Psychometric Properties Research Articles

Assessing dependent personality: Psychometric evaluation of the dependent personality questionnaire among Turkish professionals and university students

ABSTRACT This study aimed to adapt the Dependent Personality Questionnaire (DPQ) into Turkish and assess its psychometric properties. To this end, the translation and back-translation of the scale were conducted, followed by a content validity analysis of the Turkish version (DPQ-T). Subsequently, the factor structure of DPQ-T was examined through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and its construct validity (convergent and discriminant validity) and internal consistency were evaluated. The association between DPQ-T and submissive behavior was analyzed to test convergent validity, while its relationship with self-esteem was examined for discriminant validity. A total of 431 participants, comprising employees from various sectors and university students, participated in the study. CFA results indicated an acceptable model fit (χ2 = 41.497, p < .000, χ2/df = 2.96, IFI = .94, CFI = .94, GFI = .97, AGFI = .95, RMR = .05, RMSEA = .07). The scale demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency, with Cronbach’s alpha, McDonald’s omega, and composite reliability coefficients ranging from 0.70 to 0.80. Furthermore, dependent personality was positively correlated with submissive behavior and negatively correlated with self-esteem, providing evidence for its construct validity. Overall, the findings support the psychometric robustness of DPQ-T, indicating its suitability for assessing dependent personality traits in the Turkish population.

Development of a Short Version of the Dissociation Questionnaire (sDIS-Q) : Assessment of Its Psychometric Properties within a Non-Clinical and Clinical Sample.

Dissociation is a prevalent phenomenon. Existing psychometric tools for measuring dissociation have faced several criticisms. The Dissociation Questionnaire (DIS-Q) is a noteworthy tool but suffers from being lengthy (63 items) and including non-pathological components of dissociation. This study aims to develop a shorter version of the DIS-Q (sDIS-Q) that focuses on the core pathological manifestations of dissociation. We recruited 511 participants from the non-clinical sample and used archival data from 86 patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). They completed the DIS-Q along with other questionnaires assessing related psychological mechanisms (e.g. PTSD, emotion regulation, beliefs about dissociation). Drawing on the expertise of clinicians, we selected items that were more indicative of pathological forms of dissociation. We identified a two-factor structure of the sDIS-Q. The first factor was associated with perceived detachment, while the second was related to amnesia. The fit indices were satisfactory in both the non-clinical and the clinical sample. We also observed good internal consistency (α=[.89-.91]) and concurrent validity. The sDIS-Q is a reliable tool that can be used in both clinical and research settings. Its shorter length is beneficial for patients, researchers, and clinicians.

Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Pediatric Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (ICIQ-CLUTS): a Chinese validation study

BackgroundLower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are common in pediatric patients and significantly affect children’s well-being and family-related quality of life. However, no validated Chinese assessment tool for LUTS exists. This study aimed to develop and validate a Chinese version of the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Pediatric Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (ICIQ-CLUTS).MethodsThe ICIQ-CLUTS was translated following the Beaton cross-cultural adaptation guidelines. A total of 192 children with and without LUTS and their parents were enrolled between June and October 2024. Psychometric evaluation was performed using multiple approaches. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for internal consistency. Validity was assessed by expert content review and exploratory factor analysis. Clinical diagnoses were made using standardized assessment protocols including medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests (urinalysis and uroflowmetry) based on the International Children’s Continence Society (ICCS) criteria. Using these clinical diagnoses as the reference standard, the diagnostic accuracy was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.ResultsThe study included 192 participants (70.8% male) divided into two age groups: 5–9 years (n = 139) and 10–14 years (n = 53). The Chinese ICIQ-CLUTS showed acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.718 for children’s version; 0.706 for parents’ version) and distinct factor structure. The diagnoses encompassed various LUTS manifestations including monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE), non-monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (NMNE), and overactive bladder (OAB). Both versions exhibited high diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.948 for children’s version; 0.933 for parents’ version), with superior performance observed in the 10-14-year age group (AUC = 0.963 and 0.960, respectively). The optimal cut-off points were 13.5 for both versions, with sensitivity of 0.90 and specificity of 0.86 for the children’s version, and sensitivity of 0.89 and specificity of 0.85 for the parents’ version.ConclusionThe Chinese version of ICIQ-CLUTS shows good psychometric properties and diagnostic accuracy, making it a useful screening tool for pediatric LUTS in Chinese-speaking populations.

Ethical sensitivity questionnaire for nursing students: psychometric properties of the Persian version

ObjectiveNursing students’ ethical sensitivity is crucial for providing high-quality patient care. Assessing this sensitivity using standardized tools is essential for both students and professional nurses. This study aimed to determine the properties of cultural adaptation and the psychometric evaluation of the Ethical Sensitivity Questionnaire for Nursing Students (ESQ-NS).ResultsThis methodological study, conducted between April and November 2023, involved 480 nursing students who were selected through convenience sampling. The ESQ-NS was translated into Persian following the method described by Wild et al. (2005). The data were analyzed using SPSS (version 27) and LISREL (version 8.8) software. The EFA and CFA validated a three-factor, 13-item structure for the assessment tool. The Pearson correlation coefficient demonstrated a positive and significant correlation between the items and their respective subscales of the overall scale. The reliability of the Persian version of the ESQ-NS was confirmed with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.781, a MacDonald’s Omega coefficient of 0.78, and an Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) of 0.78 (CI: 0.743- 0.816). The Persian version of the ESQ-NS demonstrates acceptable reliability and validity, making it a suitable tool for evaluating the ethical sensitivity of nursing students in Iran.

Portuguese Version of a Value Beliefs Scale: Psychometric Properties Among Vocational Secondary School Students

Portuguese Version of a Value Beliefs Scale: Psychometric Properties Among Vocational Secondary School Students

Psychometric validation and cultural adaptation of the Chinese version of the CarerQol-7D instrument

ObjectiveThis study aims to translate and validate the CarerQol in a sample of informal caregivers in China.MethodThe CarerQol was translated following a standard process. Validation data was collected from multiple sources, including hospitals, patient associations, and community health centers between September 2023 and December 2024 in China. Caregivers of individuals with disability or long-term care needs were recruited. The psychometric properties of the CarerQol-7D were evaluated through ceiling and floor effects, factorial structure, convergent and divergent validity, known-groups validity, and test-retest reliability.ResultsA total of 324 participants completed the survey and provided validated responses. The mean CarerQol level sum score was 12.8 (SD = 2.9). The CarerQol-7D showed no ceiling or floor effects at either dimension or scale levels. Test-retest reliability of the CarerQol-7D was satisfactory, as supported by ICC and Gwet’s AC1 measures. Correlation analysis confirmed all hypothesized pairs of dimensions and level sum scores/utility scores between CarerQol-7D, SF-6Dv2, and ICECAP-A. The CarerQol-7D successfully distinguished between risk groups through ANOVA testing. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that a one-factor model of the CarerQol-7D fit the data.ConclusionThis study provides the Chinese version of the CarerQol and confirms its sound psychometric properties for informal caregivers in China. These findings demonstrate the CarerQol’s value in cost-effectiveness analyses of caregiving interventions and strategies.

Translation and validation of Malay version of NIOSH worker well-being questionnaire (WellBQ).

The NIOSH Worker Well-Being Questionnaire (WellBQ) offers a comprehensive framework to evaluate worker well-being across five domains: work evaluation, workplace policies, physical environment and safety, health status, and home/community influences. In Malaysia, traditional occupational safety and health (OSH) initiatives have primarily focused on workplace hazards, often neglecting broader psychosocial and organizational factors. To address this gap, this study adapted and validated the Malay version of the WellBQ for healthcare workers, ensuring cultural and contextual relevance. A rigorous translation process, including forward and backward translation, expert panel reviews, and pilot testing, was conducted to retain the original framework while addressing local nuances. Psychometric evaluation involved 366 healthcare workers from Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, employing Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to assess model fit, internal consistency, and construct validity. The Malay WellBQ demonstrated robust psychometric properties, with a Content Validity Index (CVI) of 0.92 and a Face Validity Index (FVI) of 0.98, reflecting high relevance and clarity. CFA confirmed an acceptable model fit (RMSEA = 0.050, CFI = 0.887, TLI = 0.877) and strong internal consistency (CR > 0.7). Convergent validity was observed across most subdomains, although some Average Variance Extracted (AVE) scores fell below 0.5, highlighting areas for refinement. Discriminant validity was achieved within domains but revealed overlaps between some domains, suggesting interconnected constructs. The Malay WellBQ is a reliable and culturally relevant tool for assessing worker well-being, offering actionable insights for workplace policy and intervention development. Further refinements are recommended to enhance construct validity across domains.

Hope amid uncertainty: exploring the validity of the State Hope Scale in post-migration adult language learning

ABSTRACT When language learning takes place post-migration, the challenge is not only to attain fluency. Learning is tied up with life opportunities and is overshadowed by hopes and fears for the future. In the post-migration phase, hopeful thinking can support the acculturation process. Hope is a goal-related construct that captures variation in adaptability in the pursuit of positive outcomes. It involves the interaction of (a) agency (goal-directed energy) and (b) pathways (strategic planning for goal accomplishment). When language learning takes place in situations of uncertainty, Hope can provide insights into adaptive learning behaviour. The purpose of the study was to examine the psychometric properties of the State Hope Scale (SHS) in a sample of adult migrants (n = 211) learning Swedish. First, the factor structure of Hope was investigated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Second, convergent and discriminant validity were examined in relation to the associable constructs of Grit and Academic Buoyancy. Finally, measurement invariance for gender was examined. Findings support a one-factor structure. Consideration is given to (a) psychometric qualities of the SHS, and (b) the role of Hope in L2 psychology. Since language learning always involves a degree of uncertainty, Hope can be a useful construct for studying learner psychology.

Construction of a Questionnaire on Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices in Nursing Care of Adults With External Ventricular Drainage: Reliability and Validity Assessment.

Nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding external ventricular drainage (EVD) significantly impact patient care quality. The study aimed to develop and validate a suitable questionnaire for assessing neurosurgical nurses' KAP regarding EVD care. This study developed a questionnaire from a literature review, semi-structured interviews, team discussions, and 2 Delphi rounds, then administered it to 841 neurosurgical nurses to assess its psychometric properties, including content validity, structural validity, and reliability. The final 40-item questionnaire had a Cronbach's α of 0.871, split-half reliability of 0.820, test-retest reliability of 0.853, with the content validity index ranging from 0.861 to 1.000. Exploratory factor analysis revealed 11 factors, collectively accounting for 64.17% of the total variance. The developed questionnaire can serve as a useful tool for assessing neurosurgical nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding EVD care.

Analyzing the Dimensionality of the Emotional Dependency Questionnaire (CDE) in Ecuadorian University Students

This study examined the dimensionality of the Emotional Dependence Questionnaire (CDE) in a sample of 440 Ecuadorian university students. Through factor analysis, three structural models—six oblique factors, hierarchical, and bifactor—were compared, with the bifactor model demonstrating the best fit. The findings suggest that emotional dependence is an unidimensional construct with additional specific components, as indicated by robust fit indices (?H = .90, LCS = .70, PUC = .78). Reliability analysis confirmed excellent internal consistency for the general factor (? = .96) and acceptable-to-good reliability for specific factors (? = .70 to .90). Convergent validity was supported by significant correlations with dimensions of Young’s Schema Questionnaire. These results establish the CDE as a valid and reliable instrument for assessing emotional dependence in Ecuadorian university students. Practical applications include their use in clinical settings to identify and address emotional dependence patterns and in educational contexts for preventive interventions. Future research should explore the questionnaire’s psychometric properties across diverse populations and cultural settings. Received: 1 November 2024 / Accepted: 17 April 2025 / Published: 08 May 2025

Systematic Review of Psychodermatologic Assessment Tools: Diagnostic Accuracy and Clinical Utility.

Primary psychodermatologic disorders such as body dysmorphic disorder, trichotillomania, and excoriation disorder present significant challenges in dermatological and psychiatric assessment due to their complex psychological and dermatological symptoms. Reliable and valid screening tools are essential for effective diagnosis and management, yet there is a lack of consensus on the most appropriate instruments. A systematic review was conducted, identifying 81 studies that employed 45 different psychodermatologic tools, of which 13 studies provided empirical data on their diagnostic accuracy. Tools were assessed for their psychometric properties, including sensitivity, specificity, reliability, and validity. The Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire (BDDQ) and its variants demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy, with the BDDQ showing a sensitivity of 0.97 [95% CI: 0.82-1.00] and specificity of 0.91 [95% CI: 0.86-0.95]. The Skin Picking Scale-Revised showed high diagnostic accuracy for excoriation disorder, with a sensitivity of 0.89 [95% CI: 0.84-0.94] and specificity of 0.95 [95% CI: 0.93-0.96]. Similarly, the Massachusetts General Hospital Hairpulling Scale, frequently utilized for trichotillomania, exhibited strong psychometric properties, with a sensitivity of 0.90 [95% CI: 0.81-0.96] and specificity of 0.72 [95% CI: 0.63-0.80]. Despite their frequent use, many tools lack a comprehensive assessment of the full range of symptoms, including social impairment and behavioural nuances. The review highlights the importance of developing standardized, multidimensional assessment tools that are valid, reliable, and easy to implement in daily practice. Further research is needed to establish the practical utility of these tools in routine dermatology settings, addressing gaps in effectiveness, referral and intervention limitations, and patient acceptability.

Development and validation of a questionnaire assessing knowledge, attitude, and practice of snake envenomation among health care providers (KAPSE-HCPQ) in sub-Saharan African countries.

A tropical disease that is often overlooked yet poses a significant risk to public health is envenomation caused by snakebite. This study aimed to develop a validated questionnaire to evaluate healthcare providers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding snakebite envenomation (KAPSE-HCPQ). A cross-sectional survey among healthcare providers in 11 Sub-Saharan African countries was conducted from 3 November 2023 to 25 February 2024, using convenience and snowball sampling methods. Data collection included electronic surveys and face-to-face interviews. Internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha was measured to determine sub-domain scales' reliability. We assessed the instrument's validity using multiple approaches, including face, content, convergent, and divergent validity, and evaluated its structural validity through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. A total of 634 healthcare providers were included in the study. The median age of participants was 31 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 11), with 61.0% being male, 47.9% holding a bachelor's degree, and the median years of professional experience were 5 years (IQR: 8). The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin was 0.869, indicating a robust sample for factor analysis. Bartlett's test of Sphericity was statistically significant (p <0.001), confirming the suitability of the data for factor analysis. Three factors were extracted, collectively explaining 41% of the total variance. Knowledge items retained had loadings between 0.410 and 0.821, while attitude items ranged from 0.421 to 0.736. Practice items had loadings between 0.588 and 0.666. Confirmatory factor analysis results indicated good fit measures (RMSEA <0.08, GFI, NFI, CFI, TLI >0.9, and SRMR<0.08), with all domain correlations remaining below 0.05, confirming divergent validity. Cronbach's alpha values for knowledge, attitude, and practice domains were above 0.7, demonstrating acceptable internal consistency. The developed questionnaire has good reliability, validity, and good psychometric properties to be used as a tool for assessing knowledge, attitude, and practice of snake envenomation among healthcare providers.

Measurement invariance of the Spanish University of California at Los Angeles Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition-brief form in Puerto Rico following Hurricane Maria.

Natural disasters are a salient source of traumatic exposures for many youth, although not all youth exposed to these traumatic experiences go on to develop posttraumatic stress symptoms or other maladaptive reactions. Given the low resource context and high need for psychological support engendered by natural disasters globally, efficient, evidentiary, culturally appropriate tools for assessing risk are needed to effectively identify youth most in need of services. The present study used a sample of 96,108 Puerto Rican youth collected in 2018, 5-9 months after Hurricane Maria in 2017, to examine the psychometric properties of a Spanish translation of the University of California Los Angeles Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index-Brief Form (RI-5-BF). Participants completed measures of hurricane exposure, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and depressive symptoms. Results indicated a strong fit between the data and the four-factor Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition, model of posttraumatic stress disorder (root-mean-square error of approximation = .030, 90% confidence interval [.029, .031], Tucker-Lewis index = .976, comparative fit index = .983) and multigroup factor analysis indicated measurement invariance by gender at the scalar level. Normative values for this population by grade and gender were also estimated by examining the descriptive statistics of participants' responses and convergent validity analysis indicated a strong relationship between the University of California Los Angeles Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index-Brief Form total score and a measure of depressive symptoms (r = .64). The implications of psychometric research for improving global efforts to triage and respond to psychological distress in the aftermath of natural disasters are discussed, with an emphasis on the critical need for psychometric research to diversify through development and adaptation of instruments in global populations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Disaster Preparedness Evaluation Tool: Adaptation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Spanish Version.

A standardized tool, the Disaster Preparedness Evaluation Tool (DPET), originally published in English, is available for the purpose of assessing the level of disaster preparedness among nurses, however, a Spanish version is yet to be developed. The purpose of this study was twofold: first, to prepare a Spanish version of the DPET (DPET-SP), and secondly, to analyse the psychometric properties of the new Spanish version. The target population comprised nurses in the region of Asturias, Spain. Cronbach's alpha (internal consistency) and item-total correlations (item discrimination) were used to test the reliability of the tool. Construct validity was tested using confirmatory factor analysis. The content validity of the Spanish version was estimated using the scale-level content validity index. The appropriateness of the factor analysis was tested using the Kaiser-Meyer-Ollin test. Sphericity of the correlation matrix was examined using Barlett's test. Principal component analysis (PCA) was utilized to categorise the measurement instrument into salient factors. Convergent validity was assessed using Average Variance Extracted (AVE). The PCA determined that the 45 items could be grouped into five factors Cronbach's alpha value was 0.964, the AVE values for the five constructs ranged from 0.51 to 0.71, the goodness-of-fit of the model structure was good, the convergence reliability values ranged from 0.80 to 0.95 and the square root of the AVE of each individual factor must be greater than all other correlations between pairs of constructs, so there is divergent validity. The DPET-SP has adequate validity and reliability. Therefore, it can be utilised by nurses for whom Spanish is their first language.

The Holm and Cordoba Urinary Tract Infection Score: Translation, Linguistic and Content Validation of the German Version of a Patient-Reported Outcome Measure to Assess Symptoms, Bothersomeness and Impact of Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections in Women.

The Danish Holm and Cordoba Urinary Tract Infection Score (HCUTI) assessing symptom severity, bothersomeness and impact of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (uUTIs) on daily activities in women is a promising patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) for use in future research. For potential application in Germany, the present study aimed (i) to perform translation and linguistic validation of the HCUTI, and (ii) to assess content validity of the German version of the HCUTI. Translation and linguistic validation was performed using the dual-panel method. A bilingual panel of nonprofessional Danish-German speaking persons translated the HCUTI, and the translated version was evaluated regarding comprehensibility by a lay panel of native German-speaking women with past uUTI. Content validity of the German version of the HCUTI was assessed according to the criteria of the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) methodology. In individual cognitive interviews, women with a history of uUTI and experts from different medical fields rated the instructions, items, response options and recall period of the HCUTI in terms of relevance, comprehensiveness and comprehensibility. Translation and linguistic validation resulted in a German version of the HCUTI which lay persons considered easy to understand. In content validity assessments, participants rated the questionnaire as generally relevant and comprehensive. One item was removed due to lack of relevance. The response options were linguistically modified, and a dichotomous scale was introduced for 10 items on symptoms. To enhance comprehensibility, eight items on symptoms and bothersomeness, and one item on daily activities were slightly reformulated. After modification, the German version of the HCUTI includes 18 items on symptoms, 18 items on bothersomeness, and six items on impact on daily activities. The study team reviewed and linguistically standardized the final version of the questionnaire to ensure consistency in wording and sentence structure across all items. The German version of the HCUTI is a suitable tool to assess symptoms, bothersomeness and impact of uUTIs in women. Data on psychometric properties of the instrument will be collected in a subsequent survey among women with uUTIs.

Confirmatory factor analysis of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale-Expanded in veterans with comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder and severe mental illness.

Individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and comorbid severe mental illness (SMI) are often underserved and undertreated. Empirical validation of commonly used measures of psychiatric symptoms in clinical practice, such as the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale-Expanded (BPRS-E), is warranted in this vulnerable population. As such, this study sought to validate the factor structure and examine the psychometric properties of the BPRS-E among Veterans with comorbid PTSD and SMI. The study sample included 126 Veterans with comorbid PTSD and SMI recruited for a larger randomized controlled trial. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to compare the fit of five potential factor structures. Construct validity was evaluated using Pearson correlation coefficients. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the four-factor model with 12 core items and the five-factor model with 15 items demonstrated a satisfactory fit. Construct validity evidence was provided for the BPRS-E total score via a moderate correlation with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, as well as weak but significant correlations with the Beck Depression Inventory and Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale. This study is the first to examine the factor structure of the BPRS-E for individuals with PTSD and SMI. Our results support the BPRS-E as a reliable and valid assessment of psychiatric symptoms in this population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Posttraumatic growth among refugees in transit context.

There is a growing body of evidence on positive outcomes related to refugees' traumatic experiences, such as posttraumatic growth (PTG). However, there is a lack of studies exploring PTG among refugees in transit context, where contextual specifics differ from destination countries, and include threatened safety and prolonged state of alert. Two aims of this study were to assess PTG among refugees in transit and explore the psychometric properties of the Posttraumatic growth inventory used in this context. Two hundred forty-nine refugees residing in transit countries along the Balkan route, 76% men, with an average age of 29.65 years completed PTGI, assessing PTG, Refugee Health Screener-15, assessing psychological vulnerability, and the World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index, assessing psychological well-being. The results showed a moderate to high presence of PTG among participants. Exploratory factor analysis (maximum likelihood extraction, Promax factor rotation), suggested the retention of three factors, which accounted for 44.88% of the total items variance-changes in self-perception, changes in interpersonal relationships, and changed philosophy of life. To test the predictive power of PTGI for well-being, over and above psychological difficulties, hierarchical linear regression was performed, showing changes in interpersonal relationships and changed philosophy of life significantly added to the prediction of well-being, over and above measures of symptomatology. The study showed that PTG can be developed under highly stressful and uncertain circumstances, demonstrating the potential for positive psychological change among refugees in transit. These findings highlight the need for comprehensive mental health interventions fostering well-being and recovery. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Understanding Binge-Watching: The Role of Dark Triad Traits, Sociodemographic Factors, and Series Preferences

Binge-watching has become a dominant mode of media consumption, yet its psychological underpinnings remain insufficiently explored. This study investigates the influence of dark triad personality traits, sociodemographic factors, and TV series preferences on binge-watching behavior. A Portuguese version of the Binge-Watching Engagement and Symptoms Questionnaire (BWESQ) was validated using a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), demonstrating strong psychometric properties. Measurement invariance was confirmed across genders through a multigroup CFA, testing configural, metric, scalar, and error variance levels. Model reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity were assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, composite reliability, and the average variance extracted (AVE). Multiple linear regression analyses identified significant predictors of binge-watching, including gender, age, professional status, TV series preferences, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. These findings underscore the role of personality traits and demographic factors in shaping binge-watching behavior, offering insights that may inform psychological interventions to prevent excessive or problematic viewing patterns.

Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Oral Epithelial Dysplasia Informational Needs Questionnaire.

The Oral Epithelial Dysplasia Information Needs Questionnaire (ODIN-Q) was developed to assess the informational needs of patients with oral epithelial dysplasia (OED). This study aimed to evaluate the six-factor ODIN-Q model to determine its psychometric properties and alignment with a theoretical framework. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted with 165 participants to assess the model's fit. Consensus-based standards for selecting health measurement instruments were followed, and five participants per item in the assessment tool were required for effective CFA. Various fit indices, factor loadings and inter-factor correlations were analysed. The CFA results indicated a moderate model fit, which was consistent with other multidimensional patient-reported instruments. The average factor loading for all 33 items was 0.58 (highest = 0.84, lowest = 0.28). Only two items with relatively low loadings (< 0.3) were related to doctors' experience and lifestyle adjustments. Additionally, the ODIN-Q distinguished conceptually distinct domains with low inter-factor correlations (< 0.20). The current six-factor ODIN-Q is a psychometrically sound instrument for assessing the informational needs of individuals with OED. Further cross-cultural assessments of the ODIN-Q are required to demonstrate its cultural sensitivity in other English-speaking patient cohorts and globally.

Factor analysis of the Spanish version of the Q-Set Attachment Questionnaire

Introduction: The Attachment Q-set Version 3.0 (AQS) is an instrument that allows for the evaluation of individual differences in attachment security during the preschool stage. Objective: To determine the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Attachment Q-Set (AQS) 3.0 adapted to Ecuador, through the analysis of its factorial structure, validity, and reliability in Ecuadorian children aged 1 to 5 years. Methodology: This was an observational, descriptive, and correlational study with a quantitative approach. It was conducted at a single site using non-probability sampling. Data were collected from 71 families through institutional records from public and private Comprehensive Diagnostic Centers (CDIs), as well as UDIPSAI. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted, and internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega. Results: The model showed poor fit (SRMR = 0.123; RMSEA = 0.101, 95% CI [0.093–0.109]; CFI = 0.486; TLI = 0.445). Significant loadings were found for key items such as I77 (0.73) and I18 (0.85; p &lt; .001). Internal consistency was excellent for the total scale (α = 0.87; ω = 0.88), though subscale reliability varied (e.g., Z: α = 0.80; V: α = 0.30). Conclusions: Despite limitations in model fit and subscale consistency, the Spanish version of AQS 3.0 adapted to the Ecuadorian context demonstrated high overall reliability, supporting its future use in attachment assessment in children under 5 years of age.