BackgroundMental health encompasses subjective well-being (SWB) as well as psychopathology (PP). SWB and PP are related but separate domains: some individuals experience high SWB despite high PP, and others experience low SWB despite minimal PP. Given substantial and heterogeneous developmental changes in both domains during adolescence, examining their co-developmental trajectories may clarify how they integrate across this period.MethodsUsing data from the Tokyo Teen Cohort (N = 2994), a population-based prospective birth cohort study, we conducted parallel process latent class growth analysis to cluster SWB–PP trajectories at ages 10, 12, 14, and 16 years. We then investigated various sociodemographic, individual, familial, and socioenvironmental correlates for each class.ResultsWe identified four distinct classes: high SWB–low PP (55.0%), high SWB–mid PP (20.2%), low SWB–mid PP (17.0%), and mid SWB–high PP (7.7%). SWB declined from ages 10 to 16 years across all four classes. Lower PP did not necessarily correspond to higher SWB, and in some pairs of classes, the relationship between SWB and PP levels was reversed. When comparing the two classes with moderate PP, higher aspirations, more prosocial behavior, and better interpersonal relationships were associated with the high SWB class. In contrast, being female and having a higher household income were associated with the low SWB class.ConclusionsDiscrepant SWB–PP trajectories suggest characteristic patterns of developmental integration between these domains during adolescence. Considering their interplay may complement domain-specific approaches and inform psychosocial supports aimed at maintaining SWB even in the presence of PP.

In this narrative review, some main points have been addressed. This is to better understand the daily clinical reality. The points are the following: alcohol use disorder (AUD) is not a "self-inflicted disease" but a clinical problem that derives from an incorrect lifestyle; possible presence of psychiatric pathology; possible presence of previous traumas; link with the substance (addiction). This review is based on a detailed analysis of the scientific literature published before January 31, 2025 and examining the most recent guidelines or position papers on alcohol use disorder treatment (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar). The alcohol problem is identified with addiction, ignoring that the close "bond" with the substance is acquired through a continuum that slips into slavery. The starting points of consumption are innumerable: pure pleasure, self-medication (psycho pathology, traumas, etc.), improvement of the relationship, etc. Also, for neuro-physio-pathological reasons, the concept of "self-inflicted disease" ceases to exist, especially when the onset of substance use is promoted and favored by society itself. During AUD, previous traumas, individual or social stresses favor, support and create the conditions to "defend" alcohol consumption. However, the self-referential release of alcohol represents the rule and if the primum movens is removed, the addictive experience is unlikely to end. Furthermore, the pharmacodynamic profile of alcohol is able to cause the phenomenology of the main psychotic symptoms in a way that is completely superimposable to that presented by subjects without a history of alcohol use disorder. We do not know whether the chicken or the egg came first. The distinction between use and induced disorders is fundamental but, in fact, not always practicable because, often, the induction of symptoms by the substance cannot be excluded, given that there is not a sufficient period of abstinence. Therefore, it is possible to confuse an induced disorder with a phenomenon of comorbidity, and therefore overestimate the dual diagnosis. It is important to understand whether or not a psychiatric problem is present, define the diagnosis and use the right pharmacological therapy at the lowest possible dosage. Neglecting it means undermining the therapeutic-rehabilitative path. In light of the scientific evidence presented in the present narrative review, it is possible to draw some conclusions. Firstly, AUD should not be considered as a "self-inflicted disease" but a clinical problem that derives from an incorrect lifestyle. Secondly, the possible presence of psychiatric pathology (primary or secondary) must be evaluated after a prolonged period of abstinence. Thirdly, psychotherapeutic activity is effective for the resolution of problems from post-traumatic stress and in helping the patient in motivation and change. Moreover, the treatment of psycho-pathological problems and those related to traumatic/stressful factors facilitates the maintenance of sobriety, but does not represent the key to interpretation. As already stated, "the self-referential release of alcohol and other psychotropic substances represents the rule and it is difficult to conclude the additive experience if the primum movens is removed." The key treatment to significantly address the "pathological bond with the substance" is the frequency and full adherence to self-help groups. The effectiveness is independent of routine pharmacological/psychotherapeutic treatments. Lastly, the number of subjects and family members who currently attend is negligible. For this reason, it is appropriate that services provide themselves with self-help facilitators and train informal caregivers.

Both suicide attempts and aggression aim to cause harm and are associated with numerous personal and societal consequences but differ on intended targets. Aggression towards others is associated with increased risk of suicidal behavior. Research has demonstrated commonalities with impulsiveness and affect regulation for both. This study's purpose was to compare self-regulation between those meeting criteria for a psychiatric condition characterized by unplanned aggression (intermittent explosive disorder [IED]), a lifetime history of a suicide attempt (SA), and those with both (IED+SA), as well as compared to participants meeting criteria for non-aggressive psychopathology (PC) or no psychiatric disorder (HC). Adult community participants (n=735) completed diagnostic assessments and self-report measures on suicidal behaviors, aggression, trait anger, impulsivity, and affect regulation as part of a larger aggression research program. Pairwise comparisons found IED+SA was associated with the highest scores on all outcome variables except compared to IED on anger. IED had higher aggression and anger scores than SA but did not differ on general impulsivity and affect regulation scores. PC did not differ from SA on anger or from IED and SA on affect regulation; PC scored lower on aggression and anger than IED+SA and IED. HC scored lowest on all variables. Such results imply IED with past suicidal behavior may be associated with heightened self-regulation difficulties overall compared to IED alone and non-aggressive psychopathology. Future research may build upon this by further recruiting for both unplanned aggression and suicidal behavior, as well as including comparisons with other impulsivity-related diagnoses.

Abstract Background Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder. Persons with schizophrenia may experience hallucinations, delusions, disorganized behaviors, negative symptoms and disturbance in social functioning. Schizophrenia consists of a range of features. Patients may display improper affect and delusions and as a result, fear and worry may follow. The incidence of depressive episodes is common in schizophrenia, with a common symptomatology. Consequently, the diagnosis of their comorbidity is challenging for both clinicians and researchers. Within this context, the presence of comorbid depression negatively affects quality of life, underlies psycho pathology and the brutality of associated medical conditions 10. In addition, pharmacotherapy of schizophrenic patients with depression is different from that of patients with schizophrenia alone. Objective This study aims to To measure the intensity of suicidal ideations in the patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and co-morbid depression and to compare the severity of depression and suicidal symptoms in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and co-morbid depression who are compliant on treatment regarding taking with conventional or atypical antipsychotics. Patients and Methods Between November 2022 and March 2023 in Ain Shams University, 92 patients attending the General Psychiatry outpatient clinics at Okasha Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University Hospitals (all aged 18–65 years) were interviewed using semi-structured designed questionnaire to assess psychiatric, medical history, medication history, SCID I for diagnosis of schizophrenia and depression according to the DSM-IV, The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) for assessing the presence and severity of depressive symptoms, Beck’s suicidal ideation scale (BSI) for detecting and measuring the current intensity of the patients’ specific attitudes, behaviors, plans to commit suicide, Morisky 8-Item Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS) and Socioeconomic status scale (SES). Results On descriptive analysis between children and adolescents presenting with psychiatric and neurologic complaints The Hamilton depression scale showed significant difference as, median Hamilton depression scale in patients who consumed typical medication 8 with IQR = 5.75 was higher than median Hamilton depression scale in patients who consumed atypical medication 5 with IQR = 3, p-value = 0.002. Meanwhile, Number of previous hospitalizations showed significant association as, median previous hospitalizations in patients who consumed atypical medication 2 with IQR = 2 was higher than median previous hospitalizations in patients who consumed typical medication 1 with IQR = 1, p-value = 0.026. Conclusion In conclusion, the present study suggests that patients with schizophrenia who have not been diagnosed with depression frequently have clinical symptoms of depression, with the possible exception of a contribution from negative symptoms. However, depressive symptoms may be more common in schizophrenic patients treated with typical antipsychotic drugs than in schizophrenic patients treated with atypical.

Background: Comprehensive mental health research is proposed as an important resource for individual well-being, as opposed to indicators of psychopathology. Objectives: We present an approach to the Bidimensional Model of Mental Health (BDSM) that considers psychological distress and subjective well-being as two separate but related dimensions. Methods: In a sample of 290 adults from the community, with 55.2% women and a mean age of 28.6 (Dt = 12.0). Results: The continuous results confirm a two-dimensional structure of psychopathology (PS) and subjective well-being (BS). The proposed model proposes classification into four groups according to the above result, namely, complete mental health (high BS, low PS, 62.2%), vulnerable (low BS, low PS, 11.4%), symptomatic but content (high BS, high PS, 11.4%) and troubled (low BS, high PS, 15%). The categorical results indicate that the problem and symptomatic groups obtained higher mean scores in trait worry, experiential and behavioral avoidance, and in turn, the symptomatic group scored higher in resistance to distress and in the more adaptive cognitive emotional regulation strategies; on the contrary, the vulnerable group obtained lower means in the latter. The results of the vulnerable and symptomatic groups confirm the coexistence of well-being and psychopathology. Conclusions: The promotion of subjective well-being is proposed when considering health in a more comprehensive way, because of its potential to generate profound and lasting benefits for individuals and the community in general.

Coping strategies, competence, and locus of control (LOC) beliefs are important predictors of mental health (MH). However, research into their complex interactions has produced mixed results. Our study investigated them further in the previously unexplored context of clinical high-risk (CHR) of psychosis. We tested six alternative structural equation models in a community sample (N=523), hypothesizing a mediating role of coping and treating CHR symptoms as (i) an additional mediator or (ii) a specific outcome. Our measurement model included two latent factors of MH: (1) psychopathology (PP), consisting of presence of mental disorders, global and psychosocial functioning, and (2) self-rated health (SRH) status. In the model with the best Akaike Information Criterion and the latent factors as outcome variables, maladaptive coping completely mediated the impact of maladaptive LOC on PP and SRH. Additionally, CHR symptoms partially mediated the effect of maladaptive coping on PP and SRH in the community sample, as long as sex was not entered into the model. In the clinical sample (N=371), the model did not support a mediation by CHR symptoms, despite significant pathways with both coping and MH outcomes; further, competence beliefs directly impacted SRH. Coping strategies are an important intervention target for MH promotion, especially in the community. In clinical populations, interventions focusing on coping strategies may improve CHR symptoms, thus potentially supporting better MH, especially SRH. Additionally, due to their mostly cascading effects on MH, improving competence and LOC beliefs may also promote psychological well-being.

Cross-sectional relationships between emotion regulation strategies (ERSs) and several psychopathological conditions among children and adolescents have been well-demonstrated. However, the longitudinal associations of ERSs on psychopathological manifestations during development remain unclear, especially considering their reciprocal influences over time. This meta-analytic review was based on a set of ERSs referring to a comprehensive evidence-based model of ER processes. Three hundred thirty-five studies were screened. The meta-analytic procedures were based on 60 studies (N = 20, 191; age: M [SD] = 10.27 [4.36]; years of follow-up: M [SD] = 2.23 [2.76]), which primarily assessed prospective associations between ERt1 and internalizing/externalizing psychopathology (PSY)t2. The cross-lagged correlations among these variables were also considered. Results showed: i) a small prospective association between ERt1 and PSY t2, which was independent of age and length of follow-up period. Adaptive and maladaptive domains of ER were significant moderators. Deficits in adaptive ER seemed more associated to externalizing PSY, whereas maladaptive ER was more associated to internalizing PSY; ii) cross-lagged correlations were comparable with ERt1 - PSY t2 associations. Nevertheless, the detrimental effects of PSY t1 on levels of adaptive ERt2 were larger than the protective effects of adaptive ERt1 on PSYt2. iii) When the other cross-lagged correlations were controlled for, the meta-analytic cross-lagged panel model demonstrated that maladaptive ERt1 was a significant predictor of PSYt2. ER processes should be considered transdiagnostic risk factors for psychopathology during development. Homotypic and heterotypic continuity of psychopathological conditions might reflect the stability or dynamic organization of adaptive and maladaptive ERSs over time.

No precision medicine models of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and associated mental comorbidities have been developed to date. This observational study aimed to develop a precision nomothetic, data-driven comorbid TLE model with endophenotype classes and pathway phenotypes that may have prognostic and therapeutical implications. We recruited forty healthy controls and 108 TLE patients for this research and assessed TLE and psychopathology (PP) features as well as oxidative stress (OSTOX, e.g., malondialdehyde or MDA, lipid hydroperoxides, and advanced oxidation protein products) and antioxidant (paraoxonase 1 or PON1 status, -SH groups, and total radical trapping potential or TRAP) biomarkers. A large part (57.2%) of the variance in a latent vector (LV) extracted from the above TLE and PP features was explained by these OSTOX and antioxidant biomarkers. The PON1 Q192R genetic variant showed indirect effects on this LV, which were completely mediated by PON1 activity and MDA. Factor analysis showed that a common core could be extracted from TLE, PP, OSTOX and antioxidant scores, indicating that these features are manifestations of a common underlying construct, i.e., a novel pathway phenotype of TLE. Based on the latter, we constructed a new phenotype class that is characterized by increased severity of TLE, PP and OSTOX features and lowered antioxidant defenses. A large part of the variance in episode frequency was explained by increased MDA, lowered antioxidant, and nitric oxide metabolite levels. In conclusion, (a) PP symptoms belong to the TLE phenome, and the signal increased severity; and (b) cumulative effects of aldehyde formation and lowered antioxidants determine epileptogenic kindling.

Depression, Anxiety, and Chronic Fatigue Symptoms in Acute Rheumatoid Arthritis Are Associated With Immune-Inflammatory, Autoimmune, Endogenous Opioid System and Lactosylceramide Signaling Pathways: A Nomothetic Network Approach

Secretory IgA reactivity to acute psychosocial stress in children and adolescents: the influence of childhood maltreatment and psychopthology

The development of self-regulation from birth to adolescence: cognitive mechanisms and implication for psychopathology

Background and Aims. The most common psychiatric conditions in epilepsy are depression, anxiety, behavioral, psychotic disorders, and cognitive disorders as well as those which can be caused by convulsive seizures. The research aimed to define cognitive and affective impairments in patients with epilepsy and methods of its non-pharmacological correction since cognitive impairments and affective disorders have a considerable impact on the functioning of patients, their socialization, and the level of their disability. Methods. We studied the features of clinical and psychopathological manifestations in patients suffering from epilepsy. The study covered 100 patients (47 men and 53 women) who were in inpatient care. The following psychodiagnostic techniques were used: the Toronto Cognitive Assessment TorCA, the test of 10 words of Luria, the MOCA test, the Munsterberg test, the Mini-Mult test, the quality of life scale, the Hamilton scale of depression and anxiety. We used non-pharmacological methods of rehabilitation for correction cognitive impairments in patients with mild and moderate dementia. During the COVID-19 pandemic, patients got access to the online version of cognitive training which was very important during quarantine restrictions. Currently, a group of patients is training remotely. Results. The following data of the study were observed: 88 % of patients had decreased memory, 38% had symptoms of depression, 28% had mild situational or neurotic depression, 8% had moderate depression, 2% had severe depression, 20% had a state of severe anxiety, 16% had symptoms of anxiety. The average rate of quality of life among all examined people was 67.5 out of 100. Conclusions. The results of the conducted research indicate the need for further study of the features of the comorbid pathology in epilepsy and the development and implementation of nonpharmacological methods for treatments of epilepsy. There is a need for further study of the effectiveness of cognitive training in patients with epilepsy.

In Taiwan, few studies have explored the associations between insight and psychopathological dimensions in people with schizophrenia. We aimed to investigate the relationships of clinical insight with different dimensional symptoms in patients with schizophrenia, in addition to clinical variables. This cross-sectional study recruited 90 patients from an acute psychiatric ward from December 2017 to May 2019. We assessed the insight of participants using the Schedule for Assessment of Insight in Psychosis (SIP) and psychopathology using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and its five-factor model. A higher SIP score indicates a poorer insight. In regression analyses, patients' age (t = 3.277, p = 0.002), family history (t = -2.773, p = 0.007), Clinical Global Impressions Scale- Improvement (t = 2.268, p = 0.026), and negative (t = 2.667, p = 0.009), disorganized (t = 2.021, p = 0.047), excited (t = 3.087, p = 0.003), and depressed symptoms (t = -3.950, p ＜ 0.001) were significantly associated with the SIP score. In conclusion, patients with greater insight in the acute phase were associated with younger age, a positive family history, greater improvement of symptoms, less-severe negative symptoms, less-severe disorganized symptoms, less-severe excited symptoms, and more-severe depressed symptoms, but not with cognitive or executive function.

On the perspectives of psychopathology and anthropology

Altered aversive learning represents a potential mechanism through which childhood trauma (CT) might influence risk for psychopathology. This study examines the temporal dynamics of neural activation and patterns of functional connectivity during aversive learning in children with and without exposure to CT involving interpersonal violence, and evaluates whether these neural patterns mediate the association of CT with psychopathology in a longitudinal design. 147 children (aged 8-16 years, 77 with CT) completed a fear conditioning procedure during an fMRI scan. Dynamic patterns of neural activation were examined, and functional connectivity was assessed with generalized psychophysiological interaction analyses. We evaluated whether the associations between CT and psychopathology symptoms at baseline and two-year follow-up were mediated by neural activation and connectivity during aversive learning. Children exposed to trauma displayed blunted patterns of neural activation over time to CS+>CS- in right amygdala. Additionally, trauma was associated with reduced functional connectivity of right amygdala with hippocampus, posterior parahippocampal gyrus, and posterior cingulate cortex and elevated connectivity with anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) to CS+>CS-. The longitudinal association between CT and later externalizing symptoms was mediated by blunted activation in right amygdala. Reduced amygdala-hippocampal connectivity mediated the association of CT with transdiagnostic anxiety symptoms, and elevated amygdala-ACC connectivity mediated the association of CT with generalized anxiety symptoms. Childhood trauma is associated with poor threat-safety discrimination and altered functional coupling between salience and default mode network regions during aversive learning. These altered dynamics may be key mechanisms linking CT with distinct forms of psychopathology.

Aim of the study was to explore the psychological well-being of Norcia’s teachers and students 3 years after the earthquake, and to verify the effectiveness of the Pennebaker’s expressive writing intervention (EWI) on a group of high-school students. In the first step of the study a drawing participative action-intervention, lasting three days, was carried out with twelve teachers of primary, middle and high school and their students. From the first step, emerged fear and anxiety related to the earthquake, and that the sense of belonging to Norcia community appeared to be an integrative factor against the dissociative feelings of the trauma. Starting from these results, in the second step of the study, the EWI was carried out on a sample of 18 high-school students. The participants were instructed to write for three days about feelings related to Norcia earthquake (experimental group) and about a non-emotional account of daily activities (control group). Before (T0) and 1 month after (T1) the EWI, levels of anxiety, the depression, the trauma symptom, dissociation, post-traumatic growth were measured. Moreover, the territorial sense of community was assessed at T0. Results of the second steps showed that the writing intervention did not reduce the psychopathological symptoms of the experimental group. However, it emerged that the sense of community could be a protective factor against the depression symptoms and could have an important facilitating role for the post-traumatic growth.

may indicate the existence of underlying mental health problems or traumas that either give rise or exacerbate fetishism.

Clinical manifestations of psycho pathology conditions of as non motor symptoms of multiply sclerosis

Esse estudo teve como objetivo investigar a associacao de sintomas psicopatologicos entre criancas e cuidadores. Este e um estudo quantitativo e transversal. Para a avaliacao, utilizou-se o Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL/6-18) e o Adult Self-Report (ASR), inventarios que avaliam aspectos clinicos e de funcionamento da crianca e dos responsaveis, respectivamente. Participaram 70 adultos que preencheram ambos inventarios. Os dados foram analisados no programa Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), versao 24.0. Os sintomas avaliados basearam-se nas variaveis dos inventarios. Os resultados apresentam correlacao positiva entre as sintomatologias ansiedade/depressao, isolamento/depressao, problemas somaticos, problemas internalizantes, problemas externalizantes e total de problemas entre responsaveis e criancas. Houve discrepância na classificacao dos escores entre adultos e criancas nas variaveis ansiedade/depressao e total de problemas. Percebe-se que houve correlacao positiva entre a presenca de sintomatologia psicopatologica dos cuidadores e a existencia dos mesmos sintomas nas criancas. Esses achados vao ao encontro de estudos que apontam a importância de estudar o componente familiar como fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de sintomas de transtornos mentais na infância. Frente a isso, torna-se necessario considerar os fatores de protecao e risco ao avaliar e planejar o tratamento para o publico infanto-juvenil.

O Transtorno de Acumulação de Animal (TAA) é caracterizado como uma manifestação especial do Transtorno de Acumulação e uma psicopatologia com impacto significativo em aspectos da personalidade do indivíduo. O objetivo deste estudo é investigar traços de personalidade em indivíduos com Transtorno de Acumulação de Animal com o Teste de Casa-Árvore-Pessoa (HTP). O teste também procura identificar correlações entre traços de personalidade e quantidade total de animais, e o tipo de animal que está sendo acumulado. A amostra foi composta por 29 participantes com TAA, com idade média de 61,39 anos (DP = 12,69) e 69% eram mulheres. O número médio de animais por domicílio foi de 55,35 (DP = 17,75), entre cães e gatos. As respostas mais frequentes observadas no HTP foram: abstinência (f = 88), ansiedade (f = 77), organicidade (f = 70), regressão (f = 69), insegurança (f = 57), rigidez (f = 53) e necessidade de segurança (f = 44). Foram encontradas correlações entre os Traços de Personalidade Disfuncionais e o tipo de animal acumulado. O instrumento HTP foi adequado para avaliar as características dessa amostra, apontando para a possibilidade de um perfil de personalidade para esses acumuladores.