Gaslighting in parent-child relationships: Psychometric validation and longitudinal associations with depressive symptoms in Chinese samples.

Development and Validation of CLARITY (Clinical and Life-impact Assessment of RadiologY): A Patient-Reported Outcome Measure for Medical Imaging - Study Protocol.

Development and validation of the Clinical Nursing Knowledge Questionnaire-15 (CNKQ-15) for assessing contraceptive knowledge among nurses.

The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is a widely used tool for assessing depressive symptoms. This study examined its psychometric properties in a sample of 1738 university students in Bogotá. Instrumental study with a cross-sectional, single-center design with two-stage sampling. Exploratory and two-factor factorial analyses were applied, along with reliability estimates and subgroup analyses by gender and social stratum. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a three-factor structure (depressive affect, positive affect, and social aspects), which explained 56% of the total variance. The KMO index was 0.95, and Bartlett's sphericity test was significant (χ2=17,902.82, df=190, p<0.001). The bifactor model showed a strong overall factor (hierarchical omega=0.85; ECV=0.71), supporting the use of a total score. Internal consistency was high (α=0.93; ω=0.94). Women scored significantly higher than men (p<0.001). Differentiated cut-off points by sex are proposed: ≥ 52 for women and ≥ 45 for men. These findings support the validity and reliability of the CES-D as a unidimensional measure of depressive symptoms in the Colombian university population and highlight its usefulness as a screening tool in public health settings, particularly within Latin American regional contexts where early detection of mental health problems is a priority.

This study developed and validated the Critical Right Scale (CRS) to measure emerging critical right attitudes and revised the Critical Social Justice Attitudes Scale (CSJAS-R), replicating its psychometric evaluation. A nationwide convenience sample of Finnish adults (n = 626) completed an online survey. Item screening used exploratory factor analysis with oblique rotation and loading and residual correlation criteria. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and measurement invariance testing were conducted in lavaan using full information maximum likelihood. The final CRS consisted of five items with high reliability (α = 0.89, ω = 0.90) and good model fit in both male and female subsamples, with pooled-sample residual misfit judged minor given subgroup results. The CSJAS-R comprised six items with strong reliability (α = 0.88, ω = 0.89) and excellent fit. Both scales met configural and metric invariance; partial scalar invariance was achieved after freeing a small number of item intercepts. CRS scores were strongly associated with right-wing and conservative self-placement with higher scores concentrated among Finns Party and Christian Democrat voters, and weakly linked to perceived oppression. CSJAS-R scores were strongly associated with left-wing and liberal self-placement with higher scores concentrated among Left Alliance and Greens voters, and had a small-to-moderate association with justification of political violence. CRS and CSJAS-R were strongly negatively correlated (r = -0.62), indicating divergent validity. Both CRS and CSJAS-R demonstrated strong psychometric properties and distinct ideological profiles, providing validated tools for studying political attitude structures at opposing ends of the ideological spectrum.

This study examined the psychometric properties of the Turkish versions of the Maladaptive Daydreaming Scale (MDS-16) and its short form (MDS-5), with a particular focus on how the scales function in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Cross-sectional psychometric validation study comparing adults with ADHD to typical controls. A total of 357 participants (251 with ADHD, 106 controls) completed the MDS-16, MDS-5, and additional measures of ADHD symptoms, excessive mind wandering, dissociation, and anxiety/depression. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the four-factor structure of the MDS-16 and indicated good model fit for the MDS-5. Internal consistency was excellent for the MDS-16 total scale (α = .93) and good for the MDS-5 (α = .87). Multivariate analyses, controlling for sociodemographic variables and comorbid symptom severity, showed significantly higher MD scores in the ADHD group across total and subscale scores (η2 = .17 for Impairment, .14 for Kinesthesia, .08 for Yearning, .04 for Music). Item-level analyses showed that Yearning and Music/Kinesthesia items clustered in the moderate-to-lower AUC range, whereas Impairment items clustered at the highest AUC levels. Convergent validity was supported by moderate correlations between MD scales and ADHD symptoms, excessive mind wandering, and dissociation (r = .51-.63), while ADHD symptoms and excessive mind wandering showed a markedly stronger association (r = .82). The Turkish MDS-16 and MDS-5 demonstrated good validity and reliability, with Yearning and Music/Kinesthesia subscales capturing more MD-specific features, whereas Impairment showed greater overlap with ADHD. Further research is needed to clarify MD-ADHD overlap and improve diagnostic specificity.

Game-based learning (GBL) and gamification have emerged as promising pedagogical strategies in physiology education, leveraging play to enhance student engagement and conceptual understanding. This review examines the current studies (2020-2025) implementing games across diverse physiological domains, with multi-system integration and cardiovascular topics predominating. While GBL emphasizes experiential learning through complete game experiences, gamification applies discrete game elements to motivate task completion. Physical formats dominate, though digital adoption increased post-pandemic. Despite widespread enthusiasm, methodological rigor remains limited: most studies employed quasi-experimental designs with self-reported outcomes and minimal psychometric validation. Critical gaps include insufficient transparency in game materials, limited assessment of higher-order thinking, and narrow participant diversity. Future advances require theory-driven design, rigorous evaluation frameworks, and open sharing of educational resources to establish evidence-based best practices. • Game-based learning and gamification in physiology education appear effective in fostering student engagement; however, evidence supporting their impact on long-term learning outcomes remains inconclusive. • Empirical evidence is critically synthesized to evaluate not only learning gains but also methodological rigor, theoretical grounding, and alignment between game mechanics and physiological content. • The review advances a research agenda that emphasizes theory-driven design, stronger experimental controls, multimodal assessment (including cognitive and behavioral measures), and replication across diverse educational contexts. • Practical implications are articulated for physiology educators, instructional designers, and researchers, translating design principles into actionable strategies while identifying common pitfalls in implementation and evaluation.

Psychometric validation of the ‘ChatGPT acceptance and use scale’ (AUS-GPT), and comparative analysis of its adoption among Mexican higher education students (2023-2025)

Psychometric validation of the Indonesian version of the ALONE scale and its associations with glycemic control and psychosocial health in single-living adults with type 2 diabetes

Gratitude has been increasingly studied as a key psychological strength associated with subjective well-being, positive interpersonal relationships, and mental health. The assessment of gratitude through validated instruments is essential for both research and clinical practice. Although the Gratitude Questionnaire 6 items (GQ-6) is widely used in various cultural contexts, there is a need to evaluate its psychometric properties and cultural relevance in Portuguese-speaking populations, particularly among adults. The present study aimed to examine the psychometric properties and validity evidence of the Portuguese version of the Gratitude Questionnaire, with a focus on its internal structure, score reliability, and evidence based on relations to other variables. A final sample of 810 Portuguese adults (Mage = 43.79; SD = 23.69) completed the Portuguese version of the GQ-6. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to evaluate the instrument's internal structure. A subsample of 362 adults completed the revised 5-item version (GQ-5), along with measures of life satisfaction and loneliness, to assess evidence based on relations to other variables. Findings supported a one-factor structure, with the 5-item version showing a better model fit than the original 6-item scale. The GQ-5 demonstrated significant positive correlations with life satisfaction and negative correlations with loneliness, supporting this source of validity evidence. The instrument also exhibited adequate internal consistency. The Portuguese version of the GQ-5 is a psychometrically sound and culturally appropriate measure for assessing gratitude in adult populations.

ABSTRACT Persons with disabilities face numerous barriers that affect their well-being, yet no validated Bangla tool exists to assess subjective well-being in this population. This study validated the Bangla WHO-5 Well-being Index among 518 adults with disabilities from rural and urban areas of Bangladesh. Reliability and validity were examined using Classical Test Theory and Rasch analysis. The scale demonstrated a unidimensional structure with good model fit (CFI = 0.98, TLI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.06). Internal consistency was acceptable (α = 0.63), and test–retest reliability was excellent (ICC = 0.87). Convergent and divergent validity were supported. Rasch analysis showed acceptable item fit and strong item and person separation reliability. Findings suggest that the Bangla WHO-5 is a valid and reliable measure of subjective well-being among persons with disabilities.

Quality of life assessment in residents with severe cognitive impairment: psychometric validation of the French translated QUALID scale.

Digital cognitive assessments represent an important and rapidly evolving approach to detecting cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease-related pathology. Jannati et al. report promising findings using a multimodal digital clock and recall assessment to identify cognitive impairment and amyloid positivity. While this contribution is welcomed, several comparative statements regarding Cognivue® rely on historical regulatory data and do not reflect the contemporaneous peer-reviewed evidence base available at the time of manuscript preparation. This Matters Arising article clarifies the limitations of cross-study performance comparisons, addresses selective citation of a single early Cognivue publication, and summarizes subsequent peer-reviewed findings demonstrating Cognivue's psychometric validity, biomarker associations, and generalizability across diverse populations. These considerations highlight the importance of harmonized, contemporaneous comparisons when asserting relative performance among digital cognitive assessment tools.

The western existing scales to measure employee burnout are often critiqued in relation to cultural sensitivity and early stage job frustration experience while being implemented in non-western settings as evidenced within the limitations of the local study findings. Therefore, since Omani society values social stability while being integrated with employment, there is a demanding necessity for developing a culture-sensitive scale to measure job frustration among healthcare workers (HCWs). This study aimed to develop and psychometrically validate the Omani Job Frustration Questionnaire (OJFQ), a culturally grounded instrument designed to assess early-stage occupational frustration among healthcare workers in Oman. The development of the scale was considered following a sequential mixed-methods approach. Set of six focus group discussions (FGDs) with 42 nurses in the mental health setting steered initial item generation guided by conceptual frameworks from the MARS model, and CBI. Expert reviews involving 16 professionals from Oman and Malaysia were conducted to refine the item pool ending up with a 45-item OJFQ initially. The newly developed scale was surveyed on 139 participants working in a mental health setting, primarily involving nursing professionals, getting a response rate of 99.3%. The data analysis was conducted in presenting details of descriptive statistics, Cronbach's alpha, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), item analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to assess scale validity. The final scale included 37-item across five constructs after conducting EFA: (1) management and role clarity, (2) emotional regulation and professional coping strategies, (3) career development and engagement, (4) workplace bureaucracy and social challenges, and (5) workplace resources and stability. The scale demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.774 for the final 37-item version), and all constructs were significantly correlated with the total score. CFA showed an acceptable chi-square ratio but suboptimal fit across most indices, providing preliminary support for the proposed factor structure. Both EFA and CFA were conducted on the same sample. In addition, there was no significant correlation (r = 0.032, p = 0.709) was found with the CBI, suggesting that the scale may capture a related but distinct construct. The OJFQ represents a culturally tailored instrument with preliminary psychometric support for assessing job frustration among healthcare workers with initial validation in a mental health nursing context in Oman. Its development may support early identification of occupational strain within culturally specific healthcare environments. Further refinement across diverse healthcare settings and populations are warranted.

The present study examined the psychometric properties of the Hope-Action Inventory (HAI) in Korean university students. Two independent samples (Sample 1: N = 2,096; Sample 2: N = 1,004) were used to compare competing models, including correlated seven-factor, hierarchical, and bifactor structures, and to evaluate reliability and convergent validity. Across both samples, a modified seven-factor correlated model demonstrated the best overall fit among the tested models. Internal consistency was examined using Cronbach’s α and McDonald’s ω, indicating excellent reliability for the total score and acceptable to good reliability for all subscales. Convergent validity was supported by expected associations between HAI scores and theoretically related constructs, including vocational identity, components of human agency, career goal and preparation competencies, dispositional hope, optimism, flexibility-related measures, and career decision-making difficulties. At the total-score level, the HAI showed strong positive correlations with adaptive career-related constructs and a moderate negative correlation with career decision-making difficulties. Overall, the findings provide evidence supporting the reliability and validity of the Korean HAI for use in career research and practice.

Patient experience (PX) is crucial for evaluating healthcare quality in oncology, encompassing comprehensive interactions from diagnosis through survivorship. However, the field lacks consensus on PX measurement and its conceptualization. The aim of this scoping review was to systematically map methods and tools used to measure PX in original studies, while providing detailed characteristics of each tool. Guided by the Arksey and O'Malley framework, this review involved a systematic search across six databases up to May 2025. Data from 109 original studies, identifying 43 unique tools, were extracted and synthesized narratively. Survey-based questionnaires predominated, with national cancer PX surveys being most frequently used (44%). Despite this, significant fragmentation was evident, with most tools used in limited studies (1-2). 63% of tools lacked explicit theoretical foundations, and psychometric reporting was imprecise. Consistently measured domains included information/communication, care coordination, and respect/dignity. The measurement of PX in oncology is diverse but inconsistent, marked by a lack of standardization, theoretical ambiguity, and insufficient psychometric validation. Therefore, it is highly challenging to transfer such results into impactful clinical interventions for patients. Addressing these gaps through theory-driven tool development, rigorous validation, and culturally appropriate adaptations, especially for cancer survivorship and diverse global contexts, is essential.

The original Reproductive Concerns After Cancer (RCAC) scale is a well-validated instrument. However, its gender-specific nature hinders direct comparison of scores across genders and limits its efficiency in clinical practice. The study was conducted in two phases. First, items from the original female and male RCAC scales were rigorously evaluated and consolidated using a Delphi expert panel and face validity testing, resulting in a preliminary 7-item version. Second, psychometric validation was performed on a sample of 1,049 young cancer survivors (609 males, 440 females) recruited from two specialist oncology hospitals in China. Participants were diagnosed with a range of cancers, including colorectal, lung, breast, thyroid, gastric, and ovarian tumors. The psychometric evaluation encompassed item analysis, content validity, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), convergent validity with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), internal consistency reliability, and test-retest reliability. The original 18-item scale was successfully reduced to a 7-item unisex instrument, the RCAC-7. Psychometric testing demonstrated that the RCAC-7 has satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.770; McDonald's ω = 0.889) and excellent test-retest reliability (r = 0.930-0.970). The content validity index was good. Convergent validity was supported by a strong positive correlation with the PHQ-9 (r = 0.783, p < 0.01). Furthermore, confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a robust one-factor structure, indicating good model fit. The RCAC-7 is a valid and reliable unisex tool for measuring reproductive concerns in young cancer survivors. Its brevity and strong psychometric properties make it highly suitable for rapid screening and use in both clinical practice and large-scale research settings.

People living with severe visual impairment endure stigma and discrimination, which can contribute to poor health and economic outcomes. There are few tools that measure vision-related stigma in the populations of rural Africa. The aim of this study was to assess an adapted tool for measuring stigmatizing attitudes and behaviors among a cohort of adults with severe visual impairment in rural Mozambique. A cohort of 927 patients with severe visual impairment from rural Northern Mozambique were examined. As part of a wider study, an adapted stigma and discrimination tool consisting of 13 questions was administered to the cohort. 556 (60.0%) patients responded to all questions and were included in the subsequent analysis. The 556 patients were split into equivalent subsamples. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted on the first subsample to examine the underlying constructs of the tool, followed by a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using the second subsample to validate the structure identified by the EFA. Factor analysis of the tool revealed an underlying two-factor structure that mirrored the theoretical structure of the original tool. The models showed good fit based on standard model-fit indices and good internal consistency based on Cronbach's alpha. The adapted tool showed good validity and reliability. These are encouraging results that can be progressed further to develop a standardized stigma and discrimination measurement among patients living with severe visual impairment in rural African settings. Clinical trial number: not applicable.

The aim of this study is to analyze the psychometric properties of the Parent-Rated Anxiety Scale (PRAS-ASD). A psychometric validation study of the PRAS-ASD was conducted with a sample of 221 individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with a mean age of 8.60 years and a standard deviation of 4.76 years. A one-factor model was found to fit the data well. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were high. Significant correlations were obtained between anxiety and related constructs. No significant gender differences were observed in the PRAS-ASD. Differences in anxiety levels were observed between ASD groups with varying degrees of intellectual disability (ID). The PRAS-ASD is a reliable and valid scale for measuring anxiety in the Spanish population with ASD. Future studies should expand the sample, further study anxiety, and evaluate measurement invariance according to age, sex, and severity of ASD and ID.

BackgroundLong COVID is a complex, multisystem chronic condition that may persist or fluctuate for months to years after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Despite emerging international research, significant gaps remain in understanding the full breadth of long COVID’s impacts in Australia. No study has yet prospectively examined these multidimensional impacts using a culturally appropriate, user-validated toolkit. Our study aims to characterise symptom profiles, functional outcomes and psychological, social, financial and behavioural impacts of long COVID in Australian adults; identify factors associated with recovery trajectories; and validate a set of measures to support research and clinical care.MethodsThis national, multi-site, longitudinal prospective cohort study comprises three phases: (1) survey selection and user-testing; (2) psychometric validation; and (3) a longitudinal cohort study. Survey selection was informed by literature review, Australian parliament inquiry reports and international recommendations, and refined through iterative user-testing and expert review. A total of 1000 participants aged ≥18 years from diverse cultural backgrounds with ongoing symptoms following COVID-19 infection will be divided into three cohorts based on time since infection. Surveys will be administered at seven time points over 24 months, with optional follow-up to 36 months. Data linkage to state and national health datasets will enable an objective assessment of healthcare utilisation and associated costs. Psychometric properties of the tools will be evaluated using baseline responses from the initial 300 participants, including assessments of structural/construct validity, convergent validity, known-groups validity, cross-validity, internal reliability, responsiveness and test–retest reliability. Other data analyses will include descriptive statistics, repeated-measures analysis of variance, linear mixed-effects modelling and multivariable regression models.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained from The St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) (112108/2024/PID00364) and RMIT University HREC (28124). Research findings will be disseminated at conferences and in peer-reviewed publications.Trial registration numberAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12625001415493).