis of the person-organization and person-job fit theories, we examined the impact of public services value on organizational citizenship behavior and how goal and job clarity condition the relationship between public service value and organizational citizenship behavior, building on the contingency theory in the Korean government. To test our hypotheses, we analyzed data from the 2020 Public Employee Perception Survey administered by the Korea Institute of Public Administration, using the hierarchical linear regression method. The statistical results showed a positive association between public service value and organizational citizenship behavior. Further analysis revealed that goal and job clarity enhanced the positive relationship between public service value and organizational citizenship behavior. Accordingly, our findings imply that to facilitate organizational citizenship behavior in public sector organizations, public managers must implement human resource management practices to internalize public service value in public employees and make organizational goals and jobs clear.

잠재프로파일 분석을 적용한 직무 스트레스 원인에 따른 유형 분류

Purpose The purpose of this study is to classify the types according to office worker''s job stressors and to explore the relationship between influencing factors and outcome factors. Methods We was conducted the latent profile analysis, used the 2020 Public Employee Perception Survey collected by the Korea Institute of Public Administration. Results The five latent profiles according to job stressors were classified. The influence of predictors determining the classification of each profile was verified, and differences in the level of innovation behavior, job performance, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction according to each group classification were confirmed. Conclusion Based on the findings, the theoretical and practical implications were discussed.

National Corporate University of ASN: Orchestrating Strategic Competency Development at the National Level

State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) have inspired the National Institute of Public Administration in designing and creating a corporate university for national civil service – the National Corporate University of ASN. This corporate university aims to accelerate the development of civil service competencies in line with national development goals. This university is different from general corporate universities that have been implemented in several government agencies as well as SOEs. Although details about the corporate university have been disseminated several times across various stakeholders, there are still misinterpretations regarding on it. This paper explains the urgency of having such a corporate university as an instrument in orchestrating the national strategy through competency development. A descriptive qualitative apprach was used and data were collected through discussions with experts and corporate practitioners, and through reviewing the literature related to the concept of corporate universities. It was found that the scope of this corporate university includes: National leadership development programs, cross-agency strategic competency development programs, and knowledge management and learning management systems that support implementation. The results of this study will be used as a reference in subjects related to corporate universities as well as for policy recommendations for corporate university practitioners.
 Keywords: corporate university, National Corporate University of ASN, competency development

Implementing Corporate University Learning Methods to Accelerate the Foreign Language Competency of Indonesian Government Employees

Programs focusing on improving working practices during the pandemic, including competency development programs in higher education and government institutions, have been marked by a sense of urgency and creativity. This study explored the planned implementation of corporate university learning methods to help Indonesian government employees improve their foreign language skills. The research began with examining the training environment prior to the pandemic and how the pandemic altered the learning models. We wanted to know how the ASN Corporate University learning model influenced motivation to learn foreign languages. Secondly, we wanted to explore which learning experiences could help Indonesian State Civil Apparatus employees improve their foreign language skills. According to our review of the literature, systems likely will not return to their pre-pandemic state. As a result, future methods will need to include both substance-based and project-based approaches. The corporate university learning model best exemplifies the application of techniques focused on employees. As a result, the study only looked at a small portion of the competency development offered by the corporate university model: job-related competency development. Data were collected through an online survey of 126 State Civil Apparatus employees who worked for the Indonesian National Institute of Public Administration. Learning methods examined included giving a presentation in a foreign language, participating in international events, and fostering international cooperation. Across all methods, intrinsic motivation was found to be more prevalent than extrinsic motivation. Of all the methods tested, respondents were the most eager to participate in international events. These results should be considered in the design of future workplace foreign language learning.
 Keywords: corporate university, competency, development, motivation

Guideline for the investigation of viral hepatitis A outbreak (version 2021)

In China, the incidence rate of Hepatitis A has decreased from 56/100 000 in 1991 to 1.05/100 000 in 2020. The number of Hepatitis A outbreaks in China has decreased significantly, however, it has also happened in the last 5 years, and the risk still remains. In order to strengthen the technical guidance for the investigation and control of Hepatitis A outbreak, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC) organized experts in related fields to compile this guideline. The main contents included outbreak definition, outbreak detecting and reporting, outbreak investigation and response, making conclusion and communication. This guideline is intended for use by staff at public health administrative departments, medical and health institutions, centers for disease control and prevention, health supervision agencies at different levels, and other relevant institutions, units and individuals. China CDC will update this guideline periodically based on the progress in this field and feedbacks during the implementation of this guideline.

Customs institutions development strategy: design and implementation issues

Today, quality requirements for customs administration are increasing, but customs technology is not sufficiently productive: with the accumulated experience of solving management tasks, there is no modern, unified methodological support for strategic planning in this area. There is an urgent need to develop and implement a new concept, strategy or development programme for the Federal Customs Service of the Russian Federation in the context of quantitative and expert forecasts for the long term. The aim of the study was to analyse the existing approaches and methodological support used to research and develop strategic planning documents on national (economic) security of the Russian Federation, and to substantiate proposals and approaches to the design of strategies and programmes for the development of public administration and administration institutions in terms of foreign economic and customs activities. The methodological basis of the study was a comparative analysis of Russian and foreign experience in addressing development challenges in the customs sphere. On the basis of the generalised experience of theoretical approaches, recommendations and practices of strategic planning documents development the qualitative expertise of the structure of key normative-legal documents, on the basis of which the customs authorities carry out their activities, has been carried out. The problem areas of the process of design and modernization of the structure of documents in the field of customs administration are identified and recommendations for their adjustment are presented. It is proposed to apply intelligent systems of computer-aided designing and to transit from model of static designing of customs institutions to model of operative controlling of spheres of foreign economic and customs activity and dynamic (continuous) designing of customs systems on principles of self-organisation and self-development.

ASSESSMENT OF PEOPLE CRITERIA IN PUBLIC SECTOR: A TALE DOCUMENTED THROUGH LENS OF CAF

Growing trends such as globalization, internationalization, and diversity management have increased the use of HRM practices in the South Asian region. In the recent past, various reform initiatives taking place have propelled the public sector HRM in an opportunistic direction. HRM in Pakistan is still passing through a preliminary phase. The culture in Pakistan's public sector organization is highly centralized and bureaucratic with political interference on practices. It is a descriptive study framed in a mixed-method approach. A comparative analysis has been conducted of three semi-autonomous state-owned enterprises of Pakistan which are Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA), Water and Sanitation Agency (WASA), and Sui Northern Gas Pipelines Limited (SNGPL). The current research's theoretical bases are taken from the revised version of CAF 2013 model by the European Institute of Public Administration. The research objectives are twofold: To study the people criterion of CAF in WAPDA, WASA and SNGPL, and to determine the strengths and weaknesses of these enterprises required to identify areas of improvement. The qualitative data will be collected through 45 in-depth interviews; analyzed through thematic analysis. The quantitative data is analyzed through scores given by interviewers and documentary secondary evidence. The current research will be significant as it will assist other public sector organizations in using quality management techniques and improve the performance of their organizations by following the footsteps of WAPDA, WASA, and SNGPL. Keywords: HRM system; Pakistan; Common Assessment Framework; Public sector. JEL Codes: M10; O15

IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF COMPETENCE FORMATION RELATED TO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ASPECTS OF NATIONAL SECURITY AMONG THE APPLICANTS OF HIGHER EDUCATION

The aim of the article is to study the current state of formation by institutions of higher education in Ukraine of competencies related to state-management aspects of national security in applicants for higher education to staff state authorities and local governments, as well as the private sector with specialists-administrators capable of solving complex problems in the determining areas of national security (political, economic, social and humanitarian). Methodology. The methodological basis of the study are modern general and special methods of scientific knowledge, including: analysis (in the study of educational and professional (EPP) programs and educational and scientific programs (ESP) to identify components aimed at forming the competencies of higher education applicants related to public and management aspects of national security); generalization, synthesis and prediction (to summarize the materials worked out and formulate conclusions and recommendations based on the results of the study). Results. The results of the analysis of a number of educational and professional and educational-scientific programs for the specialties 281 "Public Administration and Management" and 256 "National Security (in certain areas of security and types of activity)" allowed us to conclude that the lack of educational components to form competencies related to public and management aspects of national security in future management specialists in existing educational programs for specialty 281 "Public Administration and Management". Practical implications. The analysis shows that the training of applicants for higher education in the specialty 256 "National Security (in certain areas of security and types of activity)" is almost entirely aimed at the training of military specialists, despite the need of public authorities and local governments in specialists – managers in this specialty. Value/originality. The author presented to the scientific community developed with her participation educational and professional and educational and scientific programs on specialty 256 "National Security (in certain areas of security and types of activity)" for the first (bachelor) and second (master) levels of higher education (full-time and part-time forms of training), which are expected to begin, since 2022-2023 academic year, the training of management specialists for the determining areas of national security at the at the Educational and Scientific Institute of Public Administration and Civil Service of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv.

The hashtag as a tool to set up a governmental agenda

ICTs are accelerators and amplifiers of change. They are redefining how we interact with each other and the world around us, a specific application is social media, which facilitate real-time communications, data exchange and immediate feedback by institutions to stakeholders and viceversa. In order to apply the principle of inclusiveness, the current Ecuadorian administration, with 18 months in the power, has adopted the slogan "the government of all" to spread their activities through the public administration institutions. One of its main communication channels is social media through the microblogging platform of Twitter. Where public institutions and political leaders are sharing their daily activities through posts, videos, images and so on.
 The main purpose of this paper is to identify in Twitter during the period of 30 days (October 2018) how often is used the hashtag #ElGobiernoDeTodos (translation, The government of All) for which Ecuadorian institutions, in what contexts, and in what type of themes. As well as recognize if there are persistent themes into the analyzed posts to assume whether there is an agenda through that or it is just an individual effort from every institution to fulfill their communications need for sharing information.

Post-pandemic Trends in the Development of Social State Institutions

The article analyzes the new conditions and institutions of socio-economic dynamics developing under the influence of COVID-19 and overcoming its consequences. New directions of the macro-management system are actualized by the economic recession that arose under the influence of COVID-19 and the previous depressive rates of economic growth. Social conditions and tensions have predetermined the growth of the state's participation in socio-economic development, the formation of new institutional trends. Transformation of public administration institutions is due to the long-term influence of the characteristics of the information society and the conceptualization of modern sustainable growth in the areas of welfare, poverty reduction, and ecology. In the Russian Federation, a transition is underway to a new form of institutional regulation of socio-economic dynamics based on a system of medium-term strategic planning in the range from the development of key long-term development strategies to the operational management of specific projects. The modern national development goals and their indicators are presented, the existing risks of strategic planning are structured, which require consideration when developing subsequent system solutions. The current principles of the welfare state have been clarified, institutional innovations in the organization of social protection of the population are shown in the context of strategic planning, the interaction of federal and regional authorities in the problem field of social assistance and social insurance of the population.

Актуальные вопросы определения индикаторов доверия граждан к власти

The subject of this study is the main indicators that determine the level of trust of citizens in the government. The purpose of this work is to identify indicators showing the trust of citizens in public administration institutions. In the course of the research, the authors used general scientific and private scientific methods, technologies and approaches of sociology and political science, which include systemic, structural and functional approaches, methods of analysis and synthesis, classification and generalization. The authors conclude that the problem of studying the formation and development of citizens' trust in the government is quite relevant, especially in the context of the implementation of election campaigns; the proposed indicators allow assessing the degree of public confidence in the management system and require further research.

지방분권에 의한 공무원의 정부 간 관계 인식

The purpose of this study is to identify recognition of the relationship between public officials and intergovernmental rulership through decentralization. Through the analysis of the mediating effects of the cooperative relationships, the study was able to derive direct and indirect influences and relative priorities of each factor. For this study, the data of the ‘2020 Public Officials Perception Survey on Intergovernmental Relations’ from the Korea Institute of Public Administration and Security was used and applied to: have a regression analysis, analyze through Baron & Kenny(1986) 3-steps, and verify the mediating effect through the Sobel-test. The analysis verified that all factors of decentralization do carry a significant influence on ‘cooperative relationship’, but only ‘finance’ and ‘dispute settlement’ were known to have specifically significant influences on ‘recognition of intergovernmental relations’, and ‘cooperation.’ The result analyzed that the rest of factors carry a partial mediation that has a direct and indirect influence through mediation. Factors influencing the perception of intergovernmental relations are determined by the relative views of each government. The importance of finance is permanent and unchanging throughout, and dispute settlement due to the increase in regional administration(decentralization) and policy linkage reflects complex and diversified social flows. Thus, the study showed a need for advanced administrative skills and capabilities. Based on these circumstances, a cooperative relationship can be formed, but more importantly, the establishment of a cooperative relationship in cultural aspect rather than a policy-level must be done in order to form recognition of a rational relationship between governments by decentralization.

From Neo-Weberian to Hybrid Governance Models in Public Administration: Differences between State and Local Self-Government

Public administration and public governance play a crucial role in society today by ensuring that social needs are met. Due to the constantly changing environment, public governance models have transformed many times, creating differences in public governance practices among public administration institutions, with combinations of contradictory structures and principles that coexist. Accordingly, this paper aims to provide an overview of different public governance models, extract quantifiable elements based on models’ principles and examine the extent of layering of different governance models at different levels of public administration in the specific case of the Slovenian administration. Thus, the main focus is on identifying the differences in characteristics of public governance practices between state administration and local self-government. The results show state administration institutions are more strongly characterised by the Neo-Weberian model’s principles. In contrast, local self-government institutions are more oriented to managerial public governance and Digital-Era Governance practices. Public managers may regard the results as additional resources for democratic and efficient governing. At the same time, they may provide policymakers with in-depth insights to consider while determining the trajectories of future public administration reforms.

Intentions of Students to Continue Using Virtual Desktop Infrastructure: Expectation Confirmation Model Perspective

This predictive correlational study investigated the extent to which the expectation confirmation model can predict the intention of students to continue using virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI). It also examined the relationships of satisfaction, perceived usefulness, and the confirmation level with the intention to continue using. The data were collected through an e-questionnaire in which 367 male and female students from the Institute of Public Administration (IPA) participated. They had previously used computer applications and software through the VDI for a number of their courses. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the hypotheses. The results indicated that satisfaction and perceived usefulness were statistically significant in predicting that the students intended to continue VDI use. The confirmation level indirectly predicted the students’ intention to continue using VDI through its effect on satisfaction and perceived usefulness. The findings suggest that it is important to improve learning experiences through VDI to raise students’ satisfaction due to its impact on their intention to continue using VDI. The study also recommends that more research be conducted in the field of VDI to explore other factors that explain and contribute to continued VDI use.

Organisational Ethics Management to Combat Corruption in the South African Public Sector

The purpose of this study is to develop organisational ethics and encourage an ethical culture in the South African public sector. Systematization of the literary sources and approaches for solving the problem of corruption indicates the need to observe the principles of organizational ethics to provide and preserve the circumstances necessary to support the integrity of democratic institutions and processes. The relevance of this scientific problem decision is that this study intends to adhere to ethical principles stipulated in Section 195 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, stipulating that democratic principles shall guide South Africa’s governmental administration. These goals may be achieved by implementing a strong organizational ethics management system. Investigation in the paper is conducted in the following logical sequence: an overview of corruption in the South African public sector is explored, followed by an explanation regarding the significance of organizational ethics management in reducing corruption. The methodological tools of the research methods include a desktop study of the existing literature and official legislation and regulatory documents required for the research. Organizational ethics management was theoretically and contextually analyzed utilizing qualitative research methodologies and trend analysis. The results show that although the South African government has implemented remedial procedures to address unethical behavior in the public sector, the study found that financial mismanagement and corruption continue to predominate investigations, commissions of inquiry, and the media. These occurrences also include non-compliance with laws and regulations. Furthermore, disciplinary procedures are implemented improperly, and supervision mechanisms are not properly used or enforced. Based on the research results, proposals for policy changes and a list of priority corrective measures specific to the South African situation are made. The provided practical recommendations to support an ethical environment in the South African public sector may be helpful for representatives of the public administration and other public institutions. Although the subject of corruption is not new, it still needs ongoing dialogue and participation between academics, legislators, and policymakers to come up with solutions tailored to each nation.

Вопросы выбора модели управления стратегическим прорывом в эпоху развития интеллектуального инвестиционного воспроизводства с применением искусственного интеллекта

The issues of choosing a model of public administration in the context of the development of intellectual investment reproduction cycles during the transition to a new intellectual technological order have been studied. Generators for the formation of synchronized investment reproduction cycles based on digital systems with artificial intelligence are considered. The target software bases for managing investment cycles using digital systems with artificial intelligence are formulated. New approaches to managing intellectual investment reproduction cycles are identified based on the formation of the National model of state management of intellectual reproduction in a new technological order in synchronization with the use of artificial intelligence. The issues of creating a complex model of strategic management of intellectual investment reproduction cycles in order to break into the era of intellectual reproduction based on the formation of mechanisms for synchronizing the management of investment reproduction with artificial intelligence development systems are considered. It is substantiated that the development of reproductive investment cycles is especially relevant in the current conditions of increasing external economic sanctions, when it is necessary to invest and develop in synchronous interaction the systemically forming production stages of an inextricable reproduction cycle. In the era of digitalization of the economy and the need for a balanced development of production, systems with artificial intelligence are becoming the most effective management tool. The directions for the implementation of mechanisms for managing investment cycles in import substitution have been updated. It is recommended to develop complete intellectual reproduction cycles that realize economic growth by transforming traditional “import substitution production chains” through the development of new intelligent in-vestment reproduction cycles. The effective application of intellectual investment cycles is inevitable in the strategically foreseeable future when implementing the National Model of Social and Market Development of Russia on the basis of public-private partnerships and intellectual institutions of public administration in a new technological order. The requirements for ensuring reliable economic security of the country in the face of defense challenges and increasing external sanctions that counteract the implementation of a new economic strategy for stable growth by ensuring the digital quality of public administration using artificial intelligence are formulated.